567 lines
23 KiB
C#
567 lines
23 KiB
C#
// Copyright (c) 2026 Duplicati Inc. All rights reserved.
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using System;
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using System.Buffers;
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using System.Collections.Generic;
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using System.Diagnostics;
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using System.IO;
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using System.Linq;
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using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
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using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
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using System.Runtime.Versioning;
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using System.Threading;
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using System.Threading.Tasks;
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using System.Xml.Linq;
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using Duplicati.Proprietary.DiskImage.General;
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namespace Duplicati.Proprietary.DiskImage.Disk
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{
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/// <summary>
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/// macOS implementation of the <see cref="IRawDisk"/> interface for raw disk access.
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/// Uses POSIX API calls via P/Invoke to read from and write to physical disk devices.
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/// </summary>
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[SupportedOSPlatform("macos")]
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public partial class Mac : IRawDisk
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{
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private static readonly string LOGTAG = Duplicati.Library.Logging.Log.LogTagFromType<Mac>();
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// Disk ioctl constants from <sys/disk.h>
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private const ulong DKIOCGETBLOCKSIZE = 0x4004_6418; // _IOR('d', 24, uint32_t)
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private const ulong DKIOCGETBLOCKCOUNT = 0x4008_6419; // _IOR('d', 25, uint64_t)
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private const ulong DKIOCSYNCHRONIZECACHE = 0x2000_6416; // _IO('d', 22)
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// File open flags
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private const int O_RDONLY = 0x0000;
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private const int O_RDWR = 0x0002;
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private const int O_SYNC = 0x0080;
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private readonly string m_devicePath;
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private int m_fileDescriptor = -1;
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private bool m_disposed = false;
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private bool m_initialized = false;
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private bool m_writeable = false;
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private uint m_sectorSize = 0;
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private long m_size = 0;
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private bool m_shouldFlush = false;
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private const string DEVICE_PREFIX = "/dev/";
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private readonly SemaphoreSlim m_ioLock = new(1, 1);
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/// <inheritdoc />
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public static string Prefix => "/dev/";
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/// <inheritdoc />
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public string DevicePath { get { return m_devicePath; } }
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/// <inheritdoc />
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public bool IsWriteable => m_writeable;
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/// <summary>
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/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Mac"/> class.
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="devicePath">The macOS device path (e.g., "/dev/rdisk0").</param>
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/// <exception cref="PlatformNotSupportedException">Thrown when not running on macOS.</exception>
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public Mac(string devicePath)
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{
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if (!OperatingSystem.IsMacOS())
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throw new PlatformNotSupportedException("macOS raw disk access is only supported on macOS platforms.");
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m_devicePath = NormalizeDevicePath(devicePath);
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// Normalizes the device path to use raw device access (/dev/rdiskN instead of /dev/diskN).
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="devicePath">The device path to normalize.</param>
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/// <returns>The normalized device path using raw device access.</returns>
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private static string NormalizeDevicePath(string devicePath)
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{
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if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(devicePath))
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return devicePath;
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// Convert /dev/diskN to /dev/rdiskN for raw/character device access
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if (devicePath.StartsWith($"{DEVICE_PREFIX}disk") && !devicePath.StartsWith($"{DEVICE_PREFIX}rdisk"))
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{
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return devicePath.Replace($"{DEVICE_PREFIX}disk", $"{DEVICE_PREFIX}rdisk");
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}
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return devicePath;
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}
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/// <inheritdoc />
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public long Size
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{
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get
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{
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if (!m_initialized)
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throw new InvalidOperationException("Disk not initialized.");
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return m_size;
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}
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}
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/// <inheritdoc />
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public int SectorSize
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{
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get
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{
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if (!m_initialized)
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throw new InvalidOperationException("Disk not initialized.");
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return (int)m_sectorSize;
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}
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}
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/// <inheritdoc />
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public int Sectors
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{
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get
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{
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if (!m_initialized)
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throw new InvalidOperationException("Disk not initialized.");
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return (int)(m_size / m_sectorSize);
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}
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}
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/// <inheritdoc />
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public async Task<bool> AutoUnmountAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
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{
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// Extract disk number from device path
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string blockDevicePath = m_devicePath.Replace($"{DEVICE_PREFIX}rdisk", $"{DEVICE_PREFIX}disk");
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// Use diskutil to unmount all volumes on the disk
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var unmount = await ProcessRunner.RunProcessAsync("diskutil", $"unmountDisk {blockDevicePath}", 30_000, cancellationToken);
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// diskutil returns 0 on success, but may also succeed with warnings
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return unmount.ExitCode == 0 || unmount.Output.Contains("successful");
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}
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/// <inheritdoc />
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public Task<bool> InitializeAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
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=> InitializeAsync(false, cancellationToken);
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/// <inheritdoc />
