Kenneth Skovhede
a7ef8e42f2
This PR is a security hardning change and will break some setups. The hardning is done to ensure the datafolder is not compromised and particularly that it is not maliciously seeded. The changes now **requires** that the datafolder is locked down with exact permissions, or Duplicati will refuse to use it. This is a change to prior functionality where the folder would simply be locked down if it was not already locked. Previously, a file named `insecure-permissions.txt` could be placed in the folder to instruct Duplicati not to set permissions. With this change that file is no longer supported. The only way to opt-out of the permission check is to supply `--allow-insecure-datafolder` or the environment variable `DUPLICATI__ALLOW_INSECURE_DATAFOLDER`. Once either of those are set, Duplicati will no longer check permissions and accept folders with other permissions. The setting can be applied to `preload.json`, but the file needs to be in a trusted location, which is either the directory with the binaries or the file pointed to by `DUPLICATI_PRELOAD_SETTINGS`. The setting cannot be placed in a `preload.json` file that is in an insecure folder as the folder is not read if the permissions are not correct. The previous paths `/usr/local/share/Duplicati/preload.json` and `C:\ProgramData\Duplicati\preload.json` are no longer supported as they cannot be guaranteed to be locked down. A `preload.json` in the datafolder is still supported, provided the folder passes the permission check (or the `--allow-insecure-datafolder` is passed to the executable). For most users, this should not cause any problems as Duplicati has been locking down the folders, so they should be correctly locked down already. The configuretool has been updated with a `secure-datafolder` command that can be used to force the correct permissions on a folder, in case the folder did not have the correct permissions. For some Docker setups it may not be possible to set the permissions and the check will fail. These setup will need to apply `DUPLICATI__ALLOW_INSECURE_DATAFOLDER=true` in the image to run without the protections.
568 lines
27 KiB
C#
568 lines
27 KiB
C#
// Copyright (C) 2026, The Duplicati Team
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// https://duplicati.com, hello@duplicati.com
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//
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// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
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// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
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// to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
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// the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
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// and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
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// Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
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//
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// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
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// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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//
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// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
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// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
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// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
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// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
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// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
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// FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
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// DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
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using Duplicati.Library.AutoUpdater;
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using Duplicati.Library.Common.IO;
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using Duplicati.Service;
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using Microsoft.Win32;
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using System;
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using System.Linq;
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using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
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using System.Runtime.Versioning;
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namespace Duplicati.WindowsService
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{
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[SupportedOSPlatform("windows")]
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public class ServiceControl : System.ServiceProcess.ServiceBase
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{
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private const string LOG_SOURCE = "Duplicati Service";
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private const string LOG_NAME = "Duplicati 2";
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private const string SERVER_LOG_NAME = "Duplicati 2:Duplicati Server";
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private const string AGENT_LOG_NAME = "Duplicati 2:Duplicati Agent";
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public const string SERVICE_NAME = "Duplicati";
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public const string DISPLAY_NAME = "Duplicati service";
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public const string SERVICE_DESCRIPTION = "Duplicati running as a Windows Service";
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public const string SERVICE_NAME_AGENT = "Duplicati.Agent";
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public const string DISPLAY_NAME_AGENT = "Duplicati Agent service";
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public const string SERVICE_DESCRIPTION_AGENT = "The Duplicati Agent service";
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/// <summary>
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/// Registry key holding the one-shot init password written by the
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/// MSI installer. The value is readable only by SYSTEM and
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/// Administrators (the MSI hardens the ACL via
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/// MsiLockPermissionsEx). On first start of the service we promote
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/// it to a process-scoped environment variable for the child
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/// Duplicati.Server.exe (which the option-loader maps to
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/// --webservice-password).
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/// After the server has stayed up for a few seconds we delete the
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/// value so the password no longer lives on disk.
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/// </summary>
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internal const string INIT_REGISTRY_KEY = @"SOFTWARE\DuplicatiTeam\Duplicati\Service";
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/// <summary>
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/// The name of the registry value holding the init password.
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/// </summary>
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internal const string INIT_REGISTRY_VALUE = "InitPassword";
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/// <summary>
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/// The name of the registry value holding the reset password.
