web: default subtitle background style to Box 75%

Matches the Apple clients' default so a profile with no saved appearance
renders the same on every client. (Android's default remains None and is
tracked separately.)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_0146hwg1Q15YdeUhd9f37NWA

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+github: quick104

.gitignore

@@ -64,10 +64,13 @@ logs/
 .playwright-mcp/
 demo/
 docker-compose.dev.yml
+docker-compose.local.yml
 # Local-only deployment override (unpublishes bundled redis/postgres host
 # ports via `ports: !override []`). Kept out of git so a rebase from main
 # never disturbs it and it never lands in a PR; its absence once exposed
 # Redis to the internet, so it must persist on the box.
 docker-compose.override.yml
+# Local compose customization layered onto docker-compose.yml by make dev-deploy.
+docker-compose.local.yml
 .playwright-cli/
 output/

DEVELOPMENT.md

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+# Developing Silo
+
+This document covers building, running, and contributing to the Silo server. If you just want to run Silo, see the [README](README.md).
+
+See [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) for contribution expectations, merge request guidance, and the policy for AI-assisted submissions.
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+- **Go** 1.24+
+- **Bun** 1.0+
+- **PostgreSQL** 18+
+- **FFmpeg** (for transcoding support)
+
+## Local Development
+
+Local development remains intentionally separate from the deploy-oriented compose setup. Use [docker-compose.yml](docker-compose.yml) for local services and the source-build workflow below.
+
+```sh
+# Start local PostgreSQL and Redis
+docker compose up -d postgres redis
+
+# Run the frontend dev server (hot reload, proxies API to :8090)
+make dev-frontend
+
+# Run the Go backend
+make dev-backend
+```
+
+The main compose file expects `MEDIA_ROOT` to be set even if you only want the bundled PostgreSQL and Redis services, so set that in `.env` first (`cp .env.example .env`).
+
+If you are developing `Silo` and `silo-plugin-sdk` together, keep using the local [`go.work`](go.work) workspace. That workspace is a developer convenience only. CI and release builds run with `GOWORK=off`, so any new SDK helper used here must be pushed and tagged in `silo-plugin-sdk` before this repo can merge or release the change.
+
+Plugin authors should start with [docs/architecture/plugin-development.md](docs/architecture/plugin-development.md), which covers the RPC plugin package format, generated proto workflow, SDK import paths, route and asset exposure, and auth or user-config integration points.
+
+## Make Targets
+
+| Target | Description |
+|---|---|
+| `make build` | Build frontend + Go binary |
+| `make frontend` | Build frontend only |
+| `make dev-frontend` | Vite dev server with HMR |
+| `make dev-backend` | Run Go backend (integrated mode) |
+| `make dev-proxy` | Run a standalone proxy node |
+| `make dev-transcode` | Run a standalone transcode node |
+| `make migrate-create NAME=add_thing` | Create a timestamped Goose SQL migration |
+| `make migrate-validate` | Validate Goose migration files without touching a database |
+| `make migrate-status` | Show Goose migration status using Silo's bootstrapping runner |
+| `make migrate-up` | Apply pending Goose migrations using Silo's bootstrapping runner |
+| `make clean` | Remove build artifacts |
+
+## Database Migrations
+
+PostgreSQL schema migrations are managed by Goose. Migration SQL files live in
+`migrations/sql/` and use Goose annotations. Converted legacy migrations keep
+their original numeric versions so existing `schema_versions` rows can bootstrap
+cleanly into Goose without replaying old SQL. New migrations should be created
+with timestamped filenames:
+
+```sh
+make migrate-create NAME=add_thing
+make migrate-validate
+```
+
+Do not run `goose fix`; timestamped migrations are the repository policy because
+they avoid version collisions across parallel PRs. The existing `001`-style
+files are historical compatibility records, not the naming pattern for new work.
+Runtime migrations are applied by the integrated/API server only. Proxy and
+transcode modes never mutate schema.
+For existing installs, use `make migrate-status` and `make migrate-up` rather
+than invoking the Goose CLI directly; those targets copy legacy
+`schema_versions` rows into `public.goose_db_version` under the migration lock
+before reading or applying migrations. Set `ENV_FILE=path/to/.env` when the
+database URL should be read from a non-default env file.
+
+## Running Tests
+
+```sh
+# Go tests (uses testcontainers — Docker must be running)
+go test ./...
+
+# Frontend tests
+cd web && bun test
+```
+
+## Linting
+
+```sh
+# Go
+golangci-lint run
+
+# Frontend
+cd web && bun run lint
+cd web && bun run format:check
+```
+
+## Project Structure
+
+```
+cmd/silo/       Entry point
+internal/
+  api/               HTTP router, handlers, middleware
+  auth/              JWT authentication and sessions
+  catalog/           Media item, episode, season repositories
+  config/            YAML + env var configuration
+  jellycompat/       Jellyfin/Emby protocol compatibility
+  metadata/          Plugin-driven metadata matching and enrichment
+  playback/          Direct play, remux, transcode session management
+  scanner/           Media file discovery and FFProbe
+  worker/            Background jobs (scan, match, reconcile)
+web/                 React + TypeScript frontend (Vite, Tailwind, shadcn/ui)
+migrations/sql/      Goose-managed PostgreSQL schema migrations
+```

README.md

@@ -1,8 +1,17 @@
 # Silo
 
-A self-hosted media streaming server with a React frontend and Go backend. Supports direct play, remuxing, and hardware-accelerated transcoding. Includes optional Jellyfin/Emby-compatible app support for clients such as VidHub and Findroid.
+Silo is a self-hosted media streaming server for your movies, shows, music, and books. Point it at your media folders and stream to your devices — at home or away — with direct play, remuxing, and hardware-accelerated transcoding handled automatically.
 
-Join the community on [Discord](https://discord.gg/4RxuUQAEnW).
+Join the community on [Discord](https://discord.gg/4RxuUQAEnW). If Silo is useful to you, consider [sponsoring the project](https://github.com/sponsors/quick104) — see [Supporting Silo](#supporting-silo).
+
+## Highlights
+
+- **Plays your media, your way** — direct play when the device supports it, remux or hardware-accelerated transcode (including NVENC) when it doesn't.
+- **Web app included** — a full-featured web client and admin interface ship with the server.
+- **Works with apps you already use** — optional Jellyfin/Emby-compatible API supports clients such as VidHub, Findroid, and Infuse.
+- **Household profiles** — multiple profiles per account, with per-profile watch state and parental controls.
+- **Plugin-driven metadata** — match and enrich your libraries with providers like TMDB and TVDB, installed as plugins.
+- **Fast setup** — one `docker compose up -d` brings up the whole stack; everything else is configured in the admin UI.
 
 ## Deploy with Docker (recommended)
 
@@ -105,165 +114,6 @@ Silo is externally stateful by default rather than fully stateless. Durable appl
 Migrating an existing Continuum Docker install should be done with the preflight
 helper and cutover guide in [docs/continuum-to-silo-docker-migration.md](docs/continuum-to-silo-docker-migration.md).
 
-## Build from Source
-
-### Prerequisites
-
-- **Go** 1.24+
-- **Bun** 1.0+
-- **PostgreSQL** 18+
-- **FFmpeg** (for transcoding support)
-
-### Quick Start
-
-1. **Start PostgreSQL** (skip if you already have one running)
-
-   ```sh
-   docker compose up -d postgres redis
-   ```
-
-   The main compose file still expects `MEDIA_ROOT` to be set even if you only want the bundled PostgreSQL and Redis services, so set that in `.env` first.
-
-2. **Configure the database connection**
-
-   ```sh
-   cp .env.example .env
-   ```
-
-   Edit `.env` and set `DATABASE_URL` to point to your PostgreSQL instance.
-
-3. **Build and run**
-
-   ```sh
-   make build
-   ./silo
-   ```
-
-   The server starts at `http://localhost:8080` by default. All other settings are configured through the admin UI.
-
-## Development
-
-Local development remains intentionally separate from the deploy-oriented compose setup. Use [docker-compose.yml](docker-compose.yml) and the existing source-build workflow for local development.
-
-```sh
-# Run the frontend dev server (hot reload, proxies API to :8090)
-make dev-frontend
-
-# Run the Go backend
-make dev-backend
-```
-
-If you are developing `Silo` and `silo-plugin-sdk` together, keep using the local [`go.work`](go.work) workspace. That workspace is a developer convenience only. CI and release builds run with `GOWORK=off`, so any new SDK helper used here must be pushed and tagged in `silo-plugin-sdk` before this repo can merge or release the change.
-
-See [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) for contribution expectations, merge request guidance, and the policy for AI-assisted submissions.
-
-Plugin authors should start with [docs/architecture/plugin-development.md](docs/architecture/plugin-development.md), which covers the RPC plugin package format, generated proto workflow, SDK import paths, route and asset exposure, and auth or user-config integration points.
-
-## Reporting Issues
-
-If you are reporting a bug, install problem, or performance issue, start with the admin workflow and reproduction steps, not Claude/Codex analysis.
-
-Please include:
-
-- What you were trying to do
-- Exact steps you took
-- What you expected to happen
-- What actually happened
-- What exact action is slow or broken (`save`, `scan`, `browse`, `import`, `playback`, etc.)
-- Whether it happens every time or only sometimes
-- The library, media type, filter, setting, or value involved
-- Version, branch, commit, and deployment details if you know them
-- Screenshots, recordings, or log snippets if relevant
-
-If you used Claude/Codex for debugging, put that under `Technical notes` at the end. Suspected files, SQL output, stack traces, and root-cause theories can be helpful, but only after the workflow and repro steps are clear.
-
-Use this template:
-
-```text
-Goal:
-Steps:
-Expected:
-Actual:
-What is slow/broken:
-Scope:
-Version/branch:
-Deployment:
-Technical notes:
-```
-
-### Make Targets
-
-| Target | Description |
-|---|---|
-| `make build` | Build frontend + Go binary |
-| `make frontend` | Build frontend only |
-| `make dev-frontend` | Vite dev server with HMR |
-| `make dev-backend` | Run Go backend (integrated mode) |
-| `make dev-proxy` | Run a standalone proxy node |
-| `make dev-transcode` | Run a standalone transcode node |
-| `make migrate-create NAME=add_thing` | Create a timestamped Goose SQL migration |
-| `make migrate-validate` | Validate Goose migration files without touching a database |
-| `make migrate-status` | Show Goose migration status using Silo's bootstrapping runner |
-| `make migrate-up` | Apply pending Goose migrations using Silo's bootstrapping runner |
-| `make clean` | Remove build artifacts |
-
-### Database Migrations
-
-PostgreSQL schema migrations are managed by Goose. Migration SQL files live in
-`migrations/sql/` and use Goose annotations. Converted legacy migrations keep
-their original numeric versions so existing `schema_versions` rows can bootstrap
-cleanly into Goose without replaying old SQL. New migrations should be created
-with timestamped filenames:
-
-```sh
-make migrate-create NAME=add_thing
-make migrate-validate
-```
-
-Do not run `goose fix`; timestamped migrations are the repository policy because
-they avoid version collisions across parallel PRs. The existing `001`-style
-files are historical compatibility records, not the naming pattern for new work.
-Runtime migrations are applied by the integrated/API server only. Proxy and
-transcode modes never mutate schema.
-For existing installs, use `make migrate-status` and `make migrate-up` rather
-than invoking the Goose CLI directly; those targets copy legacy
-`schema_versions` rows into `public.goose_db_version` under the migration lock
-before reading or applying migrations. Set `ENV_FILE=path/to/.env` when the
-database URL should be read from a non-default env file.
-
-### Running Tests
-
-```sh
-# Go tests (uses testcontainers — Docker must be running)
-go test ./...
-
-# Frontend tests
-cd web && bun test
-```
-
-### Linting
-
-```sh
-# Go
-golangci-lint run
-
-# Frontend
-cd web && bun run lint
-cd web && bun run format:check
-```
-
-## License & Trademarks
-
-Silo's source code is licensed under the **GNU Affero General Public License
-v3.0 or later** (`AGPL-3.0-or-later`) — see [LICENSE](LICENSE).
-
-The **Silo name, logo, and wordmark are trademarks of Silo Media L.L.C.** and
-are **not** covered by the AGPL. You're free to fork and redistribute the code,
-but forks and redistributions must not use the Silo brand as their identity and
-must remove or replace the brand assets. Publishing a Silo-branded app to an app
-store requires written permission. See [TRADEMARK.md](TRADEMARK.md) for what's
-permitted — including referential use like "compatible with Silo."
-
 ## Configuration
 
 Silo requires only a `DATABASE_URL` when running from source or against external infrastructure. In the default Docker Compose path, the stack wires the database and Redis URLs for you. All other settings — libraries, metadata providers, transcoding, users — are managed through the admin UI after first launch.
@@ -277,7 +127,7 @@ Silo requires only a `DATABASE_URL` when running from source or against external
 | `proxy` | Stream proxy node that connects to the shared deployment database and Redis |
 | `transcode` | HLS transcode worker node that connects to the shared deployment database and Redis |
 
-## PostgreSQL Auto-Tuning
+### PostgreSQL Auto-Tuning
 
 The default Docker Compose stack does not require a checked-in `postgresql.conf`.
 It enables Silo's [pgtune](https://github.com/le0pard/pgtune)-style OLTP tuning
@@ -329,20 +179,93 @@ change PostgreSQL server settings. Settings already written with `ALTER SYSTEM`
 remain in `postgresql.auto.conf`; reset those PostgreSQL parameters if you later
 move fully to a custom `postgresql.conf`.
 
