Files
duplicati/proprietary/DiskImage/Partition/MBR.cs
T

324 lines
11 KiB
C#

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Duplicati.Proprietary.DiskImage;
using Duplicati.Proprietary.DiskImage.Raw;
namespace Duplicati.Proprietary.DiskImage.Partition;
/// <summary>
/// Represents an MBR (Master Boot Record) partition table.
/// MBR is the traditional partition table format used on BIOS-based systems.
/// </summary>
public class MBR : IPartitionTable
{
// Constants for MBR parsing
private const int MbrSize = 512;
private const int PartitionEntrySize = 16;
private const int MaxPartitionEntries = 4;
private const ushort MbrBootSignature = 0xAA55;
// Internal state
private bool m_parsed = false;
private bool m_disposed = false;
// MBR Header fields
private ushort m_mbrBootSignature;
private List<MBRPartitionEntry>? m_partitionEntries;
// Additional tracking
private IRawDisk? m_rawDisk;
private byte[]? m_mbrBytes;
private long m_bytesPerSector;
// Partition storage
private List<IPartition>? m_partitions;
public MBR() { }
// IPartitionTable implementation
public IRawDisk? RawDisk { get; private set; }
public PartitionTableType TableType => PartitionTableType.MBR;
public async Task<bool> ParseAsync(IRawDisk disk, CancellationToken token)
{
m_bytesPerSector = disk.SectorSize;
// Read the MBR (LBA 0)
m_mbrBytes = new byte[MbrSize];
using var bytestream = await disk.ReadBytesAsync(0, MbrSize, token).ConfigureAwait(false);
await bytestream.ReadAtLeastAsync(m_mbrBytes, MbrSize, cancellationToken: token).ConfigureAwait(false);
var result = await ParseMBRBytesAsync(m_mbrBytes, token).ConfigureAwait(false);
if (result)
{
RawDisk = disk;
m_rawDisk = disk;
}
return result;
}
public async Task<bool> ParseAsync(byte[] bytes, int sectorSize, CancellationToken token)
{
m_bytesPerSector = sectorSize;
// Read MBR from the first sector
m_mbrBytes = bytes[0..sectorSize];
return await ParseMBRBytesAsync(m_mbrBytes, token).ConfigureAwait(false);
}
private async Task<bool> ParseMBRBytesAsync(byte[] bytes, CancellationToken token)
{
if (bytes.Length < MbrSize)
throw new ArgumentException($"Byte array must be at least {MbrSize} bytes long.", nameof(bytes));
// Read boot signature (2 bytes at offset 510)
m_mbrBootSignature = BitConverter.ToUInt16(bytes, 510);
// Verify boot signature
if (m_mbrBootSignature != MbrBootSignature)
return false;
m_partitionEntries = [];
// Parse partition entries (64 bytes starting at offset 446)
for (int i = 0; i < MaxPartitionEntries; i++)
{
token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
int offset = 446 + (i * PartitionEntrySize);
var entry = ParsePartitionEntry(bytes, offset, i + 1);
if (entry != null)
{
m_partitionEntries.Add(entry);
// Add to partitions list for IPartitionTable implementation
if (m_partitions == null)
m_partitions = [];
m_partitions.Add(new MBRPartition
{
PartitionNumber = i + 1,
Type = entry.PartitionType,
StartOffset = entry.StartLBA * m_bytesPerSector,
Size = entry.SizeInSectors * m_bytesPerSector,
Name = $"Partition {i + 1}",
FilesystemType = DetermineFilesystemType(entry),
VolumeGuid = null,
RawDisk = m_rawDisk,
StartingLba = entry.StartLBA,
EndingLba = entry.StartLBA + entry.SizeInSectors - 1
});
}
}
m_parsed = true;
return true;
}
private MBRPartitionEntry? ParsePartitionEntry(byte[] bytes, int offset, int entryNumber)
{
// Read partition type byte
byte partitionType = bytes[offset];
// Skip empty entries
if (partitionType == 0)
return null;
// Read CHS values (not commonly used, but we store them)
byte startHead = bytes[offset + 1];
byte startSector = bytes[offset + 2];
ushort startCylinder = (ushort)(((bytes[offset + 3] & 0xC0) << 2) | bytes[offset + 2]);
byte endHead = bytes[offset + 5];
byte endSector = bytes[offset + 6];
ushort endCylinder = (ushort)(((bytes[offset + 7] & 0xC0) << 2) | bytes[offset + 6]);
// Read LBA values (more reliable than CHS)
uint startLBA = BitConverter.ToUInt32(bytes, offset + 8);
uint sizeInSectors = BitConverter.ToUInt32(bytes, offset + 12);
// Skip entries with zero size
if (sizeInSectors == 0)
return null;
return new MBRPartitionEntry
{
EntryNumber = entryNumber,
PartitionType = DeterminePartitionType(partitionType),
PartitionTypeByte = partitionType,
StartLBA = startLBA,
SizeInSectors = sizeInSectors,
StartHead = startHead,
StartSector = startSector,
StartCylinder = startCylinder,
EndHead = endHead,
EndSector = endSector,
EndCylinder = endCylinder
};
}
private static PartitionType DeterminePartitionType(byte typeByte)
{
// MBR partition type byte mappings
return typeByte switch
{
0x01 => PartitionType.Primary, // FAT12
0x04 => PartitionType.Primary, // FAT16 (less than 32MB)