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public Task<bool> InitializeAsync(bool enableWrite, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
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{
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if (m_initialized)
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return Task.FromResult(true);
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// Open the device
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int flags = enableWrite ? O_RDWR | O_SYNC : O_RDONLY;
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m_fileDescriptor = open(m_devicePath, flags);
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if (m_fileDescriptor < 0)
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{
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int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
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string errorMessage = System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.GetPInvokeErrorMessage(errorCode);
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Duplicati.Library.Logging.Log.WriteErrorMessage(LOGTAG, "initialize", null, $"Failed to open device {m_devicePath}: {errorMessage} (errno: {errorCode})");
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return Task.FromResult(false);
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}
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// Get disk geometry using ioctls
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try
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{
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// Get block size (sector size)
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uint blockSize = 0;
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if (ioctl_uint32(m_fileDescriptor, DKIOCGETBLOCKSIZE, ref blockSize) < 0)
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{
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int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
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close(m_fileDescriptor);
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m_fileDescriptor = -1;
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Duplicati.Library.Logging.Log.WriteErrorMessage(LOGTAG, "initialize", null, $"Failed to get block size: errno {errorCode}");
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return Task.FromResult(false);
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}
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m_sectorSize = blockSize;
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// Get block count
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ulong blockCount = 0;
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if (ioctl_uint64(m_fileDescriptor, DKIOCGETBLOCKCOUNT, ref blockCount) < 0)
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{
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int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
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close(m_fileDescriptor);
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m_fileDescriptor = -1;
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Duplicati.Library.Logging.Log.WriteErrorMessage(LOGTAG, "initialize", null, $"Failed to get block count: errno {errorCode}");
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return Task.FromResult(false);
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}
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m_size = (long)(blockCount * blockSize);
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m_writeable = enableWrite;
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m_initialized = true;
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Duplicati.Library.Logging.Log.WriteInformationMessage(LOGTAG, "initialize", $"Successfully initialized disk {m_devicePath}: Size={m_size}, SectorSize={m_sectorSize}");
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return Task.FromResult(true);
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}
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catch (Exception ex)
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{
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close(m_fileDescriptor);
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m_fileDescriptor = -1;
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Duplicati.Library.Logging.Log.WriteErrorMessage(LOGTAG, "initialize", ex, "Failed to initialize disk");
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return Task.FromResult(false);
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}
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}
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/// <inheritdoc />
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public void Dispose()
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{
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if (m_disposed)
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return;
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if (m_shouldFlush && m_fileDescriptor >= 0)
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{
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// Use DKIOCSYNCHRONIZECACHE on macOS to guarantee flush to physical media
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if (ioctl_no_arg(m_fileDescriptor, DKIOCSYNCHRONIZECACHE) < 0)
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{
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int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
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string errorMessage = System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.GetPInvokeErrorMessage(errorCode);
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Duplicati.Library.Logging.Log.WriteWarningMessage(LOGTAG, "dispose", null, $"Failed to flush data: {errorMessage} (errno: {errorCode})");
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}
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}
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if (m_fileDescriptor >= 0)
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{
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close(m_fileDescriptor);
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m_fileDescriptor = -1;
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}
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m_ioLock.Dispose();
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m_disposed = true;
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}
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/// <inheritdoc />
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public Task<bool> FinalizeAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
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{
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Dispose();
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return Task.FromResult(true);
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}
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/// <inheritdoc />
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public Task<Stream> ReadSectorsAsync(long startSector, int sectorCount, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
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{
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if (!m_initialized)
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throw new InvalidOperationException("Disk not initialized.");
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long offset = startSector * m_sectorSize;
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int length = sectorCount * (int)m_sectorSize;
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return ReadBytesAsync(offset, length, cancellationToken);
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}
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/// <inheritdoc />
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public async Task<Stream> ReadBytesAsync(long offset, int length, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
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{
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// Rent a pooled buffer and read directly into it
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var buffer = ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Rent(length);
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try
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{
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int bytesRead = await ReadBytesAsync(offset, buffer.AsMemory(0, length), cancellationToken);
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return new PooledMemoryStream(buffer, bytesRead);
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}
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catch
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{
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ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Return(buffer);
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throw;
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}
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}
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/// <inheritdoc />
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public async Task<int> ReadBytesAsync(long offset, Memory<byte> destination, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
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{
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if (!m_initialized)
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throw new InvalidOperationException("Disk not initialized.");
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if (m_fileDescriptor < 0)
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throw new InvalidOperationException("Device is not open.");
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int length = destination.Length;
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if (offset % SectorSize != 0)