-## Project Structure
+## Build from Source
 
+If you prefer running Silo without Docker:
+
+1. **Install prerequisites**: Go 1.24+, Bun 1.0+, PostgreSQL 18+, and FFmpeg.
+
+2. **Start PostgreSQL and Redis** (skip if you already have them running)
+
+   ```sh
+   docker compose up -d postgres redis
+   ```
+
+   The main compose file still expects `MEDIA_ROOT` to be set even if you only want the bundled PostgreSQL and Redis services, so set that in `.env` first.
+
+3. **Configure the database connection**
+
+   ```sh
+   cp .env.example .env
+   ```
+
+   Edit `.env` and set `DATABASE_URL` to point to your PostgreSQL instance.
+
+4. **Build and run**
+
+   ```sh
+   make build
+   ./silo
+   ```
+
+   The server starts at `http://localhost:8080` by default. All other settings are configured through the admin UI.
+
+## Reporting Issues
+
+If you are reporting a bug, install problem, or performance issue, start with the admin workflow and reproduction steps, not Claude/Codex analysis.
+
+Please include:
+
+- What you were trying to do
+- Exact steps you took
+- What you expected to happen
+- What actually happened
+- What exact action is slow or broken (`save`, `scan`, `browse`, `import`, `playback`, etc.)
+- Whether it happens every time or only sometimes
+- The library, media type, filter, setting, or value involved
+- Version, branch, commit, and deployment details if you know them
+- Screenshots, recordings, or log snippets if relevant
+
+If you used Claude/Codex for debugging, put that under `Technical notes` at the end. Suspected files, SQL output, stack traces, and root-cause theories can be helpful, but only after the workflow and repro steps are clear.
+
+Use this template:
+
+```text
+Goal:
+Steps:
+Expected:
+Actual:
+What is slow/broken:
+Scope:
+Version/branch:
+Deployment:
+Technical notes:
 ```
-cmd/silo/       Entry point
-internal/
-  api/               HTTP router, handlers, middleware
-  auth/              JWT authentication and sessions
-  catalog/           Media item, episode, season repositories
-  config/            YAML + env var configuration
-  jellycompat/       Jellyfin/Emby protocol compatibility
-  metadata/          Plugin-driven metadata matching and enrichment
-  playback/          Direct play, remux, transcode session management
-  scanner/           Media file discovery and FFProbe
-  worker/            Background jobs (scan, match, reconcile)
-web/                 React + TypeScript frontend (Vite, Tailwind, shadcn/ui)
-migrations/sql/      Goose-managed PostgreSQL schema migrations
-```
+
+## Contributing & Development
+
+Silo is open source and contributions are welcome. See [DEVELOPMENT.md](DEVELOPMENT.md) for building from source in a dev workflow, running tests, database migrations, and project layout, and [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) for contribution expectations, merge request guidance, and the policy for AI-assisted submissions.
+
+## Supporting Silo
+
+Silo is an open-source hobby project, developed in spare time and funded out of pocket. If you'd like to support development, you can sponsor via [GitHub Sponsors](https://github.com/sponsors/quick104).
+
+Donations go directly toward the costs of building and running the project:
+
+- AI development tooling subscriptions (Claude, Codex) used to build and maintain Silo
+- Push notification relay infrastructure
+- Future development costs
+
+Sponsoring is entirely optional — Silo is and will remain free and open source. Bug reports, contributions, and feedback are just as valuable.
+
+## License & Trademarks
+
+Silo's source code is licensed under the **GNU Affero General Public License
+v3.0 or later** (`AGPL-3.0-or-later`) — see [LICENSE](LICENSE).
+
+The **Silo name, logo, and wordmark are trademarks of Silo Media L.L.C.** and
+are **not** covered by the AGPL. You're free to fork and redistribute the code,
+but forks and redistributions must not use the Silo brand as their identity and
+must remove or replace the brand assets. Publishing a Silo-branded app to an app
+store requires written permission. See [TRADEMARK.md](TRADEMARK.md) for what's
+permitted — including referential use like "compatible with Silo."

cmd/silo/main.go

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/clientip"
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/config"
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/database"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/downloads"
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/ebooks"
 	evt "github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/events"
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/historyimport"
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/models"
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/nodeconfig"
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/nodepool"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/noderecipe"
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/nodesessions"
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/notifications"
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/opslog"
@@ -615,6 +617,10 @@ func main() {
 		} else {
 			srv := transcodenode.NewServer(watcher, tracker)
 			srv.SetFFmpegLogSink(playback.NewSlogFFmpegLogSink(slog.Default(), nodeID))
+			// Read jellycompat reconstruction recipes central wrote at transcode
+			// start, so this node can rebuild a Jellyfin transcode after its own
+			// restart (the node hop token is recipe-less). Shares the offload Redis.
+			srv.SetRecipeStore(noderecipe.NewStore(redisClient, 0))
 			handler = srv.Handler()
 		}
 
@@ -1398,6 +1404,7 @@ func main() {
 		)
 		userStoreProvider = notifications.WrapUserStoreProvider(userStoreProvider, notificationSystem)
 		deps.Notifications = notificationSystem
+
 		if libraryIngestExecutor != nil {
 			libraryIngestExecutor.SetAvailabilityDetector(notificationSystem.Detector)
 		}
@@ -1734,6 +1741,41 @@ func main() {
 		}
 		taskMgr.Register(tasks.NewActivityLogCleanupTask(deps.DB, settingsRepo, activityPM))
 		taskMgr.Register(tasks.NewOperationalLogCleanupTask(deps.DB, settingsRepo, opsPM))
+		if deps.FileRepo != nil {
+			// Download prepare-to-file pipeline (Phase 3): a durable, leased encode
+			// queue hosted on the task manager. Built here (before Start) and shared
+			// with the API via deps so the download service can enqueue jobs.
+			artifactMgr := downloads.NewArtifactManager(
+				downloads.NewArtifactRepository(deps.DB),
+				downloads.NewRepository(deps.DB),
+				deps.FileRepo,
+				downloads.NewPlaybackPreparer(),
+				deps.NodeID,
+				func() *config.Config {
+					if deps.LiveConfig != nil {
+						if c := deps.LiveConfig(); c != nil {
+							return c
+						}
+					}
+					return deps.Config
+				},
+				func(ctx context.Context, d *downloads.Download) {
+					if deps.EventsHub == nil {
+						return
+					}
+					_ = deps.EventsHub.PublishJSON(ctx, evt.ChannelUserState, "download", map[string]any{
+						"download_id":   d.ID,
+						"status":        d.Status,
+						"media_item_id": d.ContentID,
+						"format":        d.Format,
+					}, evt.PublishOptions{UserID: d.UserID, ProfileID: d.ProfileID})
+				},
+			)
+			encodeTask := tasks.NewEncodeDownloadArtifactsTask(artifactMgr)
+			artifactMgr.SetKick(func() { _ = taskMgr.RunTask(appCtx, encodeTask.Key()) })
+			taskMgr.Register(encodeTask)
+			deps.ArtifactManager = artifactMgr
+		}
 		if notificationSystem != nil {
 			taskMgr.Register(tasks.NewSeedContentAvailabilityTask(notificationSystem))
 			taskMgr.Register(tasks.NewRebuildReleaseInterestTask(notificationSystem))
@@ -2147,6 +2189,10 @@ func main() {
 			JWTSecret:        cfg.Auth.JWTSecret,
 			RecWorker:        recWorker,
 			FrontendFS:       deps.FrontendFS,
+			// Hand remote-transcode recipes to the shared recipe store so a dedicated
+			// transcode node that restarts can rebuild a jellycompat session.
+			RecipeNodeStore: noderecipe.NewStore(apiRedisClient, 0),
+			SessionSyncer:   deps.SessionSyncer,
 		}
 
 		// Wire direct dependencies when DB is available.
@@ -2185,6 +2231,17 @@ func main() {
 			compatDeps.WatchCompletionObserver = deps.WatchCompletionObserver
 			compatDeps.SettingsRepo = settingsRepo
 			compatDeps.PersonRepo = personRepo
+			compatSearchService := catalog.NewCatalogSearchService(
+				appCtx,
+				settingsRepo,
+				itemRepo,
+				catalog.NewSearchIndexEventRepository(deps.DB),
+				deps.CatalogSearchVectorizer,
+			)
+			if compatSearchService != nil {
+				compatSearchService.StartCoverageRefresh(appCtx)
+				compatDeps.CatalogSearchProvider = compatSearchService.Provider()
+			}
 
 			if deps.S3Public != nil {
 				compatDeps.PosterPresigner = deps.S3Public

docs/architecture/restart-resilient-playback.md

@@ -0,0 +1,787 @@
+# Restart-resilient playback (TR-lease)
+
+How Silo keeps playback alive across a server restart, reconnect, or partial
+stream — and how the design arrived at **TR-lease** (token-carried
+reconstruction + a server-side session-deny marker for revocation).
+
+> **Status: the revocation half is deferred to a future PR.** Only the
+> token-carried **reconstruction** core shipped in this PR. The **session-deny /
+> stream-revocation** mechanism described throughout (the `silo:streamauth:<sid>`
+> deny marker, the proxy's `Allowed()` enforcement, and the admin
+> Stop/Terminate deny write) is **not present in the current implementation**.
+> Admin Terminate and user Stop tear down the live in-memory session and the
+> ffmpeg producer, but they do **not** prevent a still-valid stream token from
+> reconstructing the session until its 24h TTL expires. Sections describing that
+> mechanism are kept for design continuity and are individually flagged as
+> deferred below.
+
+This document is the consolidated design record. It folds together four earlier
+working notes so a future engineer can see the full evolution, the options
+weighed, the issues raised across review rounds, the variables traded off, and
+why the final shape was chosen. The superseded notes were:
+
+- *unified-playback-reconstruct* — the reconstruct core (PR #174), "RC".
+- *token-carried-playback-reconstruct* — the storage evolution, "TR".
+- *async-recipe-card-playback* — a monitoring-preserving middle path, "RC-async".
+- *playback-reconstruct-options-comparison* — the goals/options matrix.
+
+Paths are repository-relative; assume the repository root is the cwd.
+
+---
+
+## 1. The problem
+
+Before this work, a missing in-memory playback session was a `404`. A server
+restart (deploy, crash, OOM) wiped the in-memory session map, so every in-flight
+stream died: the client's next manifest/segment/byte-range request hit a session
+that no longer existed and playback stopped hard. The same gap appeared on any
+front-end that had never held the session (horizontal scale) and on a dedicated
+transcode node reboot.
+
+Core priorities for the fix (from the repo guidelines): **performance first,
+reliability first, predictable behavior under load and during failures**. The
+hot path (per-segment serve) must stay off central/Postgres; bytes must stay
+offloaded to nodes; correctness and robustness win over convenience.
+
+---
+
+## 2. The core insight: reconstruct, don't rehydrate
+
+A missing session is a **reconstruct trigger, not a 404**. The client always
+re-requests the next chunk after an outage, and its request already states where
+it is (an HTTP `Range`, a `?seek=`, or a `seg_NNNNN` number). So the server
+rebuilds the session just-in-time from two things:
+
+1. a small **durable descriptor** (identity, ownership, and the byte-affecting
+   encode parameters — the "recipe"), and
+2. the **position the client supplies** on the triggering request.
+
+Nothing live is serialized (no ffmpeg process, context, channels, or log sink).
+This is the contribution of PR #174 ("RC"), which also unified the native and
+Jellyfin-compat paths behind one `playback.TranscodeManager` so the
+card-lifetime rules, the reconstruct concurrency cap, and the node-affinity rule
+live in exactly one place. The reconstruct skeleton —
+`LoadOrReconstructSession`, `ReconstructSession` / `ReconstructTranscode`, the
+single-flight + `reconstructSem` cap that paces the post-restart thundering
+herd, `RegisterReconstructed`, the `CloseProcess`/`Close` split — is the
+foundation every later option reused. **It was kept; only the descriptor storage
+and the revocation model evolved.**
+
+The six routes that must survive a restart:
+
+| # | Route | Tier | How it is rebuilt |
+|---|-------|:----:|-------------------|
+| 1 | native direct | 1 | client `Range` re-serve; descriptor = identity |
+| 2 | native remux | 1 | re-spawn ffmpeg at `?seek`; descriptor = id + audio |
+| 3 | native transcode | 2 | rebuild `Session` + ffmpeg seeked to the requested segment; descriptor = full encode opts |
+| 4 | jellycompat direct | 1 | compat store + `Range` re-serve |
+| 5 | jellycompat remux | 1 | compat store + `?seek` |
+| 6 | jellycompat transcode | 2 | compat store + shared-manager reconstruct |
+
+Tier 1 = stateless re-serve (client re-supplies position). Tier 2 = rebuild
+ffmpeg. Routes 4–6 always retain a durable central compat store
+(`jellycompat_playback_sessions`): third-party Jellyfin clients cannot
+round-trip a native descriptor, so the compat layer keeps the full
+`PlaybackSession` (route + media source resolved before native reconstruct
+runs).
+
+---
+
+## 3. The two axes the options differ on
+
+Every option is a point on a 2-D grid: **where the descriptor lives** (vertical)
+× **how revocation is bounded** (horizontal).
+
+```text
+                    AUTHORITY / REVOCATION MODEL  ----------------------->
+                    re-resolve at      long token       short TTL +
+                    reconstruct        (24h, expire)    refresh checkpoint
+  D  central        +----------------+----------------+----------------+
+  E  Postgres row   |  RC  (#174)    |   (n/a)        |  RC-async      |
+  S                 +----------------+----------------+----------------+
+  C  client/node-   |   (n/a)        |  TR-24h        |  TR + re-mint  |
+  R  carried token  |                |                |                |
+  I                 +----------------+----------------+----------------+
+  P
+  T  top row    = descriptor stays central (node serves bytes but cannot
+     |            self-reconstruct → node-restart gap)
+     | bottom   = recipe travels to the node (node self-sufficient, no central record)
+```
+
+**TR-lease is a fourth point off this grid:** bottom row (token-carried, 24h),
+but the revocation column is replaced by a *server-side deny marker* — on an
+admin kill, central would write a per-session deny to Redis that the node
+enforces by withholding bytes. Revocation is decoupled from the token TTL and
+needs no client refresh. (An earlier iteration polled and re-resolved every
+stream on a timer; that was cut to the event-driven session-deny — see §7 and
+the §8 design note.)
+
+> **Status: deferred to a future PR.** The deny-marker column described above is
+> the design target, not the current shipped behavior. As shipped, the
+> token-carried row offers no revocation tighter than the 24h token TTL on the
+> node path; admin Terminate and user Stop only tear down the live session and
+> ffmpeg producer.
+
+---
+
+## 4. Goals weighed
+
+| ID | Goal |
+|----|------|
+| G1 | Hot path (per-segment serve) stays off central/Postgres |
+| G2 | Bytes offloaded to nodes (served from disk, signature-verified, never central) |
+| G3 | Restart resiliency across all 6 routes |
+| G4 | Two-factor ownership (auth caller + ownership rebind; refuse `userID==0`/mismatch) |
+| G5 | Revocation latency (how fast a banned user / pulled access stops playing) |
+| G6 | Single-box: zero external store required for reconstruction |
+| G7 | Restart runway (descriptor stays valid longer than the outage) |
+| G8 | Multi-front-end / verify-anywhere (no integrated-transcode split-brain) |
+| G9 | Observability — durable, identity-rich active-stream record |
+| G10 | Low operational surface (tables, migrations, stores, endpoints) |
+| G11 | Node-restart recovery |
+| G12 | No new client coordination required |
+| G13 | Small signing-key blast radius |
+| G14 | Cleanup correctness (never wipe a live session's segment dir) |
+
+A note on G9 (observability): the *live* "who is streaming now" view does **not**
+depend on the descriptor strategy. Every offload node calls the Redis-backed
