Adds Licence / Attribution (AGPL §7b) / HWID / Activation-key rows to the
Settings → Info versions table, read from the compiled xcvm_core verdict
(license_valid + verify_branding + install_id). Colour-coded badges:
Licensed/Intact green, Unlicensed/Removed red. Fail-open to N/A via a
method_exists guard (dev/CI or an older .so without the licence methods), so
it never fatals. licenseInfo() helper keeps SettingsController::index()'s
complexity unchanged (CRAP-neutral).