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throw new InvalidOperationException($"Address {offset:X016} is not a multiple of the sector size {SectorSize}");
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if (length % SectorSize != 0)
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throw new InvalidOperationException($"The requested length of {length} is not a multiple of sector size {SectorSize}");
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if (offset + length > Size)
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throw new InvalidOperationException($"The requested read would read beyond disk size: {offset} + {length} > {Size}");
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await m_ioLock.WaitAsync(cancellationToken);
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try
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{
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// Use pread for atomic position + read
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int totalBytesRead = 0;
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unsafe
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{
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fixed (byte* bufferPtr = destination.Span)
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{
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while (totalBytesRead < length)
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{
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IntPtr bytesRead = pread(m_fileDescriptor, bufferPtr + totalBytesRead, (IntPtr)(length - totalBytesRead), offset + totalBytesRead);
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if (bytesRead.ToInt64() < 0)
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{
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int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
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string errorMessage = System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.GetPInvokeErrorMessage(errorCode);
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throw new IOException($"Failed to read from disk at offset {offset + totalBytesRead}: {errorMessage} (errno: {errorCode})");
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}
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if (bytesRead.ToInt64() == 0)
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{
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// End of file/device
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break;
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}
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totalBytesRead += (int)bytesRead.ToInt64();
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}
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}
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}
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return totalBytesRead;
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}
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finally
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{
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m_ioLock.Release();
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}
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}
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/// <inheritdoc />
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public async Task<int> WriteSectorsAsync(long startSector, byte[] data, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
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{
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if (!m_initialized)
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throw new InvalidOperationException("Disk not initialized.");
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if (!m_writeable)
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throw new InvalidOperationException("Disk not opened for write access.");
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long offset = startSector * m_sectorSize;
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return await WriteBytesAsync(offset, data, cancellationToken);
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}
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/// <inheritdoc />
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public Task<int> WriteBytesAsync(long offset, byte[] data, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
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=> WriteBytesAsync(offset, data.AsMemory(), cancellationToken);
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/// <inheritdoc />
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public async Task<int> WriteBytesAsync(long offset, ReadOnlyMemory<byte> data, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
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{
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if (!m_initialized)
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throw new InvalidOperationException("Disk not initialized.");
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if (!m_writeable)
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throw new InvalidOperationException("Disk not opened for write access.");
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if (m_fileDescriptor < 0)
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throw new InvalidOperationException("Device is not open.");
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int dataLength = data.Length;
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// Pad to sector size if necessary
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int remainder = dataLength % (int)m_sectorSize;
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int alignedLength = remainder == 0
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? dataLength
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: dataLength + ((int)m_sectorSize - remainder);
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await m_ioLock.WaitAsync(cancellationToken);
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try
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{
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byte[]? rentedBuffer = null;
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try
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{
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ReadOnlyMemory<byte> writeData;
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if (remainder != 0)
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{
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// Need to read-modify-write for partial sector
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rentedBuffer = ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Rent(alignedLength);
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// Read existing data
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unsafe
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{
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fixed (byte* bufferPtr = rentedBuffer)
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{
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IntPtr bytesRead = pread(m_fileDescriptor, bufferPtr, (IntPtr)alignedLength, offset);
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if (bytesRead.ToInt64() < 0)
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{
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int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
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string errorMessage = System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.GetPInvokeErrorMessage(errorCode);
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throw new IOException($"Failed to read existing data for padding at offset {offset}: {errorMessage} (errno: {errorCode})");
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}
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}
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}
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// Copy new data over existing data
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data.CopyTo(rentedBuffer);
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writeData = rentedBuffer.AsMemory(0, alignedLength);
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}
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else
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{
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writeData = data;
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}
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// Write data using pwrite
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int totalBytesWritten = 0;
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unsafe
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{
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fixed (byte* bufferPtr = writeData.Span)
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{
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while (totalBytesWritten < alignedLength)
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{
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IntPtr bytesWritten = pwrite(m_fileDescriptor, bufferPtr + totalBytesWritten, (IntPtr)(alignedLength - totalBytesWritten), offset + totalBytesWritten);
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if (bytesWritten.ToInt64() < 0)
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{
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int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
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string errorMessage = System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.GetPInvokeErrorMessage(errorCode);
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string hint = errorCode == 13 // EACCES
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? "The disk may be mounted or you don't have sufficient permissions. Try unmounting the disk before writing."
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: errorCode == 30 // EROFS
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? "The disk is read-only."