+node-session tracker (`internal/nodesessions/tracker.go`) on every serve, tied to
+actual byte-serving (so a non-cooperative client or replayed token still shows
+up) and surviving a central restart. G9 scores only the *durable, identity-rich*
+(who + what + recipe) slice on top of that.
+
+---
+
+## 5. The options, and the comparison
+
+Legend: ✓ meets · ✓\* minor asterisk · ~ partial · ✗ fails · ✓✓ best-in-class
+
+| Goal | `main` | RC #174 | TR-24h | TR + re-mint | RC-async | **TR-lease** |
+|------|:------:|:-------:|:------:|:------------:|:--------:|:------------:|
+| G1 hot path free of central DB | ✓ | ✓\* | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
+| G2 bytes offloaded | ✓ | ✓ | ✓✓ | ✓✓ | ✓✓ | ✓✓ |
+| G3 restart resiliency (6/6) | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
+| G4 two-factor ownership | ✓ | ✓ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ✓~ |
+| G5 revocation latency | ~ | ~ | ✗ (≤24h) | ✓ (≤TTL) | ✓✓ | ✓✓ |
+| G6 single-box, no external store | ✓ | ✗ | ✓✓ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
+| G7 restart runway | n/a | ✓ (30m) | ✓✓ (24h) | ~ | ~ | ✓✓ (24h) |
+| G8 multi-front-end | ✗ | ~ | ✓~ | ✓~ | ✓~ | ✓~ |
+| G9 durable identity-rich record | ✗ | ✓✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ~ |
+| G10 low operational surface | ✓✓ | ~ | ✓ | ~ | ✗ | ~ |
+| G11 node-restart recovery | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
+| G12 no new client coordination | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
+| G13 small signing-key blast radius | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
+| G14 cleanup correctness | ✓ | ✓✓ | ~ | ~ | ~ | ~ |
+
+The TTL/revocation strategies head-to-head. **Note: the session-deny column is
+the deferred design target — see §7; as shipped, the node path has no revocation
+tighter than the 24h token TTL.**
+
+| Strategy | Revocation latency | Restart runway | Client refresh? | Central on refresh? |
+|----------|--------------------|----------------|-----------------|---------------------|
+| Re-resolve at reconstruct (RC) | on reconstruct; node hop ≤24h | 30 min | no | only on reconstruct |
+| Leave 24h, expire only (TR-24h) | up to 24h | 24h | no | never |
+| Short TTL + refresh + denylist (RC-async / TR item B) | ≤~5 min | ~90 s grace | **yes** | every ~3.5 min/session |
+| 24h token + session-deny marker (TR-lease — **deferred**) | *design target:* admin kill cuts node bytes on next serve; passive ban = next-play / ≤24h. *As shipped:* node path bounded by ≤24h token only | 24h | **no** | nothing on the serve path; one write per admin-kill event |
+
+---
+
+## 6. Why each non-final option was set aside
+
+- **RC (PR #174, the recipe card in Postgres).** Correct and the basis of
+  everything here, but it couples reconstruction to a shared per-session Postgres
+  store: a write on every start, per audio/quality change, and a ≤1/min refresh,
+  with resilience tied to the DB being reachable. It does not give the single-box
+  zero-dependency property, and the node hop's 24h token stays unrevocable
+  anyway. RC's reconstruct *core* was kept; its *storage* was the thing to evolve.
+
+- **TR-24h (token-carried, leave the token to expire).** Wins the single-box case
+  (zero external dependency) and removes the per-start DB write, but revocation is
+  bounded by *nothing tighter than the 24h token TTL* on the node path — a banned
+  user keeps node-served direct/remux for up to 24h. This is actually the
+  *status quo* for the node path even pre-branch (the proxy verifies by signature
+  alone, no DB), so TR-24h only adds identity claims to the token without
+  improving revocation. Not acceptable as the endpoint.
+
+- **TR + re-mint (short TTL + authenticated playlist refresh + denylist), and
+  RC-async (the same revocation idea but keeping an async-written Postgres mirror
+  for observability).** Both bound revocation to ~5 min by having the client
+  refetch a stable `RequireAuth` playlist that re-checks access and re-mints
+  short-lived segment URLs. The cost: a **hard client-coordination requirement**
+  (silo-android / silo-apple / Jellyfin clients must implement the refresh flow),
+  a shrunken restart runway (~90 s grace instead of 30 min — if central is down
+  past the grace, playback stalls), and a new authenticated re-mint transport
+  that does not exist on the supported proxy/node topology. RC-async additionally
+  keeps a write pipeline + denylist + the central row (the highest operational
+  surface of all). They solved revocation by pushing work onto the client and
+  shortening the runway — the opposite of the reliability priorities.
+
+The open item across TR and RC-async was always **revocation enforcement** ("item
+B"): bounding revocation needs *either* a per-segment token check on the hot path
+*or* an authenticated re-mint checkpoint the client drives. TR-lease removes that
+dilemma.
+
+---
+
+## 7. TR-lease: the chosen design
+
+TR-lease keeps TR's 24h token (so the restart runway is untouched and no client
+refresh flow is needed) and adds a server-side **session-deny marker** for the
+one revocation case the node path cannot otherwise cover — no client
+participation, no steady-state cost.
+
+**Reconstruction (token-carried).** The signed stream token *is* the durable
+descriptor. Its claims carry the full byte-affecting recipe plus `uid/pid/mfid`
+ownership lookup keys. A front-end that lost its in-memory session rebuilds
+ffmpeg from the token the client re-presents — no shared per-session store, zero
+external dependency for reconstruction on a single box. `HWAccel`/`HWDevice` are
+deliberately *not* carried; they are re-resolved from live config so an operator
+config change applies to reconstructed sessions too. Ownership re-binds to the
+live authenticated caller and refuses `userID==0` / mismatch — the token's `uid`
+is never trusted alone (a leaked URL is useless without the owner's auth session
+on the native path).
+
+**Revocation (session-deny marker).**
+
+> **Status: deferred to a future PR.** Everything in this subsection (the
+> `silo:streamauth:<sid>` deny marker, the admin Stop/Terminate deny write, and
+> the node-side `Allowed()` enforcement) describes the design target and is **not
+> present in the current implementation**. As shipped, admin Terminate and user
+> Stop tear down the live in-memory session and the ffmpeg producer, but a
+> still-valid stream token can reconstruct the session until its 24h TTL expires;
+> there is no node-side byte-withholding and no guaranteed/instant revocation on
+> the node path. The design below is retained for when revocation lands.
+
+The revocation surface was deliberately
+kept to the *one* case the offloaded topology cannot otherwise cover, rather than
+a periodic re-check of every stream. An admin Stop/Terminate would write
+`silo:streamauth:<sid> = deny` (TTL ≥ the 24h token lifetime); the offload node
+would read it (a node-local Redis GET, sub-ms) before serving any bytes and
+return `403` with no bytes on a hit. Enforcement is **byte-withholding, not
+client cooperation** — a revoked client that ignores the 403 keeps hitting a
+wall.
+
+Why this would be sufficient, and what it deliberately does *not* do:
+
+- **New playback is already blocked at central** — `/playback/start` is
+  `RequireAuth` + access check, so a ban/scope change always takes effect on the
+  next play, everywhere, with no marker needed.
+- **Cooperative clients already stop** — central holds the realtime WebSocket and
+  can drop it + send a stop on a ban.
+- **The only thing needing a hard node-side cut** is the *explicit, session-scoped
+  admin kill* of a *non-cooperative* client holding a valid token on a
+  node-served direct/remux stream (no producer to kill). That is exactly what the
+  (deferred) session-deny marker would cover; until it lands this case is bounded
+  by the ≤24h token like the passive bans below.
+- **Not covered (accepted limitation):** a *passive* ban or *partial* access
+  change (lost one library, lowered rating) does NOT hard-revoke an
+  already-running, non-cooperative node stream. It is enforced at next play and
+  otherwise bounded by the ≤24h token. Closing this would require either a
+  periodic re-resolver (a poll over every active stream — rejected as constant
+  DB load for a rare case) or per-content deny enumeration; both were judged not
+  worth the machinery for a self-hosted server. A user-scoped deny was rejected
+  too: it over-blocks content the viewer still legitimately has access to.
+
+**Fail-open on absence (deferred).** In the design, the normal case is *no*
+marker, which serves; a Redis error also serves; only a present deny withholds
+bytes. This is a deliberate reliability-first choice: availability over
+revocation latency.
+
+**Why this shape.** It keeps token-carried reconstruction's single-box and
+verify-anywhere properties and would add revocation with no client coordination
+(G12) and essentially no steady-state cost — the marker is written only on the
+rare admin-kill event, never on a timer. It is, in effect, **TR-24 plus a single
+session-scoped kill switch**. The kill switch is **deferred**; what shipped is
+TR-24 (token-carried reconstruction, ≤24h token, no node-side revocation).
+
+---
+
+## 8. What was implemented, and where
+
+This PR ships **Commit 1 only** (token-carried reconstruction). **Commit 2 (the
+node session-deny marker) is deferred to a future PR** — the `internal/streamauth`
+package, the proxy `Allowed()` guard, and the admin deny write described below
+are **not present in the current implementation**.
+
+**Commit 1 — token-carried reconstruction; retire `transcode_recipes`. (shipped)**
+- `streamtoken.Claims` gains the recipe + `uid/pid/mfid`
+  (`internal/streamtoken/token.go`).
+- `playback.RecipeCard` projects to/from claims (`ToClaims` /
+  `RecipeCardFromClaims`); the `Reconstruct*` front door takes the decoded recipe
+  instead of reading Postgres (`internal/playback/recipecard.go`,
+  `transcode_manager.go`).
+- Native serve URLs carry the token as `?st=`; the manifest rewriter already
+  appends `RawQuery` to segment URIs, so segments inherit it with no route change
+  (`internal/api/handlers/playback.go`, `stream.go`). The integrated server is
+  hit directly, so the query-stripping-proxy concern that motivates a path
+  segment does not apply there; the proxy/node path keeps the token in the URL
+  path as before.
+- Jellycompat folds the recipe into its durable compat store
+  (`PlaybackSession.Recipe`) since Jellyfin clients cannot round-trip a native
+  token (`internal/jellycompat/...`).
+- Segment-dir cleanup switches from the card index to in-memory liveness (live
+  map + in-flight reconstruct set + age past the max token TTL); a dedicated node
+  keeps its boot-time full wipe (`internal/playback/transcode_cleanup.go`,
+  `transcode_manager.go`).
+- `PostgresRecipeStore`, the `RecipeStore` interface, and the unmerged
+  `transcode_recipes` migration are deleted.
+
+**Commit 2 — node session-deny marker. (DEFERRED — not in this PR)**
+
+> The items below describe the planned revocation commit. They were removed from
+> this PR and deferred to a future one; none of these symbols exist in the
+> current implementation. The admin Stop/Terminate path still tears down the live
+> session and ffmpeg producer, but writes no deny marker, so a valid token can
+> reconstruct until its 24h TTL expires.
+
+- `internal/streamauth`: a deny-only Redis `Store` — `Deny(sid)` (TTL ≥ token
+  lifetime) and a fail-open `Allowed(sid)` reader. No poller, no allow-leases, no
+  access re-resolver.
+- The node guard in `internal/proxy/server.go` (`verifyToken` consults
+  `Allowed`).
+- An admin Stop/Terminate writes the deny marker
+  (`internal/api/handlers/admin_playback_control.go` → `PlaybackHandler.LeaseDenier`).
+- `nodesessions.SessionInfo` carries the numeric ownership keys
+  (`auth_user_id`/`profile_id`/`media_file_id`), populated by the node from the
+  verified token, to enrich the live admin "active streams" view (who/what, not
+  just session id) — see §10 monitoring.
+- A single integrated box reads no marker and needs none — the producer-kill +
+  session removal on Terminate is the stop there.
+
+> Design note (about the deferred commit 2): an earlier iteration added a central
+> *revalidator* that re-resolved access for every active stream every ~2 min and
+> wrote allow/deny leases. It was dropped in favour of the event-driven
+> session-deny above: the poll re-derived, at a constant all-streams DB cost,
+> signals the
+> system already emits (new playback is gated at `/playback/start`; admin kill is
+> an explicit event), and its only unique coverage — sub-24h *passive* revocation
+> of an in-flight node stream — was judged not worth the machinery (see §7).
+
+---
+
+## 9. Issues raised across review, and their disposition
+
+From two adversarial review rounds on the reconstruct core and the storage
+evolution:
+
+- **Integrated-transcode split-brain across front-ends (P-1 / A).** The
+  `SessionManager` + reconstruct single-flight are per-process and the descriptor
+  carries no owning-node id, so without sticky affinity two front-ends can run
+  divergent ffmpeg. **Disposition: deferred (owner-identity claim).** Supported
+  topology is dedicated `--mode=transcode` nodes (routed via `tnode`, no
+  split-brain) + single-box / LB-session-affinity integrated transcode. The
+  caveat is documented, not silently assumed.
+- **24h node-path token is unrevocable (P-2).** The (deferred, see §7–§8)
+  session-deny marker would let the explicit admin kill cut node bytes on the next
+  serve. **Until that ships, this remains open:** the node-path token is
+  unrevocable, so admin kill and passive bans / partial access changes are all
+  bounded by next-play + the ≤24h token.
+- **Dedicated transcode-node restart (P-3 / tr-10). Fixed for both paths.**
+  *Native:* the proxy forwards the verified stream token to the transcode node
+  (`X-Silo-Stream-Token`); on a manifest/segment miss the node re-verifies the
+  token, decodes the recipe, and self-reconstructs ffmpeg seeked to the requested
+  segment — single-flighted and concurrency-capped exactly like the integrated
+  reconstruct. *Jellycompat:* the node-hop token is server-minted and *could* carry the
+  recipe like native, but it deliberately does not — the recipe is mutated in
+  place under a stable session id (a Jellyfin audio/subtitle switch can arrive as
+  a `/Sessions/Playing/Progress` report that restarts ffmpeg without re-minting
+  the client's token), and a third-party Jellyfin client cannot be driven to
+  refresh a stale token, so a token *snapshot* could reconstruct a stale
+  rendition. Central instead writes the recipe to a shared Redis recipe store
+  (`internal/noderecipe`) keyed by upstream session id and overwrites it on every
+  switch, and the node (which cannot reach Postgres) reads the *current* recipe on
+  the reconstruct miss — over the same Redis the session tracker already uses (and
+  the deferred deny-lease would use), so no central URL is needed. The boot-time
+  full segment-dir wipe
+  stands; reconstruct re-transcodes from the requested segment. See §10 for the
+  full rationale (and why this is *not* a token-carryable case).
+- **`userID==0` tolerance / "auth optional" (P-5).** Reconstruct hard-rejects
+  `userID==0` and a card whose session id does not match the URL.
+- **Mutable recipe under a stable id (D).** A parameter change re-mints a new
+  manifest + token and the client reloads, so the common case self-heals. The
+  only residual is a restart *during* the brief switch transition with a prior
+  token in flight: it reconstructs the prior *rendition* (access is re-resolved,
+  only the rendition can be stale). TTL-bounded, self-healing on reload; minor,
+  accepted.
+- **Cleanup liveness (F / tr-9).** Each process owns its `TranscodeDir`, so the
+  liveness signal is the in-process live map + the in-flight reconstruct set +
+  age-past-max-TTL; a dir is reaped only when absent from both and older than any
+  surviving token. No cross-process enumeration-failure mode for the supported
+  topology.
+- **Signing-key blast radius (E / tr-7, G13).** A single `JWTSecret` signs native
+  auth, the stream token, and the node bearer, so a node-secret leak can forge
+  native logins. **Accepted risk** on the trusted-node precondition. **Deferred