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/// </summary>
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internal const string RESET_REGISTRY_VALUE = "ResetPassword";
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/// <summary>
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/// The name of the registry value holding the TLS certs install/uninstall instruction.
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/// </summary>
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internal const string TLS_CERTS_REGISTRY_VALUE = "TlsCertsOption";
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/// <summary>
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/// The name of the registry value holding the secure-datafolder instruction.
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/// </summary>
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internal const string SECURE_DATAFOLDER_REGISTRY_VALUE = "SecureDataFolder";
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/// <summary>
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/// Separate registry key for the BootstrapApplied sentinel. This key
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/// retains its default inheritable ACL (Authenticated Users have
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/// Read), unlike INIT_REGISTRY_KEY which is locked down to admins
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/// because it briefly holds the password. The sentinel only stores
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/// "1" with no secret content, so read access for non-admin users
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/// is fine - and is required because the MSI's CheckBootstrapResult
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/// CA polls this value from the un-elevated UI process.
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/// </summary>
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private const string SERVICE_STATE_REGISTRY_KEY = @"SOFTWARE\DuplicatiTeam\Duplicati\InstallState";
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/// <summary>
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/// Sentinel value the installer (CheckBootstrapResult) polls for to
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/// confirm that the service actually applied the password. We write
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/// "1" once we have successfully deleted InitPassword. The installer
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/// removes any pre-existing copy at the start of WriteServicePassword
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/// so this is always a fresh signal.
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/// </summary>
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private const string BOOTSTRAP_APPLIED_VALUE = "BootstrapApplied";
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private readonly System.Diagnostics.EventLog m_eventLog;
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private readonly object m_lock = new object();
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private Runner m_runner = null;
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private readonly string[] m_cmdargs;
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private readonly bool m_verbose_messages;
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private readonly PackageHelper.NamedExecutable m_executable;
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public ServiceControl(string[] args, PackageHelper.NamedExecutable executable)
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{
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m_executable = executable;
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this.ServiceName = executable == PackageHelper.NamedExecutable.Agent
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? SERVICE_NAME_AGENT
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: SERVICE_NAME;
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if (!System.Diagnostics.EventLog.SourceExists(LOG_SOURCE))
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System.Diagnostics.EventLog.CreateEventSource(LOG_SOURCE, LOG_NAME);
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m_eventLog = new System.Diagnostics.EventLog
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{
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Source = LOG_SOURCE,
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Log = LOG_NAME
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};
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m_verbose_messages = args != null && args.Any(x => string.Equals("--debug-service", x, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
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m_cmdargs = (args ?? new string[0]).Where(x => !string.Equals("--debug-service", x, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)).ToArray();
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}
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protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
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{
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DoStart(args);
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}
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protected override void OnStop()
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{
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DoStop();
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}
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protected override void OnShutdown()
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{
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DoStop();
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}
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private void DoStart(string[] args)
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{
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var startargs = (args ?? [])
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.Union(m_cmdargs ?? [])
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.ToArray();
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if (!startargs.Any(x => x.StartsWith("--windows-eventlog=", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
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startargs = startargs.Union(new string[] { "--windows-eventlog=" + (
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m_executable == PackageHelper.NamedExecutable.Agent
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? AGENT_LOG_NAME
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: SERVER_LOG_NAME)
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}).ToArray();
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// Pick up the one-shot init password planted by the MSI installer,
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// the certificate control command,
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// or the reset password planted by the reset-password command,
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// (only relevant for the Server service, not the Agent service).