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: "Check the error code for more details.";
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throw new IOException($"Failed to write to disk at offset {offset + totalBytesWritten}: {errorMessage} (errno: {errorCode}). {hint}");
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}
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totalBytesWritten += (int)bytesWritten.ToInt64();
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}
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}
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}
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m_shouldFlush = true;
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return totalBytesWritten;
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}
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finally
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{
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if (rentedBuffer != null)
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{
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ArrayPool<byte>.Shared.Return(rentedBuffer);
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}
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}
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}
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finally
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{
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m_ioLock.Release();
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}
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}
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#region P/Invoke Declarations
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[LibraryImport("runtimes/osx/native/libSystem_wrapper.dylib", SetLastError = true)]
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internal static partial int ioctl_uint32(int fd, ulong request, ref uint value);
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[LibraryImport("runtimes/osx/native/libSystem_wrapper.dylib", SetLastError = true)]
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internal static partial int ioctl_uint64(int fd, ulong request, ref ulong value);
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[LibraryImport("runtimes/osx/native/libSystem_wrapper.dylib", SetLastError = true)]
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internal static partial int ioctl_no_arg(int fd, ulong request);
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[LibraryImport("libSystem", SetLastError = true)]
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private static partial int open([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string pathname, int flags);
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[LibraryImport("libSystem", SetLastError = true)]
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private static partial int close(int fd);
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[LibraryImport("libSystem", SetLastError = true)]
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private static unsafe partial IntPtr pread(int fd, byte* buf, IntPtr count, long offset);
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[LibraryImport("libSystem", SetLastError = true)]
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private static unsafe partial IntPtr pwrite(int fd, byte* buf, IntPtr count, long offset);
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#endregion
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/// <inheritdoc />
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public static async IAsyncEnumerable<PhysicalDriveInfo> ListPhysicalDrivesAsync([EnumeratorCancellation] CancellationToken cancellationToken)
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{
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var list = await ProcessRunner.RunProcessAsync("diskutil", "list -plist", 30_000, cancellationToken);
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if (list.ExitCode != 0)
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{
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Duplicati.Library.Logging.Log.WriteErrorMessage(LOGTAG, "listphysicaldrives", null, $"Failed to list physical drives: {list.Error}");
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yield break;
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}
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if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(list.Output))
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yield break;
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XDocument plist;
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try
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{
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plist = XDocument.Parse(list.Output);
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}
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catch (Exception ex)
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{
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Duplicati.Library.Logging.Log.WriteErrorMessage(LOGTAG, "listphysicaldrives", ex, "Failed to parse diskutil list plist output");
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yield break;
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}
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// Parse the plist XML structure
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var rootDict = plist.Element("plist")?.Element("dict");
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if (rootDict == null)
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yield break;
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// Get AllDisksAndPartitions array
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var allDisksAndPartitions = PlistHelper.GetArrayElement(rootDict, "AllDisksAndPartitions");
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if (allDisksAndPartitions == null)
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yield break;
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foreach (var diskElement in allDisksAndPartitions.Elements("dict"))
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{
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var identifier = PlistHelper.GetStringValue(diskElement, "DeviceIdentifier");
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if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(identifier))
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continue;
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// Skip synthesized disks (e.g., APFS containers)
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var isSynthetic = PlistHelper.GetBoolValue(diskElement, "SyntheticDisk");
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if (isSynthetic)
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continue;
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var path = $"{DEVICE_PREFIX}{identifier}";
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var size = PlistHelper.GetLongValue(diskElement, "Size");
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if (size <= 0)
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continue;
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// Get detailed info using diskutil info -plist
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var info = await ProcessRunner.RunProcessAsync("diskutil", $"info -plist {path}", 30_000, cancellationToken);
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if (info.ExitCode != 0)
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{
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Duplicati.Library.Logging.Log.WriteErrorMessage(LOGTAG, "listphysicaldrives", null, $"Failed to get info for {path}: {info.Error}");
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continue;
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}
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string? displayName = null;
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|
string? guid = null;
|
|
try
|
|
{
|
|
var infoDict = PlistHelper.ParsePlistDict(info.Output);
|
|
if (infoDict != null)
|
|
{
|
|
displayName = PlistHelper.GetStringValue(infoDict, "MediaName");
|
|
guid = PlistHelper.GetStringValue(infoDict, "DiskUUID");
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
catch (Exception ex)
|
|
{
|
|
Duplicati.Library.Logging.Log.WriteWarningMessage(LOGTAG, "listphysicaldrives", ex, $"Failed to parse diskutil info plist for {path}");
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Get mount points from partitions
|
|
var mountPoints = new List<string>();
|
|
var partitions = PlistHelper.GetArrayElement(diskElement, "Partitions") ?? PlistHelper.GetArrayElement(diskElement, "APFSVolumes");
|
|
if (partitions != null)
|
|
{
|
|
foreach (var partition in partitions.Elements("dict"))
|
|
{
|
|
var mountPoint = PlistHelper.GetStringValue(partition, "MountPoint");
|
|
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(mountPoint))
|
|
mountPoints.Add(mountPoint);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
var driveInfo = new PhysicalDriveInfo
|
|
{
|
|
Number = identifier,
|
|
Path = path,
|
|
Size = (ulong)size,
|
|
DisplayName = displayName ?? identifier,
|
|
Guid = guid,
|
|
MountPoints = mountPoints.ToArray()
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
yield return driveInfo;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
}
|