+  hardening:** split the stream-token secret from the native-auth secret, then
+  asymmetric stream-token signing before any untrusted/edge node.
+
+---
+
+## 10. Residuals and follow-ups
+
+- **Revocation of an in-flight node stream (all cases, until deny-lease ships).**
+  Because the session-deny marker is deferred (§7–§8), *no* ban — admin kill,
+  passive ban, or partial access change — hard-cuts an already-running,
+  non-cooperative node-served stream; all are enforced at next play, bounded by
+  the ≤24h token. The future deny-lease closes the *admin-kill* case; passive
+  bans would still need a per-content deny enumeration on the access-change event,
+  or accepting it. See §7.
+- **Monitoring.** Two distinct questions:
+  - *Live "who is watching what right now"* — covered. Every node serve writes a
+    record to the Redis tracker (`silo:sessions:*`), now enriched with
+    `auth_user_id` / `media_file_id` from the verified token, so the admin
+    active-streams view answers who/what/where, tied to real byte-serving and
+    surviving a central restart. Integrated (no-node) sessions show in central's
+    in-memory session list.
+  - *Durable historical/audit ("who watched what last week")* — NOT provided by
+    this subsystem (there is no longer a durable per-session recipe record, by
+    design — G9 was the deliberate trade for token-carried reconstruction). That
+    history lives in the separate watch-progress / scrobble system.
+- **Multiple viewers on one stream token.** The token is per playback session, so
+  a shared/leaked stream URL lets several clients pull bytes under one session id.
+  They **collapse to a single entry** in the tracker (one `sid`) — monitoring
+  cannot distinguish or count them — and the (deferred) session-deny would cut
+  them as a group, not individually. Detecting/limiting this needs a per-account
+  concurrency cap or
+  per-device session ids (device binding); deferred. Do not bind to client IP
+  (mobile / CGNAT).
+- **Token in logs (tr-1).** Scrub the `?st=` token / path token from request
+  loggers (the jellycompat logger logs `RawQuery`; the native logger omits it).
+  Short TTL + signature bound the exposure.
+- **Owner-identity (A).** Required before multi-front-end *integrated* transcode
+  without sticky affinity; defines owner election, self-URL discovery, a
+  peer-forward endpoint, and failover.
+- **Node-side reconstruct (P-3). Done** for native (token-forwarded) and
+  jellycompat (Redis recipe handoff via `internal/noderecipe`: central writes the
+  recipe at remote-transcode start, the node reads it on a reconstruct miss).
+  Precondition: central and the nodes share the same Redis (already required for
+  the session tracker, and for the deferred deny-lease). Residual: the recipe
+  store is consulted
+  only for a jellycompat token, so a node restart still depends on the recipe key
+  surviving (24h TTL, ≥ token lifetime).
+  - *Why a server-side store and not the token here (the real rationale).* It is
+    tempting to delete `internal/noderecipe` and let the jellycompat node-hop
+    token carry the recipe like native — the token is server-minted and opaque to
+    the Jellyfin client (it follows it only as a redirect target), so it *could*.
+    That does **not** work, and the reason is **not** the often-stated "a Jellyfin
+    client can't round-trip a token." The reason is that the recipe is **mutated
+    in place under a stable session id**: a Jellyfin audio/subtitle switch can
+    arrive as a `/Sessions/Playing/Progress` report
+    (`restartCompatTranscodeForAudioSelection`) that restarts ffmpeg in place
+    **without re-minting the client's token**. A third-party Jellyfin client
+    cannot be driven to refresh the now-stale token — its VOD/`ENDLIST` manifest
+    is fetched once, and the compat WebSocket (`HandleSocket`) is a receive-only
+    keep-alive stub with no server→client command to force a manifest re-fetch. A
+    token is a snapshot at mint time, so after such a switch it would reconstruct
+    the **stale** rendition (old audio/subtitle) until the client happens to
+    re-fetch the manifest (e.g. on a seek), which for a VOD stream may be never.
+    Because the node also cannot reach Postgres (where the authoritative compat
+    recipe lives), the only way the node rebuilds the *current* recipe is a
+    node-reachable, server-authoritative store that central overwrites on every
+    switch — i.e. `internal/noderecipe`. Native has no equivalent path: every
+    native audio switch re-mints the manifest + token, so the native client's
+    token is never stale, which is exactly why native needs no such store. The
+    store is **load-bearing, not redundant**.
+- **Key split / asymmetric signing (E).** Closes the account-takeover path; a
+  precondition for untrusted edge nodes.
+
+---
+
+## 11. Preconditions
+
+- **Persistent `TranscodeDir` (recommended).** With persistence, reconstruct
+  serves surviving segments; with an ephemeral dir it re-transcodes from the
+  descriptor (which survives a wiped dir). A node *restart* still loses the
+  session regardless (P-3).
+- **Re-transcode of one segment beats the buffer runway** on worst-case hardware
+  (software decode, subtitle burn-in). Measure.
+- **Client retry/backoff exists.** Clients retry segment/manifest GETs on
+  5xx/connection error and reconnect the WebSocket. The token rides the URL, so no
+  extra client logic is needed to carry it; a client that does not retry sees the
+  failed request as fatal.
+
+---
+
+## 12. Diagrams
+
+The `mermaid` blocks render in GitHub / VS Code / most Markdown viewers; the
+ASCII blocks render anywhere.
+
+### 12.1 Topology — where state lives
+
+> **Deferred:** the `silo:streamauth:<sid> = deny` marker, the "Admin
+> Stop/Terminate → write session-deny marker" arrow, and the node's "deny GET"
+> are the planned revocation path and are **not** in the current implementation.
+> The tracker (`silo:sessions:*`) and the recipe handoff are shipped.
+
+```text
+                         ┌─────────────────────────── CENTRAL (mode=server) ───────────────────────────┐
+   Client                │  RequireAuth  /playback/start  /playback/transcode/start  (mint token)       │
+  (web / android /       │  native serve: /playback/transcode/{sid}/master.m3u8?st=  /stream/{sid}?st=  │
+   apple / jellyfin)     │  Admin Stop/Terminate → write session-deny marker (event, not a timer)      │
+                         └───────────┬──────────────────────────┬───────────────────────┬──────────────┘
+                                     │ Postgres                  │ Redis                 │
+                                     ▼                           ▼                       │ (multi-node only)
+                         ┌───────────────────────┐   ┌──────────────────────────┐       ▼
+                         │ catalog / access       │   │ silo:sessions:*  (tracker)│  ┌────────────────────────┐
+                         │ jellycompat_playback_  │   │ silo:streamauth:<sid>     │  │ Proxy node (mode=proxy) │
+                         │   sessions (compat      │   │   = deny  (session kill)  │◀─│ verifyToken + deny GET  │
+                         │   store, carries Recipe)│   └──────────────────────────┘  │ serves direct/remux     │
+                         └───────────────────────┘                ▲                  │ proxies transcode ──────┼──▶ Transcode node
+   ✗ NO transcode_recipes table (deleted this branch)             │ node-local GET   └────────────────────────┘    (mode=transcode)
+                                                                  └── sub-ms, off Postgres                          ffmpeg /transcode/{sid}/…
+```
+
+Descriptor location by route (the core change). The "lease (node)" revocation
+column is the **deferred** design; as shipped, the node path has no revocation
+tighter than the ≤24h token:
+
+| route family | descriptor (how it reconstructs) | revocation |
+|--------------|----------------------------------|------------|
+| native (1–3) | the signed token the client re-presents | *deferred:* lease (node) / shipped: producer-kill (integrated), ≤24h token (node) |
+| jellycompat (4–6) | `jellycompat_playback_sessions.data.Recipe` (token can't round-trip) | *deferred:* lease (node) / shipped: producer-kill, ≤24h token (node) |
+| ~~all~~ | ~~`transcode_recipes` Postgres row~~ — removed | — |
+
+### 12.2 Where the token rides
+
+```text
+NATIVE  (integrated server is hit directly → query param; segments inherit it)
+   manifest : GET /playback/transcode/{sid}/master.m3u8?st=<JWT>
+   segment  : GET /playback/transcode/{sid}/segment/seg_00042.m4s?st=<JWT>   ← RawQuery propagated by the manifest rewriter
+   direct   : GET /stream/{sid}?st=<JWT>
+
+PROXY/NODE  (capability URL → path segment; survives a query-stripping hop)
+   GET {proxy}/stream/transcode/{JWT}/master.m3u8     → relative segment URIs inherit {JWT}
+   GET {proxy}/stream/direct/{JWT}     GET {proxy}/stream/remux/{JWT}
+
+JELLYCOMPAT  → recipe is NOT in the token; it lives in the compat store.
+              the path token is used only for the node hop.
+```
+
+### 12.3 Normal playback — native, integrated box (no nodes)
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    participant C as Client
+    participant S as Central server (integrated)
+    participant PG as Postgres (access)
+    Note over C,S: transcode start
+    C->>S: POST /playback/transcode/start  (RequireAuth)
+    S->>PG: resolve file + access
+    S->>S: StartTranscode (ffmpeg) + RegisterTranscodeSession
+    S->>S: card = NewRecipeCard(opts); token = Sign(card.ToClaims(), 24h)
+    S-->>C: 202  manifestURL = /playback/transcode/{sid}/master.m3u8?st=TOKEN
+    Note over C,S: hot path — NO Postgres, NO lease (live session in memory)
+    C->>S: GET .../master.m3u8?st=TOKEN
+    S->>S: LoadOrReconstructSession → live hit → BuildPlaybackManifest (segments carry ?st)
+    S-->>C: manifest
+    loop every segment
+        C->>S: GET .../segment/seg_N.m4s?st=TOKEN
+        S->>S: live session → GetSegment → ServeFile
+        S-->>C: bytes
+    end
+```
+
+The hot path touches neither Postgres nor the lease — it is an in-memory map
+hit. `?st` is verified only to decode a card if reconstruct is needed; a live
+session ignores it.
+
+### 12.4 Normal playback — native, multi-node (offloaded)
+
+> **Deferred:** the `GET silo:streamauth:{sid}` lease guard and its `deny → 403`
+> branch are the planned revocation path, **not** in the current implementation.
+> As shipped the node verifies the token, tracks the session, and serves — there
+> is no deny check.
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    participant C as Client
+    participant S as Central server
+    participant N as Proxy node
+    participant T as Transcode node
+    participant R as Redis
+    C->>S: POST /playback/transcode/start (RequireAuth)
+    S->>S: card(full recipe, tnode=T); token = Sign(card.ToClaims())
+    S-->>C: manifestURL = {N}/stream/transcode/TOKEN/master.m3u8
+    loop manifest + segments
+        C->>N: GET /stream/transcode/TOKEN/...
+        N->>N: verifyToken(TOKEN)
+        N->>R: GET silo:streamauth:{sid}   (lease guard)
+        alt deny
+            N-->>C: 403 (no bytes)
+        else allow / absent
+            N->>R: Track silo:sessions:{node}:{sid}  (uid, mfid from claims)
+            N->>T: proxy /transcode/{sid}/...
+            T-->>N: bytes
+            N-->>C: bytes
+        end
+    end
+```
+
+The node copies `uid`/`mfid` from the verified token into the Redis tracker —
+that is what enriches the live admin "active streams" view (who/what per node).
+
+### 12.5 Restart → reconstruct (native transcode)
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    participant C as Client
+    participant S as Central server (just restarted — session map empty)
+    Note over S: in-memory session GONE; NO transcode_recipes table to read
+    C->>S: GET /playback/transcode/{sid}/segment/seg_42.m4s?st=TOKEN
+    S->>S: card = streamCardFromQuery(?st) → Verify + decode recipe
+    S->>S: LoadOrReconstructSession → GetSession = NotFound, card != nil
+    S->>S: ReconstructSession (re-bind: refuse userID==0 / != card.uid; card.sid == {sid})
+    S->>S: ReconstructTranscode(seg=42) → single-flight, mark in-flight, respawn ffmpeg SEEKED to seg 42
+    S-->>C: bytes (resumes near where the client was)
+```
+
+- direct/remux restart is the same but Tier-1: reconstruct the `Session` from the
+  identity token, then `Range` / `?seek` re-serve — no ffmpeg rebuild.
+- multi-node restart: the integrated front-end reconstructs only the `Session`
+  (to learn `tnode`) and re-proxies; the transcode node keeps serving. If the
+  transcode *node* itself reboots, the proxy forwards the stream token
+  (`X-Silo-Stream-Token`) and the node self-reconstructs ffmpeg seeked to the
+  requested segment (native path, P-3). A jellycompat session on a rebooted node
+  reconstructs too: the node fetches the recipe central wrote to the shared Redis
+  recipe store (`internal/noderecipe`) at transcode start, since the Jellyfin
+  client's token cannot carry it.
+- cleanup race: a segment dir is reaped only if absent from the live map AND the
+  in-flight set AND older than 24h (max token TTL), so a token that can still
+  reconstruct never gets its dir wiped.
+
+### 12.6 Auth deny — the session-deny marker
+
+> **Status: deferred to a future PR.** The entire "Admin Stop/Terminate → write
+> deny marker" and "Offload node → GET deny → 403" flow below is the planned
+> revocation design and is **not** in the current implementation. As shipped,
+> admin Stop/Terminate does the "realtime WS stop + producer teardown" half only
+> (the right branch); it writes no marker, and the node performs no deny check, so
+> a valid token reconstructs until its ≤24h TTL. New playback is still gated at
+> `/playback/start` (the top subgraph is accurate).
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TD
+    subgraph New["New playback (any topology)"]
+        P["/playback/start — RequireAuth + access check"] --> PB{allowed?}
+        PB -- no --> PR[refused — ban takes effect at next play]
+        PB -- yes --> PM[mint token]
+    end
+    subgraph Admin["Admin Stop/Terminate (event, not a timer)"]
+        K[denyStreamLease] --> WD[SET silo:streamauth:sid = deny<br/>TTL = 24h]
+        K --> WS[realtime WS stop + producer teardown]
+    end
+    subgraph Node["Offload node — every serve"]
+        G[verifyToken OK] --> L{GET silo:streamauth:sid}
+        L -- present deny --> F[403, no bytes]
+        L -- absent / redis-err --> SV[serve bytes  fail-open]
+    end
+```
+
+Invariants:
+- No steady-state writes: the marker is set only on an admin kill, never on a
+  timer. The normal serve path finds *no* key and serves.
+- Fail-open: absent key or Redis error → serve. The only hard stop is a present
+  deny.
+- The integrated box reads no marker — the producer-kill + session removal on
+  Terminate is the stop there; the marker only matters where nodes serve.
+- Not covered here (by design): a *passive* ban / partial access change of an
+  in-flight non-cooperative node stream — enforced at next play, bounded by the
+  ≤24h token (§7).
+
+### 12.7 Jellycompat — what differs
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    participant J as Jellyfin client
+    participant S as Central (jellycompat)
+    participant PG as Postgres compat store
+    J->>S: negotiate → PlaybackSession{UpstreamSessionID, MediaSources}
+    S->>PG: Put (jellycompat_playback_sessions)
+    Note over S: transcode start
+    S->>S: StartTranscode; recipe = NewRecipeCard(opts)
+    S->>PG: Update(ps): TranscodeStarted=true, Recipe=recipe  (same write)
+    Note over J,S: restart → reconstruct from the COMPAT STORE, not a token
+    J->>S: GET HLS segment
+    S->>PG: Get(playSessionID) → ps.Recipe
+    S->>S: LoadOrReconstructSession(UpstreamSessionID, card = ps.Recipe) → ReconstructTranscode(*ps.Recipe)
+    S-->>J: bytes
+```
+
+Jellyfin clients cannot carry a native `?st` token, so the recipe is folded into
+the durable compat row (`PlaybackSession.Recipe`, persisted in the `data` JSONB)
+and written in the same `Update` that flips `TranscodeStarted`. The node hop
+(multi-node jellycompat) still uses a path token exactly like native (the lease
+guard is deferred along with the rest of the revocation path).