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string resetPassword = null;
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if (m_executable == PackageHelper.NamedExecutable.Server)
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{
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ReadAndExecuteTlsCertsCommandFromRegistry();
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ReadAndExecuteSecureDataFolderCommandFromRegistry();
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ReadAndExecuteInitPasswordFromRegistry();
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resetPassword = ConsumeResetPasswordFromRegistry();
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}
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if (m_verbose_messages)
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry("Starting...");
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lock (m_lock)
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if (m_runner == null)
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{
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if (m_verbose_messages)
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry("Set start time to 30 seconds...");
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var sv = new ServiceStatus()
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{
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dwCurrentState = ServiceState.SERVICE_START_PENDING,
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dwWaitHint = (uint)TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30).TotalMilliseconds
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};
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SetServiceStatus(this.ServiceHandle, ref sv);
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if (m_verbose_messages)
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry("Starting runner...");
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m_runner = new Runner(
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m_executable,
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startargs,
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true,
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() =>
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{
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if (m_verbose_messages)
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry("Started!");
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var sv2 = new ServiceStatus()
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{
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dwCurrentState = ServiceState.SERVICE_RUNNING
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};
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SetServiceStatus(this.ServiceHandle, ref sv2);
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},
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() =>
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{
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if (m_verbose_messages)
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry("Stopped!");
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var sv2 = new ServiceStatus()
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{
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dwCurrentState = ServiceState.SERVICE_STOPPED
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};
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SetServiceStatus(this.ServiceHandle, ref sv2);
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base.Stop();
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},
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(msg, important) =>
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{
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if (important || m_verbose_messages)
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry(msg);
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},
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(startInfo) =>
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{
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// If we have a reset password, pass it to the server once
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if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(resetPassword) && startInfo != null)
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{
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startInfo.EnvironmentVariables["DUPLICATI__WEBSERVICE_PASSWORD"] = resetPassword;
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resetPassword = null;
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}
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}
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);
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}
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}
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private void DoStop()
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{
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if (m_verbose_messages)
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry("Stopping...");
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lock (m_lock)
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if (m_runner != null)
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{
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if (m_verbose_messages)
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry("Calling stop...");
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var sv = new ServiceStatus()
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{
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dwCurrentState = ServiceState.SERVICE_STOP_PENDING,
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dwWaitHint = (uint)TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5).TotalMilliseconds
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};
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SetServiceStatus(this.ServiceHandle, ref sv);
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if (m_verbose_messages)
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry("Soft stop invoked...");
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m_runner.Stop();
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}
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}
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private enum ServiceState : uint
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{
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SERVICE_STOPPED = 0x00000001,
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SERVICE_START_PENDING = 0x00000002,
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SERVICE_STOP_PENDING = 0x00000003,
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SERVICE_RUNNING = 0x00000004,
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SERVICE_CONTINUE_PENDING = 0x00000005,
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SERVICE_PAUSE_PENDING = 0x00000006,
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SERVICE_PAUSED = 0x00000007,
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}
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[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
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private struct ServiceStatus
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{
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public readonly uint dwServiceType;
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public ServiceState dwCurrentState;
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public readonly uint dwControlsAccepted;
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public readonly uint dwWin32ExitCode;
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public readonly uint dwServiceSpecificExitCode;
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public readonly uint dwCheckPoint;
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public uint dwWaitHint;
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};
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[DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
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private static extern bool SetServiceStatus(IntPtr handle, ref ServiceStatus serviceStatus);
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private void ReadAndExecuteTlsCertsCommandFromRegistry()
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{
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try
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{
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using (var key = ServiceRegistryKey.OpenIfTrusted(writable: true, out var reason))
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{
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if (key == null)
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{
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if (reason != null && reason != "key-missing")
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry(
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$"Refusing to process TLS certs registry command: {reason}",
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System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Warning);
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return;
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}
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var raw = key.GetValue(TLS_CERTS_REGISTRY_VALUE);
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if (raw == null)
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return;
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var value = raw as string;
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if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
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return;
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var installDir = UpdaterManager.INSTALLATIONDIR;
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var exeName = PackageHelper.GetExecutableName(PackageHelper.NamedExecutable.ConfigureTool);
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string configureToolExe = System.IO.Path.Combine(installDir, exeName);
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if (System.IO.File.Exists(configureToolExe))
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{
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var startInfo = new System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo
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{
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FileName = configureToolExe,
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UseShellExecute = false,
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CreateNoWindow = true,
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RedirectStandardOutput = true,
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RedirectStandardError = true
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};
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if (string.Equals(value, "install", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
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{