0x06 => PartitionType.Primary, // FAT16
0x07 => PartitionType.Primary, // NTFS or IFS
0x0B => PartitionType.Primary, // FAT32 (CHS)
0x0C => PartitionType.Primary, // FAT32 (LBA)
0x0E => PartitionType.Primary, // FAT16 (LBA)
0x0F => PartitionType.Extended, // Extended (LBA)
0x11 => PartitionType.Primary, // Hidden FAT12 (CHS)
0x14 => PartitionType.Primary, // Hidden FAT16 (CHS, less than 32MB)
0x16 => PartitionType.Primary, // Hidden FAT16
0x17 => PartitionType.Primary, // Hidden NTFS
0x1B => PartitionType.Primary, // Hidden FAT32 (CHS)
0x1C => PartitionType.Primary, // Hidden FAT32 (LBA)
0x1E => PartitionType.Primary, // Hidden FAT16 (LBA)
0x5 => PartitionType.Extended, // Extended (CHS)
0x85 => PartitionType.Logical, // Linux extended
0x8E => PartitionType.Primary, // Linux LVM
0xEE => PartitionType.Protective, // GPT protective
0xEF => PartitionType.EFI, // EFI System Partition
0xFD => PartitionType.Primary, // Linux RAID
_ => PartitionType.Unknown
};
}
private static FileSystemType DetermineFilesystemType(MBRPartitionEntry entry)
{
// Determine filesystem type based on partition type byte
return entry.PartitionTypeByte switch
{
0x01 or 0x11 or 0x81 => FileSystemType.FAT12,
0x04 or 0x06 or 0x0E or 0x14 or 0x16 or 0x1E => FileSystemType.FAT16,
0x0B or 0x0C or 0x1B or 0x1C => FileSystemType.FAT32,
0x07 or 0x17 => FileSystemType.NTFS,
0xEF => FileSystemType.Unknown, // EFI System Partition, actual FS unknown
_ => FileSystemType.Unknown
};
}
// MBR-specific properties
public ushort MbrBootSignatureValue => m_parsed ? m_mbrBootSignature : throw new InvalidOperationException("MBR not parsed.");
public int NumPartitionEntries => m_parsed ? (m_partitionEntries?.Count ?? 0) : throw new InvalidOperationException("MBR not parsed.");
// IPartitionTable methods
public async IAsyncEnumerable<IPartition> EnumeratePartitions([System.Runtime.CompilerServices.EnumeratorCancellation] CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
if (!m_parsed)
throw new InvalidOperationException("MBR not parsed.");
if (m_partitions != null)
{
foreach (var partition in m_partitions)
{
cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
yield return partition;
}
}
}
public async Task<IPartition?> GetPartitionAsync(int partitionNumber, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
if (!m_parsed)
throw new InvalidOperationException("MBR not parsed.");
if (m_partitions == null)
return null;
if (partitionNumber >= 1 && partitionNumber <= m_partitions.Count)
return m_partitions[partitionNumber - 1];
return null;
}
public Task<Stream> GetProtectiveMbrAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
// MBR doesn't have a protective MBR - it IS the MBR
throw new NotSupportedException("MBR partition tables do not have a protective MBR. Use GetPartitionAsync instead.");
}
public void Dispose()
{
Dispose(true);
GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
}
protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (!m_disposed)
{
if (disposing)
{
m_mbrBytes = null;
m_rawDisk = null;
if (m_partitions != null)
{
foreach (var partition in m_partitions)
partition.Dispose();
m_partitions = null;
}
}
m_disposed = true;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Represents an MBR partition entry.
/// </summary>
private class MBRPartitionEntry
{
public int EntryNumber { get; init; }
public PartitionType PartitionType { get; init; }
public byte PartitionTypeByte { get; init; }
public uint StartLBA { get; init; }
public uint SizeInSectors { get; init; }
public byte StartHead { get; init; }
public byte StartSector { get; init; }
public ushort StartCylinder { get; init; }
public byte EndHead { get; init; }
public byte EndSector { get; init; }
public ushort EndCylinder { get; init; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Represents an MBR partition.
/// </summary>
private class MBRPartition : IPartition
{
public int PartitionNumber { get; init; }
public PartitionType Type { get; init; }
public long StartOffset { get; init; }
public long Size { get; init; }
public string? Name { get; init; }
public FileSystemType FilesystemType { get; init; }
public Guid? VolumeGuid { get; init; }
public IRawDisk? RawDisk { get; init; }
public long StartingLba { get; init; }
public long EndingLba { get; init; }
public long Attributes { get; init; }
public Task<Stream> OpenReadAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
if (RawDisk == null)
throw new InvalidOperationException("RawDisk not available.");
return RawDisk.ReadBytesAsync(StartOffset, (int)Math.Min(Size, int.MaxValue), cancellationToken);
}
public void Dispose()
{
// No unmanaged resources to dispose
}
}
}