+
+### 12.8 Hot-path cost per request
+
+The "lease" / "SET deny" Redis costs below are **deferred** (the revocation path
+is not shipped); as shipped the node does only the tracker write, and admin
+Stop/Terminate writes no Redis key:
+
+| request | Postgres | Redis | central CPU | reconstruct |
+|---------|----------|-------|-------------|-------------|
+| native segment, live, integrated | — | — | map hit | — |
+| native segment, live, node | — | 1 track (+ deferred: GET lease) | — | — |
+| native segment, after restart, integrated | — | — | verify JWT + ffmpeg respawn (once, single-flight) | yes |
+| jellycompat segment, live | — | track (+ deferred: lease) | map hit | — |
+| jellycompat segment, after restart | 1 Get (compat row) | track (+ deferred: lease) | respawn | yes |
+| admin Stop/Terminate (event, not per-request) | — | deferred: 1 SET deny | one write | — |
+
+---
+
+## 13. Restart-resiliency behavior matrix (role × path)
+
+The observable reconstruction behavior of every playback path under a restart of
+each server role. **✅** = the path reconstructs and resumes on the client's next
+request; **—** = the path never executes on that role (nothing to reconstruct);
+**⚠️** = reconstructs only while a stated precondition holds.
+
+| path | integrated restart | proxy-node restart | transcode-node restart |
+|------|--------------------|--------------------|------------------------|
+| native · direct | ✅ rebuild `Session` from `?st` token → `Range` re-serve | ✅ stateless re-serve from `claims.MediaPath` | — not served on a transcode node |
+| native · remux | ✅ token + `?seek` → re-spawn pipe | ✅ stateless per-request pipe re-spawn | — |
+| native · transcode | ✅ token (full recipe) → respawn ffmpeg seeked to segment | ✅ transparent re-route + token forward | ✅ self-contained — token is recipe-complete |
+| jellycompat · direct | ✅ re-resolve from durable compat row → `Range` re-serve | ✅ stateless re-serve from token `MediaPath` | — |
+| jellycompat · remux | ✅ compat row + `?seek` | ✅ stateless per-request pipe re-spawn | — |
+| jellycompat · transcode | ✅ `ReconstructTranscode(*ps.Recipe)` from compat row | ✅ transparent re-route + token forward | ⚠️ reconstructs **iff** the shared Redis recipe (`internal/noderecipe`, ≤24h TTL) still exists; fails closed (404) otherwise |
+
+**What carries the recovery state, per role**
+
+| role | native carrier | jellycompat carrier |
+|------|----------------|---------------------|
+| integrated | `?st` stream token — identity for direct/remux, full recipe for transcode | durable compat row `PlaybackSession.Recipe` |
+| proxy node | self-describing path token, re-derived per request — the proxy holds no per-session state | same path token (identity); the recipe is not needed at the proxy |
+| transcode node | forwarded `X-Silo-Stream-Token`, recipe-complete | identity token + Redis `noderecipe` recipe (the Jellyfin token cannot carry it) |
+
+**Reading the matrix**
+
+- **Integrated and proxy-node restarts are unconditional** for every applicable
+  path. The proxy holds no authoritative per-session state — direct/remux are
+  re-served from the token's `MediaPath`, transcode is reverse-proxied — so a
+  proxy bounce, or a reroute to any in-group proxy (`pickProxy` is round-robin
+  with no session affinity), is transparent.
+- **The four `—` cells are structural, not gaps.** Direct and remux never run on
+  a transcode node — the proxy (or the integrated box) serves them from source
+  media — so a transcode-node restart has nothing to reconstruct on those paths.
+- **The one conditional (⚠️)** is jellycompat transcode after a *transcode-node*
+  restart. The node-hop token is identity-only — not because a Jellyfin client
+  cannot round-trip it (the token is server-minted and opaque to the client), but
+  because the recipe is mutated in place under a stable session id and a
+  third-party Jellyfin client cannot be driven to refresh a stale token, so a
+  token snapshot could reconstruct a stale rendition (see §10). The node therefore
+  rebuilds from the Redis `noderecipe` entry central overwrites on every switch
+  rather than from the token. Native transcode has no such dependency — every
+  native audio switch re-mints the token, so it is always recipe-complete and
+  current. This is the only native-vs-jellycompat asymmetry in reconstruction
+  (see §10).
+
+**Out of scope of this matrix** (accepted behaviors, not restart-reconstruction
+holes — see §7, §10):
+
+- Passive ban / partial access change of an in-flight node stream — enforced at
+  next play, bounded by the ≤24h token, not by reconstruction.
+- Integrated transcode behind a non-sticky load balancer can split-brain into
+  divergent segment dirs (P-1); safe single-front-end or with LB affinity. Remote
+  (node) sessions are immune — node affinity routes every front-end to the same
+  transcode node.

docs/superpowers/specs/2026-06-18-offline-sync-mobile-design.md

@@ -0,0 +1,711 @@
+# Offline sync for mobile (downloads v2) — design
+
+**Goal:** Let mobile clients (Android, Apple) download media for **fully offline** playback and keep
+watch state consistent across reconnects. Three pillars: (1) a **device-scoped download registry** —
+the server tracks what each device has downloaded; (2) an **offline playback manifest** — one bundle
+giving the client everything it needs to play with no network (metadata, subtitle files, artwork,
+chapter + intro/credits markers); (3) **offline progress reconciliation** — the client queues watch
+progress while offline and the server merges it on reconnect (last-write-wins). Downloads are requested
+through an admin-gated **quality** ladder (`original`, then bitrate presets), with server-side
+**transcode-to-a-single-file** for bitrate requests and compatibility fallback for devices that cannot
+play the source directly.
+
+**Status:** Approved — implementing. This capability cleared the Silo v1 scope gate on
+2026-06-18 (via the **v1 capability proposal** triage; template
+`.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/v1-capability-proposal.yml`), and the offline-sync/downloads-v2 work is now
+being implemented phase by phase against this design. Per the decision below, the
+`/api/v1/downloads` contract is **reshaped, not just extended** — acceptable because the change lands
+**before** scope lock (`docs/architecture/v1-scope.md`) and **before** any mobile client ships against
+it. This document began as the design input to that proposal and now serves as the implementation
+reference; it is kept in sync as the implementation lands.
+
+Decisions locked with the requester:
+- **Replace** the existing `internal/download` package with a new unified package (`internal/downloads`)
+  that absorbs today's download behavior and adds the three pillars.
+- **The existing `/api/v1/downloads` contract may be reshaped, not just extended.** The only current
+  consumer is the first-party web app, which is updated in lockstep. So downloads v2 is a single
+  coherent surface: one device-aware `downloads` table and one `/downloads/*` endpoint family — *not* a
+  frozen legacy table plus a parallel registry. (This intentionally diverges from the v1 additive-only
+  API rule, which is acceptable here because the change lands **before** scope lock and **before** any
+  mobile client ships against it — exactly the right time to reshape. The proposal must call this out so
+  reviewers/clients know the download contract changed pre-lock.)
+- **Quality is user-facing; delivery format is internal.** Clients request `quality` from the ordered
+  ladder `original > 20mbps > 10mbps > 5mbps > 2mbps > 1mbps`. `remux` is not a preset; it is a
+  server-selected `delivery_format` when `original` needs container/audio compatibility. Bitrate
+  presets are gated by a server setting **and** the per-user `download_transcode_allowed` flag.
+- **Transcode-to-single-file is in v1.** (Today's transcode pipeline only emits ephemeral HLS segments.)
+- **No expiry, no lease, no DRM.** Downloaded files persist on-device until the user deletes them; the
+  server can only revoke *future* downloads via `users.download_allowed`.
+- **No cross-device visibility** in v1 (a device sees its own entries, not other devices').
+
+**Implementation update (2026-06-20):** the current client-facing contract is documented in
+`docs/downloads-api.md`. The public request field is `quality`, capabilities expose
+`quality_presets`, rows expose `quality`, `effective_quality`, `delivery_format`,
+`target_bitrate_kbps`, and `revision`, and batch manifests are implemented at
+`GET /api/v1/downloads/batches/{batch_id}/manifests`.
+
+> Commands and paths in this document are repository-relative; assume the repository root is the cwd.
+
+## Why this shape
+
+- **One device-aware table, not two.** The original plan kept today's `downloads` table
+  (`migrations/sql/042_downloads.sql`, keyed on `user_id`) frozen and added a separate device registry,
+  purely to avoid breaking the existing contract. With that constraint lifted, the cleaner model is a
+  single `downloads` table reshaped to carry `device_id` (and `profile_id`). `device_id` is **nullable**:
+  - `device_id IS NULL` → an **ephemeral / account-level** download (today's web-app browser download:
+    pick a version, pull the file; the row is a convenience record, not a managed library entry).
+  - `device_id` set → a **managed device-library entry** (a phone "has" this file; durable; unique per
+    `(user, profile, device, content, episode)`; the target of manifest + progress reconciliation).
+  One table, one endpoint family, and the format/transcode machinery is shared by web and mobile alike.
+- **Device identity already exists in Postgres.** `migrations/sql/180_user_devices.sql` defines
+  `public.user_devices` keyed `(user_id, profile_id, device_id)` with FKs to `users` and
+  `user_profiles`. Device id arrives in the `X-Silo-Device-Id` header (see
+  `internal/api/handlers/settings.go:37`). Managed entries reference it; ephemeral rows leave it NULL.
+- **The last-write-wins primitive already exists.** `userstore.UserStore.SetProgressIfNewer(... updatedAt) (bool, error)`
+  (`internal/userstore/store.go:26`, implemented in `internal/userdb/progress.go:131`) is exactly the
+  merge semantics offline reconciliation needs. Progress reconciliation is therefore **additive changes
+  to the existing progress endpoints**, not new machinery, and it deliberately stays in the watch-state
+  domain rather than being folded into the downloads package.
+- **Manifests must never carry presigned URLs.** `catalog.ItemDetail` (`internal/catalog/detail.go`)
+  exposes `PosterURL`/`BackdropURL` as short-lived presigned S3 URLs — useless for an offline bundle
+  that may be opened days later. The manifest carries **stable** references (thumbhashes inline +
+  authenticated proxy endpoints the client fetches once at download time), so a stored manifest never
+  expires.
+- **Remux and transcode both need a produced file, not a live pipe.** A clean, seekable, resumable
+  download requires a finalized file (`-movflags +faststart` relocates the moov atom in a finalization
+  pass — impossible over a pure pipe). `internal/playback`'s current `ServeRemux`/`StartTranscode`
+  stream ephemeral output. So remux and transcode share one **prepare-to-file** job pipeline; only
+  `original` is served straight from the source on disk.
+
+## The replacement: `internal/downloads` (new package)
+
+`internal/download` (singular) is replaced by `internal/downloads` (plural). The new package owns the
+whole downloads domain; everything below lives in it unless noted.
+
+```
+internal/downloads/
+  model.go         — Download (web + device, one type), Artifact, OfflineManifest,
+                     quality/delivery constants, status constants, sentinel errors
+  repo.go          — Postgres CRUD: downloads (reshaped), download_artifacts
+  service.go       — orchestration: permission + quota checks, quality policy, create/list/serve
+  policy.go        — DownloadQualityResolver (quality ladder + delivery decision + server/user gates)
+  bandwidth.go     — BandwidthManager (ported from internal/download/bandwidth.go)
+  limiter.go       — QuantityLimiter (ported from internal/download/limiter.go)
+  manifest.go      — ManifestBuilder (assembles OfflineManifest; strips all presigned URLs)
+  artifacts.go     — ArtifactManager (async prepare-to-file jobs: remux + transcode, dedup, cleanup)
+  serve.go         — file serving for original source and prepared artifacts
+```
+
+**What it absorbs / reshapes** from `internal/download`: the `downloads` table and its endpoints, now
+reshaped to be device-aware and quality/delivery-aware; `BandwidthManager`; `QuantityLimiter`; the `Service`
+permission/quota/file-serving logic; and the `config.DownloadConfig` integration.
+
+**What stays out of the package (by design):**
+- **Progress reconciliation** is watch-state, not downloads. It is additive changes to
+  `internal/api/handlers/progress.go` + `internal/userstore`/`internal/userdb`, reusing
+  `SetProgressIfNewer`. Folding it into `internal/downloads` would couple two domains and duplicate the
+  LWW write.
+- **The encode/remux primitive** stays in `internal/playback` (it owns ffmpeg). `internal/downloads`
+  calls a new `playback.PrepareFile(...)`; it does not shell out to ffmpeg itself.
+
+**Cutover strategy:** because the web app is the only consumer and is updated in lockstep, Phase 0 is a
+*reshape*, not a verbatim port: move the logic into `internal/downloads`, reshape the table + endpoints
+(add device-awareness plus quality/delivery fields), update the web app's download hooks/components, delete
+`internal/download`. The handler `internal/api/handlers/downloads.go` already depends only on a narrow
+`DownloadService` interface, so the swap is mechanical; its request/response DTOs gain the new fields.
+
+## Data model (Goose migrations)
+
+Migrations are timestamped, created with `make migrate-create NAME=...` (never hand-numbered; never
+`goose fix`).
+
+### 1. Reshape `downloads` (device-aware, format-aware)
+
+A single migration alters the existing table. Downloads ship default-off with little/no production data,
+so widening it in place is safe.
+
+```sql
+-- +goose Up
+-- +goose StatementBegin
+ALTER TABLE public.downloads
+    ADD COLUMN profile_id  text,                         -- NULL for ephemeral/web rows
+    ADD COLUMN device_id   text,                         -- NULL = ephemeral; set = managed device entry
+    ADD COLUMN format      text NOT NULL DEFAULT 'original',
+    ADD COLUMN artifact_id text;                         -- set for remux/transcode once prepared
+
+ALTER TABLE public.downloads
+    ADD CONSTRAINT downloads_format_check CHECK (format IN ('original','remux','transcode'));
+
+-- Widen the status enum to cover the managed-entry lifecycle alongside the existing serve states.
+ALTER TABLE public.downloads DROP CONSTRAINT downloads_status_check;
+ALTER TABLE public.downloads ADD  CONSTRAINT downloads_status_check
+    CHECK (status IN ('queued','downloading','completed','failed','cancelled',  -- existing
+                      'registered','preparing','ready','revoked'));             -- managed entries
+
+-- One managed entry per (user, profile, device, content, episode). Ephemeral rows (NULL device_id)
+-- are exempt via the partial index.
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX downloads_device_entry_uidx
+    ON public.downloads (user_id, profile_id, device_id, content_id, COALESCE(episode_id, ''))
+    WHERE device_id IS NOT NULL;
+
+CREATE INDEX downloads_device_idx   ON public.downloads (user_id, profile_id, device_id) WHERE device_id IS NOT NULL;
+CREATE INDEX downloads_artifact_idx ON public.downloads (artifact_id) WHERE artifact_id IS NOT NULL;
+
+-- Composite FK to user_devices. MATCH SIMPLE (the default) skips the check whenever any column is NULL,
+-- so ephemeral rows (NULL device_id) are not constrained while managed entries are.
+ALTER TABLE public.downloads
+    ADD CONSTRAINT downloads_device_fkey
+    FOREIGN KEY (user_id, profile_id, device_id)
+    REFERENCES public.user_devices(user_id, profile_id, device_id) ON DELETE CASCADE;
+-- +goose StatementEnd
+
+-- +goose Down
+-- +goose StatementBegin
+ALTER TABLE public.downloads DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS downloads_device_fkey;