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startInfo.Arguments = "https generate --auto-create-database";
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry("Running ConfigureTool to generate TLS certificates.", System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Information);
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}
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else if (string.Equals(value, "uninstall", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
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{
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startInfo.Arguments = "https remove";
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry("Running ConfigureTool to remove TLS certificates.", System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Information);
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}
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else
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{
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry($"Unknown TLS certs command: {value}", System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Warning);
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return;
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}
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using (var process = new System.Diagnostics.Process { StartInfo = startInfo })
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{
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var outputBuilder = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
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var errorBuilder = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
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if (m_verbose_messages)
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{
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process.OutputDataReceived += (s, e) => { if (e.Data != null) outputBuilder.AppendLine(e.Data); };
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process.ErrorDataReceived += (s, e) => { if (e.Data != null) errorBuilder.AppendLine(e.Data); };
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}
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if (process.Start())
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{
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if (m_verbose_messages)
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{
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process.BeginOutputReadLine();
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process.BeginErrorReadLine();
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}
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var timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(60);
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if (process.WaitForExit(timeout))
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{
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process.WaitForExit(); // Ensure async streams are fully read
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if (process.ExitCode != 0)
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry($"ConfigureTool failed with exit code {process.ExitCode}", System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Warning);
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if (m_verbose_messages)
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry($"ConfigureTool output was:.\n\nSTDOUT:\n{outputBuilder}\n\nSTDERR:\n{errorBuilder}", System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Information);
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}
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else
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{
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry($"ConfigureTool timed out after {timeout.TotalSeconds} seconds.", System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Warning);
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try { process.Kill(); } catch { }
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}
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}
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}
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}
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else
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{
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry("ConfigureTool not found, cannot configure TLS certificates.", System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Warning);
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}
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key.DeleteValue(TLS_CERTS_REGISTRY_VALUE, throwOnMissingValue: false);
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}
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}
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catch (Exception ex)
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{
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry("Failed to process TLS certs registry command: " + ex.Message, System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Warning);
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}
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// Reads the secure-datafolder instruction from the registry if present, and directly
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/// restricts the permissions on the data folder to the current user (SYSTEM),
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/// Administrators only. The registry value is always deleted after being read,
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/// regardless of success.
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/// </summary>
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private void ReadAndExecuteSecureDataFolderCommandFromRegistry()
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{
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try
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{
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using (var key = ServiceRegistryKey.OpenIfTrusted(writable: true, out var reason))
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{
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if (key == null)
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{
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if (reason != null && reason != "key-missing")
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry(
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$"Refusing to process secure-datafolder registry command: {reason}",
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System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Warning);
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return;
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}
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var raw = key.GetValue(SECURE_DATAFOLDER_REGISTRY_VALUE);
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if (raw == null)
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return;
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var value = raw as string;
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if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
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return;
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// Always delete the registry value after reading it
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key.DeleteValue(SECURE_DATAFOLDER_REGISTRY_VALUE, throwOnMissingValue: false);
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// Only the "apply" instruction is supported; any other value is ignored
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if (!string.Equals(value, "apply", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
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{
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry($"Unknown secure-datafolder command: {value}", System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Warning);
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return;
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}
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// Resolve the data folder in probe mode so we don't create it or trigger the
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// security check — we just need the path to lock down the permissions.
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var dataFolder = DataFolderManager.GetDataFolder(DataFolderManager.AccessMode.ProbeOnly);
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if (!System.IO.Directory.Exists(dataFolder))
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{
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry($"Data folder '{dataFolder}' does not exist, cannot secure it.", System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Warning);
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return;
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}
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry($"Securing data folder: {dataFolder}", System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Information);
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try
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{
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SystemIO.IO_OS.DirectorySetPermissionUserRWOnly(dataFolder);
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// Verify the permissions were actually set correctly
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if (SystemIO.IO_OS.DirectoryHasPermissionUserRWOnly(dataFolder, out var detail))
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry("Data folder permissions restricted to SYSTEM and Administrators only.", System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Information);
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else
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry($"Data folder permissions could not be verified after applying: {detail}", System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Warning);
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}
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catch (Exception ex)
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{
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry($"Failed to set permissions on data folder '{dataFolder}': {ex.Message}", System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Warning);
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}
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}
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}
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catch (Exception ex)
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{
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry("Failed to process secure-datafolder registry command: " + ex.Message, System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Warning);
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}
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// Reads the initial password from the registry if present, and then starts the server with the password.
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/// If the password is present, it is removed from the registry after the server has started.