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS downloads_artifact_idx;
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS downloads_device_idx;
+DROP INDEX IF EXISTS downloads_device_entry_uidx;
+ALTER TABLE public.downloads DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS downloads_format_check;
+ALTER TABLE public.downloads DROP CONSTRAINT IF EXISTS downloads_status_check;
+ALTER TABLE public.downloads ADD  CONSTRAINT downloads_status_check
+    CHECK (status IN ('queued','downloading','completed','failed','cancelled'));
+ALTER TABLE public.downloads
+    DROP COLUMN artifact_id, DROP COLUMN format, DROP COLUMN device_id, DROP COLUMN profile_id;
+-- +goose StatementEnd
+```
+
+Status lifecycle:
+- **ephemeral / web** (`device_id IS NULL`): `queued → downloading → completed` / `failed` /
+  `cancelled` — exactly today's behavior, now also able to request `remux`/`transcode`.
+- **managed entry** (`device_id` set):
+  - `original`: `registered → ready` immediately (client pulls the source), then client reports
+    `completed`.
+  - `remux` / `transcode`: `registered → preparing` (artifact job runs) `→ ready → completed`; or
+    `failed`.
+  - `revoked`: admin/permission revocation of *future* access. Cannot delete the on-device file (no DRM
+    by decision); it only stops the server serving new bytes.
+
+The unique index uses `COALESCE(episode_id,'')` so movies (NULL `episode_id`) collapse to one managed
+entry per `(device, content)` without NULL-comparison surprises.
+
+### 2. `download_artifacts` — prepared (remux/transcode) files, deduplicated
+
+```sql
+-- +goose Up
+-- +goose StatementBegin
+CREATE TABLE public.download_artifacts (
+    id                text        NOT NULL,
+    media_file_id     integer     NOT NULL REFERENCES public.media_files(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    format            text        NOT NULL,            -- 'remux' | 'transcode'
+    params_hash       text        NOT NULL,            -- sha256 of the encode parameters (see below)
+    container         text        NOT NULL DEFAULT 'mp4',
+    codec_video       text        NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    codec_audio       text        NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    resolution        text        NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    audio_track_index integer     NOT NULL DEFAULT -1,
+    output_path       text        NOT NULL DEFAULT '', -- absolute path on the server's artifact volume
+    file_size         bigint      NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    status            text        NOT NULL DEFAULT 'queued',
+    error_message     text        NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    -- Durable-queue / crash-recovery columns (see "Durable artifact queue" below).
+    attempts          integer     NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    max_attempts      integer     NOT NULL DEFAULT 3,
+    lease_owner       text,                              -- worker/node id holding the running lease
+    lease_expires_at  timestamptz,                       -- NULL unless status='running'
+    next_retry_at     timestamptz,                       -- backoff gate for re-enqueue after a failure
+    created_at        timestamptz NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+    completed_at      timestamptz,
+    last_used_at      timestamptz NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+    CONSTRAINT download_artifacts_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id),
+    CONSTRAINT download_artifacts_unique UNIQUE (media_file_id, format, params_hash),
+    CONSTRAINT download_artifacts_status_check CHECK (status IN ('queued','running','ready','failed'))
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX download_artifacts_lru_idx       ON public.download_artifacts (last_used_at) WHERE status = 'ready';
+-- Claimable work: queued rows whose backoff has elapsed, plus running rows whose lease has expired.
+CREATE INDEX download_artifacts_claimable_idx ON public.download_artifacts (status, next_retry_at);
+CREATE INDEX download_artifacts_lease_idx     ON public.download_artifacts (lease_expires_at) WHERE status = 'running';
+-- +goose StatementEnd
+
+-- +goose Down
+-- +goose StatementBegin
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS public.download_artifacts;
+-- +goose StatementEnd
+```
+
+`params_hash = sha256(format | container | codec_video | codec_audio | resolution | audio_track_index | subtitle_burn_in)`.
+Two devices (or a web user and a phone) requesting the same 1080p H.264/AAC of the same source share one
+artifact. `last_used_at` drives LRU cleanup; `output_path` is on a configured artifact volume. The
+`attempts`/`lease_*`/`next_retry_at` columns make the table a **durable, recoverable job queue** (see the
+"Durable artifact queue" subsection) so a crash mid-encode cannot strand a download in `preparing`.
+
+### 3. Server settings (no DDL)
+
+`server_settings` is key/value, so new keys need no migration — written when an admin saves them, parsed
+in `internal/config/db_loader.go`:
+- `download.transcode_enabled` (bool, default **false**) — server gate for transcode-to-file.
+- `download.artifact_dir` (string) — artifact output volume; defaults under the existing transcode/temp root.
+- `download.max_concurrent_prepares` (int, default 2) — encode/remux worker-pool size.
+- `download.artifact_max_bytes` (int64, default 0 = unlimited) — LRU eviction budget for artifacts.
+
+`config.DownloadConfig` (`internal/config/config.go:299`) gains the matching fields; they hot-reload via
+the existing 30s-TTL cache (`internal/download/service.go:107` → ported), and the keys are registered as
+non-restart in `internal/config/restart_keys.go`.
+
+## Quality policy
+
+Resolved in `internal/downloads/policy.go` at create time, for both web and device flows:
+
+```go
+const (
+    QualityOriginal = "original"
+    Quality20Mbps   = "20mbps"
+    Quality10Mbps   = "10mbps"
+    Quality5Mbps    = "5mbps"
+    Quality2Mbps    = "2mbps"
+    Quality1Mbps    = "1mbps"
+)
+
+type QualityDecision struct {
+    RequestedQuality  string
+    EffectiveQuality  string
+    DeliveryFormat    string // original | remux | transcode
+    TargetBitrateKbps int
+    RequiresArtifact  bool
+}
+
+func (DownloadQualityResolver) Resolve(requested string, user *models.User,
+    cfg config.DownloadConfig, file *models.MediaFile, caps playback.ClientCapabilities,
+    artifactsAvailable bool) (QualityDecision, error)
+```
+
+Decision tree:
+1. Empty quality defaults to `original`.
+2. `original` direct-plays the source unless supplied device caps require a compatibility artifact.
+   Container/audio-only compatibility records `delivery_format=remux`; video transcode fallback records
+   `effective_quality=20mbps`, `delivery_format=transcode`.
+3. Bitrate presets require `cfg.TranscodeEnabled` (server), `user.DownloadTranscodeAllowed`, and an
+   available artifact pipeline. Server gate off → `ErrTranscodeDisabled` (403). User flag off →
+   `ErrDownloadNotAllowed` (403). Missing artifact pipeline → `ErrQualityUnavailable` (501).
+4. `remux` and `transcode` as request values are invalid public qualities.
+
+Target codec/resolution for compatibility artifacts and bitrate transcodes is chosen by reusing `playback.Resolve` /
+`playback.SelectVersion` (`internal/playback/resolver.go:60`) against the device's declared capabilities
+and the admin transcode ceilings, so download encoding matches streaming decisions exactly (no
+duplicated codec logic).
+
+## Transcode-to-file pipeline (v1)
+
+`internal/downloads/artifacts.go` — `ArtifactManager`. Remux and transcode share this; `original` never
+enters it.
+
+**On create of a remux/transcode download (web or device):**
+1. Resolve target params (codec/res/container/audio track) → compute `params_hash`.
+2. `INSERT ... ON CONFLICT (media_file_id, format, params_hash) DO NOTHING` into `download_artifacts`;
+   read the row. If `status = ready`, link `downloads.artifact_id`, set `status = ready`,
+   `file_size = artifact.file_size`, bump `last_used_at`. Done — no new encode.
+3. Otherwise the download row is `preparing`; if the artifact is freshly `queued`, enqueue an encode job.
+
+**Encode worker** (bounded pool of `download.max_concurrent_prepares`, hosted on the existing
+`internal/taskmanager` worker machinery so jobs are tracked, observable in admin, and cancellable):
+1. **Claim a job transactionally** (see "Durable artifact queue" below) — never just "enqueue freshly
+   queued rows," which loses work on restart.
+2. Call a new `playback.PrepareFile(ctx, opts)` that builds **single-file** ffmpeg args and writes to
+   `output_path + ".part"`, then atomically renames to `output_path`:
+   - **remux:** `-map ... -c copy -movflags +faststart -f mp4` (fast, near disk-throughput).
+   - **transcode:** the existing encode args (reuse the `buildFFmpegArgs` logic / `TranscodeOpts` at
+     `internal/playback/transcode.go:30`, incl. HW-accel, audio-track selection, optional subtitle
+     burn-in) but targeting `-movflags +faststart -f mp4` to a file instead of `-f hls`.
+   `TranscodeOpts` already carries every needed field (`InputPath`, `TargetCodecVideo/Audio`,
+   `TargetResolution`, `HWAccel`, `AudioTrackIndex`, `SubtitleBurnIn`, `TotalDuration`).
+3. On success: artifact → `ready` (`file_size`/`completed_at`, clear lease); flip every linked download
+   row → `ready`; publish a `user_state`/`downloads` event on the events hub (`internal/events`) so a
+   waiting client pulls without polling.
+4. On failure: increment `attempts`, set `error_message`/`next_retry_at` (backoff). If
+   `attempts >= max_attempts` → artifact `failed` and linked rows `failed`; otherwise return it to
+   `queued` for retry. Either way, delete the stale `.part` file.
+
+**Durable artifact queue (crash/restart recovery).** The artifact table is the queue of record, so a
+process exit mid-encode cannot strand a download in `preparing` forever:
+- **Transactional claim:** a worker claims a job with a single statement —
+  `UPDATE download_artifacts SET status='running', lease_owner=$me, lease_expires_at=now()+$lease, attempts=attempts+1
+   WHERE id = (SELECT id FROM download_artifacts
+               WHERE (status='queued' AND (next_retry_at IS NULL OR next_retry_at <= now()))
+                  OR (status='running' AND lease_expires_at < now())   -- steal expired leases
+               ORDER BY created_at LIMIT 1 FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED) RETURNING *`.
+  `FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED` makes concurrent workers (and multiple nodes) safe without double-encoding.
+- **Lease heartbeat:** a running worker periodically extends `lease_expires_at`; if it dies, the lease
+  expires and another worker (or the startup sweep) reclaims the job.
+- **Startup sweep:** on boot, reset `running` rows with an expired lease back to `queued` (bounded by
+  `max_attempts`), and re-link any `preparing` download rows to their artifact's real state. A `ready`
+  artifact whose `output_path` is missing on disk is reset to `queued` (the file was lost).
+- **Idempotency:** the encode writes to `output_path + ".part"` and atomically renames; a reclaimed job
+  overwrites its own `.part`. `output_path` is deterministic from `(media_file_id, format, params_hash)`.
+- **No silent stranding:** a download stuck in `preparing` past a bound is surfaced (admin task + a
+  `failed` transition with reason), never left invisibly hung.
+
+**Serving** (`internal/downloads/serve.go`, `GET /downloads/{id}/file`):
+- `original`: open `media_files.file_path`, `http.ServeContent` (Range/resume) wrapped in the ported
+  `BandwidthManager.ThrottledReader`. Same path as today's `serveFileDownload`.
+- `remux`/`transcode`: require `status = ready`; serve `artifact.output_path` the same way (Range/resume
+  + throttle); bump `last_used_at`.
+
+**Cleanup:** an admin/cron job (mirroring `internal/playback/transcode_cleanup.go`) evicts `ready`
+artifacts whose `last_used_at` is older than a retention window or when the total exceeds
+`download.artifact_max_bytes` (LRU), but never one still linked by an active managed download row,
+including completed rows that represent a device's local library state.
+Whatever is dropped is logged (no silent truncation).
+
+## Offline playback manifest
+
+`internal/downloads/manifest.go` builds `OfflineManifest` from `catalog`'s existing detail path (reusing
+`catalog.ItemDetail` assembly — markers, chapters, subtitle list, versions) and then **strips every
+presigned URL**. The manifest is stable: a client can store it and re-read it offline indefinitely.
+Manifest + asset endpoints are only meaningful for managed device entries (`device_id` set).
+
+```go
+type OfflineManifest struct {
+    DownloadID        string `json:"download_id"`
+    ContentID         string `json:"content_id"`
+    EpisodeID         string `json:"episode_id,omitempty"`
+    Type              string `json:"type"` // movie | episode
+    Revision          int    `json:"revision"`
+    Quality           string `json:"quality"`
+    EffectiveQuality  string `json:"effective_quality"`
+    DeliveryFormat    string `json:"delivery_format"`
+    TargetBitrateKbps int    `json:"target_bitrate_kbps"`
+    MediaFileID       int    `json:"media_file_id"`
+    FileSize          int64  `json:"file_size"`
+
+    Title         string   `json:"title"`
+    Year          int      `json:"year,omitempty"`
+    Overview      string   `json:"overview,omitempty"`
+    Runtime       int      `json:"runtime,omitempty"`
+    ContentRating string   `json:"content_rating,omitempty"`
+    Genres        []string `json:"genres,omitempty"`
+    SeriesID      string   `json:"series_id,omitempty"`
+    SeriesTitle   string   `json:"series_title,omitempty"`
+    SeasonNumber  *int     `json:"season_number,omitempty"`
+    EpisodeNumber *int     `json:"episode_number,omitempty"`
+
+    // Artwork: stable thumbhashes inline (immediate offline placeholder) + authenticated proxy URLs
+    // the client downloads ONCE at download time. Never presigned S3 URLs.
+    PosterThumbhash   string `json:"poster_thumbhash,omitempty"`
+    BackdropThumbhash string `json:"backdrop_thumbhash,omitempty"`
+    ArtworkURLs       struct {
+        Poster   string `json:"poster,omitempty"`
+        Backdrop string `json:"backdrop,omitempty"`
+        Logo     string `json:"logo,omitempty"`
+    } `json:"artwork_urls"`
+
+    // Playback metadata
+    Container  string `json:"container"`
+    CodecVideo string `json:"codec_video"`
+    CodecAudio string `json:"codec_audio"`
+    Resolution string `json:"resolution"`
+    HDR        bool   `json:"hdr"`
+    Duration   int    `json:"duration_seconds"`
+
+    Chapters []OfflineChapter `json:"chapters,omitempty"`
+    Intro    *Marker          `json:"intro,omitempty"`
+    Credits  *Marker          `json:"credits,omitempty"`
+    Recap    *Marker          `json:"recap,omitempty"`
+    Preview  *Marker          `json:"preview,omitempty"`
+
+    Subtitles []OfflineSubtitle `json:"subtitles"`
+
+    // Stable identity so the client can re-resolve content_id after a server-side rescan
+    // (mirrors userstore.WatchIdentity at internal/userstore/types.go:130).
+    StableIdentity OfflineIdentity `json:"stable_identity"`
+
+    ManifestVersion int    `json:"manifest_version"`  // bump on DTO shape change
+    GeneratedAt     string `json:"generated_at"`      // RFC3339
+}
+
+type OfflineSubtitle struct {
+    Language        string `json:"language"`
+    Format          string `json:"format"`   // srt | ass | vtt
+    Forced          bool   `json:"forced"`
+    HearingImpaired bool   `json:"hearing_impaired"`
+    External        bool   `json:"external"`
+    FetchURL        string `json:"fetch_url"` // authenticated proxy; client downloads at download time
+    FileSize        int64  `json:"file_size,omitempty"`
+}
+```
+
+**Artwork/subtitle proxies** (replace presigning):
+- `GET /downloads/{id}/artwork/{kind}` (`kind` ∈ `poster|backdrop|logo`) reads the raw stored path and
+  **streams the bytes** through the existing image resolver instead of redirecting to a presigned URL.
+  The client caches these once.
+- `GET /downloads/{id}/subtitles/{ref}` (`ref` encodes `external:{index}` or `downloaded:{id}`) streams
+  the subtitle file (external sub from disk; downloaded sub from S3 via the existing subtitle manager).
+
+Both are authorized under the **full managed-entry rule** (see "Security & reliability invariants"):
+the row must match `(user_id, profile_id, header device_id)`, and content/library access is **re-checked
+for the requesting profile** before any bytes are served (a download id alone never authorizes access).
+They are session-authenticated rather than time-limited tokens, so a manifest stored on-device stays valid.
+
+## Progress reconciliation
+
+Two **additive** changes. The naïve version (route the client's wall-clock straight into
+`SetProgressIfNewer` and drive `?since=` off the same column) is **unsafe**: a skewed or malicious device
+can submit a far-future timestamp, win LWW permanently over genuinely-newer server activity, and poison
+the cursor (a future-dated row makes a reader advance its cursor past real writes). So the design
+**separates client event time from server ordering**.
+
+The watch-progress row gains two server-owned facets (LWW key vs. cursor ordering):
+- **`event_at`** — the client-observed wall-clock for the progress event, used as the **LWW comparison
+  key**, but **bounded on ingest**: `event_at = min(client_updated_at, server_now + skew)` with a small
+  skew window (e.g. 2m); a value past the window is clamped to `server_now` (and logged). For an online
+  write `event_at = server_now`. Bounding means a client can at most claim "now" for its **own profile's**
+  progress — which it is already entitled to do — and can never lock in a far-future value.
+- **`synced_seq`** — a **server-assigned monotonic** marker set on every write (a sequence, or
+  server-ingest timestamp with a tie-breaker). It is **never** client-influenced and is the sole basis
+  for the `?since=` cursor.
+
+**Write — `POST /api/v1/sync/progress`** (`internal/api/handlers/progress.go:230`): add an optional
+`updated_at` (RFC3339) per item = the client event time. The handler clamps it (above) and merges via an
+extended `SetProgressIfNewer` whose comparison is on the **bounded `event_at`**, while the server stamps
+`synced_seq` itself. Absent `updated_at` → behavior is exactly as today (server `now()`), so existing
+callers (incl. watchsync) are unaffected. Completion is never inferred from the timestamp alone — the
+existing watched-threshold logic still gates `completed`.
+
+```go
+type syncProgressItem struct {
+    MediaItemID    string  `json:"media_item_id"`
+    Position       float64 `json:"position"`
+    Duration       float64 `json:"duration"`
+    ForceOverwrite bool    `json:"force_overwrite"`
+    UpdatedAt      *string `json:"updated_at,omitempty"` // NEW: RFC3339; client EVENT time (server clamps it)
+}
+```
+
+**Read — `GET /api/v1/progress?since=<cursor>`** (`internal/api/handlers/progress.go:86`): the `since`
+cursor is an **opaque server token over `synced_seq`**, not a client timestamp. When present, only rows
+with `synced_seq > cursor` are returned (use a sequence, or `>=` + id de-dup if a timestamp marker is
+used, to avoid tie loss). The response carries the next cursor. This makes delta delivery immune to
+client clock skew. Requires `UserStore.ListProgressSince(ctx, profileID, cursor)` in both backends
+(`internal/userdb`, `internal/userstore/pgstore`) ordering/filtering on `synced_seq`. Absent `since` →
+identical to today.
+
+Adding a `UserStore` method (and the `event_at`/`synced_seq` columns to the per-user `watch_progress`
+schema) touches every stub implementation; ship the implementations, the schema change, and the shared
+store test suite update (`internal/userstore/storetest`) in the same PR.
+
+**Net safety:** honest clients still get correct "most-recent actual watch wins" LWW; a dishonest clock
+is bounded to claiming "now" for its own profile (no authority it didn't already have), and cursors —
+the cross-device delivery mechanism — never depend on a client clock at all.
+
+## API surface (one `/downloads/*` family; existing endpoints reshaped)
+
+The web app is updated in lockstep, so existing endpoints are reshaped rather than frozen.
+
+**Reshaped (existing):**
+```
+POST   /downloads            body {content_id, episode_id?, file_id?, quality?, series?, caps?};
+                             X-Silo-Device-Id present → managed entry; absent → ephemeral/web row.
+                             `quality` is original by default; bitrate presets are single-item only.
+GET    /downloads            managed entries for the CALLING device (device from header); ephemeral rows otherwise
+DELETE /downloads/{id}       remove a row owned by (user, profile, header device)
+GET    /downloads/{id}/file  serve original (source) or prepared artifact (Range/resume + throttle)
+GET|HEAD /direct-download    one-shot browser download, original-only (browser-friendly, token-in-URL)
+```
+The response DTO gains `device_id`, `quality`, `effective_quality`, `delivery_format`,
+`target_bitrate_kbps`, `revision`, artifact-derived readiness, and the new statuses.
+**`device_id` is authoritative only from the `X-Silo-Device-Id` header — never from the body or query**
+(a body/query value could only ever be a display hint, and is not accepted as authority).
+
+**Bitrate qualities are single-item only.** A series batch (`series:true`) and
+`/direct-download` are **original-quality only**: `/direct-download` streams
+synchronously and cannot wait on an async encode, and a series batch would otherwise
+fan out N encode jobs. A client that wants prepared transcodes for a series requests
+each episode individually. `DownloadQualityResolver` rejects bulk bitrate requests
+with `ErrBulkQualityUnavailable` / HTTP 501.
+
+**New — capability / feature detection** (pattern from `internal/api/handlers/notifications.go:324`):
+```
+GET /downloads/capability
+→ { "enabled": bool, "download_allowed": bool,
+    "quality_presets": ["original","20mbps","10mbps","5mbps","2mbps","1mbps"],
+    "transcode_enabled": bool, "transcode_user_allowed": bool,
+    "season_download": bool, "series_monitoring": bool }
+```
+
+**New — managed-entry lifecycle + offline bundle:**
+```
+PATCH /downloads/{id}                         body {status:"downloading"|"completed"}
+GET   /downloads/{id}/manifest                → OfflineManifest
+GET   /downloads/batches/{batch_id}/manifests → {manifests:[OfflineManifest]}
+GET   /downloads/{id}/artwork/{kind}          → image bytes  (poster|backdrop|logo)
+GET   /downloads/{id}/subtitles/{ref}         → subtitle bytes
+```
+
+**Progress reconciliation:** additive fields on existing `POST /sync/progress` and `GET /progress`
+(above). No new routes.
+
+Routes mount in the existing authenticated group where the current download routes live
+(`internal/api/router.go:2121`). **Every managed-entry endpoint — create, list, `PATCH`, `DELETE`,
+`/file`, `/manifest`, `/artwork`, `/subtitles` — is profile-scoped (`RequireProfile`) and authorizes the
+row on `(user_id, profile_id, header device_id)`** (not `user_id` alone — household profiles share a
+`user_id`, so a user-only check would leak one profile's downloads to another). A managed call requires
+`X-Silo-Device-Id` (missing header on a managed create → `400 device_id_required`); ephemeral web rows
+omit it and stay account-scoped. Byte-serving and asset endpoints additionally **re-check per-profile
+content/library access** (the existing access filter / `EnsureAccessible`) before serving, so a stale or
+out-of-scope row — e.g. a child profile, or a profile that lost library access — cannot pull restricted
+media by download id even if the row exists.
+
+## Data flows
+
+**Ephemeral web download (reshaped existing flow, quality-aware)**
+```
+POST /downloads {content_id, quality:"original", caps:{...}}            (no device id → ephemeral)
+ → Resolve quality/delivery · permission · quota
+ → compatibility artifact: ArtifactManager.Ensure → preparing|ready ; direct original: ready immediately
+client → GET /downloads/{id}/file → serveContent(source|artifact, Range, throttle)
+```
+
+**Register a managed bitrate download (mobile)**
+```
+POST /downloads {content_id, quality:"5mbps", caps:{...}}  (+X-Silo-Device-Id, +X-Profile-Id)
+ → Resolve: cfg.TranscodeEnabled && user.DownloadTranscodeAllowed → delivery_format=transcode
+ → upsert downloads (device entry, status=preparing)
+ → ArtifactManager.Ensure(media_file_id, params): ON CONFLICT dedup → enqueue encode if new
+encode worker → playback.PrepareFile(... -movflags +faststart) → rename → artifact=ready
+            → linked rows=ready → events hub notify
+client (on notify) → GET /downloads/{id}/file → serveContent(artifact, Range, throttle)
+                  → GET /downloads/{id}/manifest → download ArtworkURLs.* and Subtitles[].FetchURL once
+                  → PATCH /downloads/{id} {status:"completed"}
+```
+
+**Offline progress, reconnect**
+```
+(offline) client queues {media_item_id, position, duration, updated_at} per stop
+(online)  POST /sync/progress {items:[... updated_at ...]} → SetProgressIfNewer per item
+          GET  /progress?since=<cursor> → rows changed elsewhere since last sync
+```
+
+## Phased build sequence (each phase independently shippable)
+
+- **Phase 0 — Reshape + scaffolding (coordinated web update).** Create `internal/downloads`; reshape the
+  `downloads` table (device plus quality/delivery columns, widened status) and the `/downloads` +
+  `/direct-download` endpoints to be quality-aware; port `BandwidthManager`/`QuantityLimiter`/serving;
+  extend `config.DownloadConfig` (+ new keys, default-off); add quality/delivery constants + sentinel
+  errors; add `GET /downloads/capability`. Update the web app's download hooks/components
+  (`web/src/hooks/queries/downloads.ts`, `web/src/components/DownloadVersionPicker.tsx`) to the reshaped
+  DTOs. Delete `internal/download`.
+- **Phase 1 — Managed device entries.** Device-aware create/list/patch/delete; managed-entry serving for
+  `original`; `X-Silo-Device-Id` handling + the device-entry unique constraint. **Invariant 2** lands
+  here: profile+device authorization on every managed endpoint, header-only `device_id` authority.
+  *Acceptance tests:* a second profile on the same `user_id` is denied a managed row's `/file` and
+  `PATCH`/`DELETE`; a body/query `device_id` cannot override the header.
+- **Phase 2 — Offline manifest.** `ManifestBuilder`; manifest + artwork + subtitle proxy endpoints, each
+  under the invariant-2 authorization + a per-profile content-access re-check before serving.
+  *Acceptance test:* a child/library-restricted profile is denied artwork/subtitle/manifest for an
+  out-of-scope download id.
+- **Phase 3 — Prepare-to-file (remux + transcode) [v1-critical].** `download_artifacts` migration (incl.
+  lease/attempt columns); `ArtifactManager` as a **durable leased queue** (transactional claim, lease
+  heartbeat, startup sweep, `.part` cleanup) per **invariant 3**; `playback.PrepareFile`; encode worker on
+  `taskmanager`; ready-state serving; events notification; cleanup job. Turn `download.transcode_enabled`
+  on. *Acceptance test:* kill the process mid-encode → on restart the artifact re-enqueues and the linked
+  download reaches `ready` (no permanent `preparing`); concurrent workers never double-encode.
+- **Phase 4 — Progress reconciliation.** `event_at` (clamped) + server-assigned `synced_seq` columns on
+  `watch_progress`; clamped `updated_at` on `POST /sync/progress`; server-token `?since=` on
+  `GET /progress`; `ListProgressSince` in both stores + store test suite, per **invariant 1**.
+  *Acceptance test:* a future-dated client `updated_at` is clamped (cannot win over a later real write)
+  and never advances another device's cursor.
+
+Phase 0 precedes all and is the coordinated server+web reshape. Phases 1/2/4 are independent; Phase 3
+depends on 1. Remux can ship in Phase 3 even if transcode stays admin-off.
+
+## Client impact
+
+- **Android (`silo-android`):** persist a stable `device_id` (UUID in app storage) and send
+  `X-Silo-Device-Id`; call `/downloads/capability` on login to gate UI; register downloads, poll/listen
+  for `ready`, pull the file, store the manifest + artwork + subtitle files locally; play the local file
+  with ExoPlayer; queue offline progress with timestamps in a Room table and flush via
+  `POST /sync/progress`, then pull deltas with `GET /progress?since=`.
+- **Apple (`silo-apple`):** same flow; `device_id` from `identifierForVendor` (or stored UUID on macOS);
+  `URLSession` background download against `GET /downloads/{id}/file`; AVFoundation plays the local file;
+  offline progress queue drained on reconnect. The manifest's markers/chapters reuse the types already
+  used for online playback.
+- **Web (`web/`):** updated in lockstep in **Phase 0** — the download hooks/components move to the
+  reshaped `/downloads` DTOs (quality/effective quality/delivery fields, new statuses). New admin additions: a
+  `download.transcode_enabled` toggle in admin settings, plus the existing per-user
+  `download_transcode_allowed` switch in `web/src/pages/AdminUserDetail.tsx`. No offline-library UI on web.
+
+## Security & reliability invariants (must-hold)
+
+These three are correctness requirements, not nice-to-haves; each ships with the acceptance test named in
+the phase plan. They were hardened in response to an adversarial design review.
+
+1. **Server-owned sync ordering.** Cross-device delta delivery (`?since=`) is driven only by the
+   server-assigned `synced_seq`; the client clock is bounded metadata (`event_at`, clamped to
+   `now + skew`) used only for LWW conflict resolution on the caller's own profile. A client-supplied
+   timestamp can never advance another reader's cursor or lock in a far-future "win."
+2. **Full profile + device authorization.** Every managed-entry endpoint authorizes on
+   `(user_id, profile_id, header device_id)` and re-checks per-profile content/library access before
+   serving bytes/assets. A download id is never sufficient; `device_id` authority is the header only.
+   This holds the "no cross-device visibility" and "no cross-profile leakage" invariants given that
+   household profiles share a `user_id`.
+3. **Durable artifact recovery.** Artifact preparation is a leased, attempt-counted, transactionally
+   claimed queue with a startup sweep, so no crash/restart can strand a download in `preparing` or
+   double-encode the same artifact.
+
+## Risks & trade-offs
+
+- **Coordinated server+web reshape (Phase 0).** Reshaping `/downloads` requires the web app to land in
+  the same milestone. Mitigated because both are first-party and the reshape is mechanical (added fields,
+  not removed behavior for the existing web path).
+- **One table, two lifecycles.** A nullable `device_id` plus a wide status enum carries both ephemeral
+  and managed rows. Deliberate and managed (partial unique index + MATCH-SIMPLE FK keep the two modes'
+  invariants clean); the alternative two-table split was only justified by the now-lifted compat
+  constraint.
+- **Artifact disk + CPU cost.** Mitigated by `(media_file_id, format, params_hash)` dedup (shared across
+  web/devices/users), a bounded encode pool, LRU/byte-budget cleanup, and transcode being **off by
+  default** (admin opt-in).
+- **Remux is not free for a clean downloadable file.** `+faststart` needs a finalization pass, so even
+  remux is a prepare-to-file job. It is fast (`-c copy`) but not instant; `preparing → ready` + push
+  notification covers the UX.
+- **`content_id` can change on rescan.** The manifest carries `StableIdentity` (provider IDs +
+  season/episode) mirroring `WatchIdentity` so the client re-resolves after a catalog rebind; the stale
+  row doesn't break the on-device file.
+- **No expiry by decision.** A revoked `download_allowed` stops *future* serves (re-checked each serve,
+  as today at `internal/download/service.go:345`) but cannot remove an already-downloaded file. Call this
+  out in admin copy.
+- **LWW vs. client clocks (resolved, see invariant 1).** Conflict resolution uses a clamped `event_at`
+  and delivery uses the server-owned `synced_seq`, so a skewed/malicious clock is bounded to "now" on its
+  own profile and cannot poison cursors. Residual: an honest-but-wrong client clock within the skew
+  window can still mis-order two of *its own* near-simultaneous events — acceptable.
+- **Authorization breadth (resolved, see invariant 2).** The per-endpoint profile+device authorization