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/// Starting the server with the password will cause the server to reset the password to the new value,
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/// and then immediately exit with exit code 0 if the password was reset successfully.
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/// </summary>
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private void ReadAndExecuteInitPasswordFromRegistry()
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{
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try
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{
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if (m_verbose_messages)
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m_eventLog.WriteEntry("Checking for init password in registry...", System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Information);
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using (var key = ServiceRegistryKey.OpenIfTrusted(writable: true, out var reason))
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{
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if (key == null)
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{
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if (reason != null && reason != "key-missing")
|
|
m_eventLog.WriteEntry(
|
|
$"Refusing to consume init password: {reason}",
|
|
System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Warning);
|
|
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
var rawPwd = key.GetValue(INIT_REGISTRY_VALUE);
|
|
if (rawPwd != null)
|
|
{
|
|
var password = rawPwd as string;
|
|
var success = false;
|
|
|
|
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(password))
|
|
{
|
|
m_eventLog.WriteEntry("Found init password in registry, applying...", System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Information);
|
|
|
|
if (m_verbose_messages)
|
|
m_eventLog.WriteEntry($"Starting server in-process to apply init password...", System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Information);
|
|
|
|
try
|
|
{
|
|
var res = Server.Program.Main(["--webservice-password-init=" + password]);
|
|
if (res == Server.Program.EXITCODE_INITPASSWORD_SUCCESS)
|
|
success = true;
|
|
}
|
|
catch (Exception ex)
|
|
{
|
|
m_eventLog.WriteEntry($"Exception from applying init password: {ex.Message}", System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Warning);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (m_verbose_messages)
|
|
m_eventLog.WriteEntry($"Result from applying init password: {success}", System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Information);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Always delete the InitPassword key if found
|
|
key.DeleteValue(INIT_REGISTRY_VALUE, throwOnMissingValue: false);
|
|
|
|
// Always write sentinel if the key was present.
|
|
// This is not locked down because the MSI must be able to read it.
|
|
using (var stateView = RegistryKey.OpenBaseKey(RegistryHive.LocalMachine, RegistryView.Registry64))
|
|
using (var stateKey = stateView.CreateSubKey(SERVICE_STATE_REGISTRY_KEY, writable: true))
|
|
stateKey.SetValue(BOOTSTRAP_APPLIED_VALUE, success ? "1" : "0", RegistryValueKind.String);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
catch (Exception ex)
|
|
{
|
|
m_eventLog.WriteEntry("Failed to apply init password: " + ex.Message, System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Warning);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/// <summary>
|
|
/// Reads the reset password from the registry if present, and then returns it.
|
|
/// If the password is present, it is removed from the registry after being read.
|
|
/// </summary>
|
|
private string ConsumeResetPasswordFromRegistry()
|
|
{
|
|
try
|
|
{
|
|
if (m_verbose_messages)
|
|
m_eventLog.WriteEntry("Checking for reset password in registry...", System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Information);
|
|
|
|
using (var key = ServiceRegistryKey.OpenIfTrusted(writable: true, out var reason))
|
|
{
|
|
if (key == null)
|
|
{
|
|
if (reason != null && reason != "key-missing")
|
|
m_eventLog.WriteEntry(
|
|
$"Refusing to consume reset password: {reason}",
|
|
System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Warning);
|
|
return null;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
var rawPwd = key.GetValue(RESET_REGISTRY_VALUE);
|
|
key.DeleteValue(RESET_REGISTRY_VALUE, throwOnMissingValue: false);
|
|
|
|
if (m_verbose_messages)
|
|
m_eventLog.WriteEntry($"Found reset password in registry: {rawPwd as string != null}", System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Information);
|
|
|
|
if (rawPwd != null)
|
|
{
|
|
var password = rawPwd as string;
|
|
if (m_verbose_messages && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(password))
|
|
m_eventLog.WriteEntry($"Found reset password in registry, applying", System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Information);
|
|
return string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(password) ? null : password;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
catch (Exception ex)
|
|
{
|
|
m_eventLog.WriteEntry("Failed to read reset password: " + ex.Message, System.Diagnostics.EventLogEntryType.Warning);
|
|
}
|
|
return null;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|