+  and pre-serve access re-check are load-bearing; the acceptance suite must include a cross-profile and a
+  cross-device denial test, since a regression here is a content-access leak, not just a bug.
+- **`UserStore` gains a method + `watch_progress` gains columns.** `ListProgressSince` plus the
+  `event_at`/`synced_seq` columns touch every store implementor/stub and the per-user schema — all in the
+  Phase 4 PR.
+- **Quota semantics.** v1: all download rows (web + device) count toward the **same** per-user
+  `QuantityLimiter`; revisit if too coarse.
+
+## Out of scope (deferred)
+
+Cross-device download visibility; download expiry/lease/DRM; cumulative per-user storage-byte quotas;
+push-to-client "your transcode is ready" beyond the existing events hub; server-initiated deletion of
+client-side files.
+
+## Appendix — proposal-ready summary (maps to the v1 capability template)
+
+- **Summary:** Mobile apps can download movies/episodes for fully offline playback — choosing original
+  or an admin-gated bitrate quality — and watch progress stays consistent when the device reconnects.
+  The web app's existing download feature is folded into the same reshaped contract. Remux remains an
+  internal delivery format, not a client-facing quality preset.
+- **User value / why v1:** Offline playback is table-stakes for mobile media clients (commutes, flights,
+  spotty networks) and the client teams need the download + sync contract locked to build against.
+  Reshaping the existing download contract now — before lock and before any mobile client ships against
+  it — is the right time; the only current consumer is the first-party web app, updated in lockstep.
+- **API surface:** the reshaped + new `/downloads/*` endpoints listed in "API surface" above (capability,
+  device-aware create/list/patch, file serving, manifest/artwork/subtitle proxies) plus
+  `updated_at`/`?since=` on the progress endpoints. **Note for reviewers:** this *changes* the existing
+  `/downloads` contract (additive-only is intentionally waived pre-lock for this first-party endpoint).
+- **Client impact:** Android — full offline UI + sync; Apple — full offline UI + sync; Web — lockstep
+  Phase-0 DTO update + admin toggles.
+- **Rough size (server-side):** **L** (new package replacing the old one, table reshape + artifacts
+  table, async encode pipeline, manifest assembly, additive progress sync).

docs/superpowers/specs/2026-07-01-download-limits-restrictions-design.md

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+# Download limits & restrictions (downloads v2) — design
+
+**Goal:** Extend downloads v2 with the restriction knobs admins actually need: (1) a **quality
+ceiling** — server-wide and per-user — so a user can be allowed to download, even transcode, but
+only up to a capped bitrate; (2) a **batch size cap** protecting the server from a single series
+request fanning out into hundreds of rows and transcode jobs; (3) **per-user overrides** for the
+existing global quantity and bandwidth limits, following the established `users.max_streams` /
+`users.max_transcodes` pattern, so households can tier users without changing the global policy.
+
+**Status:** Draft — design input for a v1 capability proposal (Silo v1 scope gate,
+`docs/architecture/v1-scope.md`). All API changes are additive within `/api/v1`.
+
+Decisions locked with the requester:
+- **No device/user storage caps.** Device disk is the client's job (per-subscription
+  `max_storage_bytes` already covers the monitoring case); server disk is already covered by
+  `download.artifact_max_bytes`; serving volume is already covered by bandwidth + per-period quotas.
+- **No expiry / lease / revocation of already-downloaded files.** Unchanged from the downloads v2
+  design (`docs/superpowers/specs/2026-06-18-offline-sync-mobile-design.md`).
+- **Transcode restriction already exists** (`download.transcode_enabled` +
+  `users.download_transcode_allowed`) and is kept as-is; the quality ceiling composes with it
+  ("transcode allowed, but only up to 5mbps").
+- **Admin observability (downloads dashboard, admin list/revoke endpoints) is a separate effort**,
+  not part of this spec.
+
+> Commands and paths in this document are repository-relative; assume the repository root is the cwd.
+
+## Current state (what this builds on)
+
+Enforcement today lives in `internal/downloads`:
+
+- **Policy** — `policy.go`: `DownloadQualityResolver.Resolve` validates a requested quality from the
+  ladder `original > 20mbps > 10mbps > 5mbps > 2mbps > 1mbps` and gates bitrate presets on
+  `cfg.TranscodeEnabled && user.DownloadTranscodeAllowed`. `PresetsFor` advertises the fulfillable
+  ladder through `GET /api/v1/downloads/capability` (`quality_presets`), so clients render only what
+  the server will honor.
+- **Quantity** — `limiter.go`: `QuantityLimiter.Check(ctx, userID, batchSize)` enforces the global
+  `download.max_concurrent_per_user` and `download.max_per_period` / `download.period_duration`
+  settings (0 = unlimited) against `CountActiveByUser` / `CountByUserSince`.
+- **Bandwidth** — `bandwidth.go`: `BandwidthManager` token-buckets file serving with one server-wide
+  rate and one per-user rate (`download.server_bandwidth_mbps`, `download.user_bandwidth_mbps`),
+  caching one `rate.Limiter` per user id.
+- **Per-user flags** — `users.download_allowed`, `users.download_transcode_allowed`
+  (`internal/auth/repository.go`), exposed on the admin users API (`internal/api/handlers/admin.go`)
+  and web UI (`web/src/pages/AdminUserDetail.tsx`).
+- **Bulk** — `service.go` `createSeriesScoped` fans a series/season request into managed entries with
+  no upper bound; `resolveBulkQuality` intentionally keeps batches **original-only**
+  (`ErrBulkQualityUnavailable`). Subscription sync auto-registers in-scope episodes without
+  consuming the quantity limiter (by design).
+- **Serve-time re-check** — `Service.ServeFile` re-resolves policy on every file request, so
+  disabling downloads or revoking a user flag takes effect immediately for anything not yet pulled.
+
+Settings are freeform keys with defaults and validation in `internal/config/db_loader.go`, hot-
+reloaded by `Service.loadConfig` (which also reloads the limiter and bandwidth manager on change),
+and edited in `web/src/pages/admin-settings/DownloadSettings.tsx`.
+
+## 1. Quality ceiling
+
+### Semantics
+
+- New server setting **`download.max_quality`** (string; `""` = no cap; otherwise one of the quality
+  ladder values). New nullable per-user column **`users.download_max_quality`** (`NULL` = inherit the
+  server setting; otherwise one of the ladder values).
+- The **effective ceiling** for a user is the *lower* of the server setting and the user column on
+  the ordered ladder (`original` is the top). A ceiling below `original` deliberately forbids
+  `original` — that is the point: "this user gets at most a 5mbps transcode, never the full file."
+- Enforcement is **presets-first**: `PresetsFor` truncates the advertised ladder at the effective
+  ceiling, so compliant clients never offer a forbidden quality and **no client changes are
+  required** (clients already read `quality_presets` from the capability endpoint).
+- `Resolve` independently rejects any request above the ceiling with a new sentinel
+  `ErrQualityNotPermitted` (handler maps it alongside the existing limit errors as HTTP 403,
+  distinct from `ErrInvalidQuality`), so a non-compliant client cannot bypass the cap.
+- The **original-compatibility fallback** inside `Resolve` (original → remux/transcode when the
+  device can't play the source) must clamp its chosen `EffectiveQuality`/bitrate to the ceiling.
+  In practice a sub-original ceiling makes the fallback moot — `original` is already rejected — but
+  the clamp keeps the invariant local to `Resolve` rather than depending on call-site ordering.
+- **Serve-time**: the existing `ServeFile` policy re-check additionally denies rows whose
+  `effective_quality` exceeds the user's *current* ceiling. Consistent with today's revocation
+  semantics: lowering a cap stops future serving of higher-quality registered entries; files already
+  on-device are untouched (no expiry).
+
+### Interactions (documented behavior, not bugs)
+
+- **Ceiling below `original` + `download_transcode_allowed = false`** → the fulfillable preset list
+  is empty and the capability endpoint reports no presets; the user effectively cannot download.
+  This is legal admin configuration. The admin UI shows a hint on the per-user field when this
+  combination is selected ("a sub-original cap requires the transcode permission").
+- **Series/season/monitoring downloads are original-only today** (`resolveBulkQuality`). A user
+  capped below `original` therefore cannot create series/season batches or receive subscription
+  auto-registrations; those paths return `ErrQualityNotPermitted` (create) or skip registration with
+  a `SkippedDownload` reason `quality_not_permitted` (subscription sync). This is accepted for now
+  and called out here so it is not rediscovered as a bug. Lifting it means bulk transcode — a
+  deliberate follow-up, not smuggled into this change.
+
+### Implementation
+
+- `Resolve`/`PresetsFor` gain the ceiling input. Rather than growing the parameter lists further,
+  introduce a small `PolicyInput`/`userPolicy` struct (user + cfg + artifactsAvailable) if the
+  signatures get unwieldy — implementer's choice; behavior is what is specified above.
+- Ladder comparison helper in `internal/downloads/model.go` (e.g. `QualityAtMost(q, ceiling) bool`
+  using the `QualityPresets` order) — no string parsing of bitrates.
+- Validation: `db_loader.go` rejects a `download.max_quality` value not on the ladder; the users
+  API rejects invalid `download_max_quality` the same way (shared validation via
+  `downloads.ValidQuality`, with `""`/`NULL` allowed).
+
+## 2. Batch size cap
+
+- New server setting **`download.max_batch_size`** (int; default **100**; 0 = unlimited): the
+  maximum number of managed entries one explicit series/season create may register, and the maximum
+  auto-registered per subscription-sync pass.
+- **Explicit series/season create** (`createSeriesScoped`): if the in-scope episode count (after
+  access filtering and skip computation) exceeds the cap, **reject** the whole request with a new
+  sentinel `ErrBatchTooLarge` (HTTP 400, error body includes the cap so clients can message "try a
+  season at a time or subscribe"). Rejection is chosen over truncation because a silently partial
+  one-shot batch never self-heals — there is no later pass that picks up the remainder.
+- **Subscription sync** (`subscription_service.go`): **truncate** each pass at the cap (stable
+  episode order). Truncation is correct here because sync recomputes in-scope-but-unregistered
+  episodes every pass, so the remainder registers on subsequent syncs — natural pagination, and one
+  monster series cannot monopolize a sync pass or the artifact queue.
+- The capability response additively gains **`max_batch_size`** (int, 0 = unlimited) so clients can
+  preflight ("this series has 340 episodes; the server accepts 100 per request") instead of
+  discovering the limit by error.
+
+## 3. Per-user quantity & bandwidth overrides
+
+- Three new nullable columns on `users`, mirroring the `max_streams` pattern
+  (`internal/models/user.go`, `internal/auth/repository.go`):
+  - `download_max_concurrent int` — overrides `download.max_concurrent_per_user`
+  - `download_max_per_period int` — overrides `download.max_per_period` (window stays the global
+    `download.period_duration`; a per-user window is deliberately out of scope)
+  - `download_bandwidth_mbps int` — overrides `download.user_bandwidth_mbps`
+- Semantics: `NULL` = inherit the global setting; **0 = explicitly unlimited** (matches the global
+  settings' zero-means-unlimited convention, and is the reason `NULL` and `0` must stay distinct).
+- **QuantityLimiter**: `Check` gains the caller-resolved user overrides — e.g.
+  `Check(ctx, userID, batchSize, overrides Overrides)` where `Overrides` carries the two optional
+  ints. Every existing call site already has the `*models.User` loaded (the create paths load it
+  for policy), so resolution stays in `service.go` and the limiter remains storage-free.
+- **BandwidthManager**: the per-user limiter cache currently assumes one global rate. Store the
+  rate alongside each cached limiter and recreate the entry when the effective rate for that user
+  changes (`ThrottledReader` gains the resolved per-user bps from the caller; `ServeFile` already
+  loads the user for its policy re-check). `Reload` keeps its existing clear-all behavior.
+- **Admin API**: the three fields (plus `download_max_quality` from §1) are added to the admin user
+  create/update/response DTOs in `internal/api/handlers/admin.go` and to
+  `UpdateUserInput`/`CreateUserInput` in `internal/models/user.go` +
+  `internal/auth/repository.go` — the exact `max_streams` additive pattern.
+
+## Data model (Goose migration)
+
+One timestamped migration (`make migrate-create NAME=user_download_limits`):
+
+```sql
+ALTER TABLE users
+    ADD COLUMN download_max_quality    text,
+    ADD COLUMN download_max_concurrent integer,
+    ADD COLUMN download_max_per_period integer,
+    ADD COLUMN download_bandwidth_mbps integer;
+```
+
+All nullable, no defaults, no backfill — `NULL` means "inherit global" for every column. The two new
+settings keys (`download.max_quality`, `download.max_batch_size`) are settings rows, not schema.
+
+## API surface (all additive)
+
+- `GET /api/v1/downloads/capability` — `quality_presets` now reflects the effective ceiling
+  (existing field, narrowed values); new field `max_batch_size`.
+- `POST /api/v1/downloads` — new 403 error case (`quality_not_permitted`) and new 400 error case
+  (`batch_too_large`, body includes the configured cap).
+- `POST /api/v1/downloads/subscriptions/sync` — skipped registrations may carry the new
+  `SkippedDownload` reason `quality_not_permitted`.
+- Admin users endpoints — four new optional request fields / response fields (§1, §3).
+- Settings endpoints — two new keys; both hot-reloadable (no restart-required entry in
+  `internal/config/restart_keys.go`).
+
+## Web admin UI
+
+- `web/src/pages/admin-settings/DownloadSettings.tsx`: "Max Download Quality" (select over the
+  ladder + "No limit") under Quantity Limits or a new Restrictions group; "Max Batch Size" numeric
+  field with the 0-=-unlimited hint.
+- `web/src/pages/AdminUserDetail.tsx` (+ the user edit dialog): rows for the four per-user fields,
+  each showing the inherited global value when unset (as the streams/transcodes fields do), plus the
+  §1 hint when a sub-original cap is combined with transcode-not-allowed.
+
+## Enforcement summary
+
+| Restriction | Hard/soft | Enforced at |
+|---|---|---|
+| Quality ceiling | Hard | `Resolve` (create), `PresetsFor` (capability), `ServeFile` re-check |
+| Batch size cap | Hard | `createSeriesScoped` (reject), subscription sync (truncate per pass) |
+| Concurrent / per-period overrides | Hard | `QuantityLimiter.Check` on every create path |
+| Bandwidth override | Hard | `ThrottledReader` on every byte served |
+
+Nothing in this spec is client-enforced; the client-pull architecture is unchanged.
+
+## Client follow-up (silo-android, silo-apple)
+
+- **Quality ceiling / presets:** zero work if the client renders `quality_presets` from the
+  capability endpoint (the downloads v2 contract). Audit for hardcoded ladders.
+- **Batch errors:** handle `batch_too_large` with a useful prompt (download per season / subscribe
+  instead of a raw error toast). Handle empty `quality_presets` as "downloads unavailable for this
+  account", which the capability contract already implies.
+- No manifest or sync-protocol changes.
+
+## Testing
+
+- `policy_test.go`: ceiling truncation of `PresetsFor` (server-only, user-only, both, ties at
+  `original`); `Resolve` rejection above the ceiling; fallback clamp; the
+  cap-without-transcode-permission → empty presets case.
+- `limiter_test.go` (new cases): override precedence NULL/0/positive vs. global for both limits.
+- `service_*_test.go`: batch reject at cap boundary (cap, cap+1); subscription sync truncation and
+  next-pass continuation; serve-time denial after a cap is lowered.
+- Handler tests for the new error mappings and admin-user field round-trips — run in a
+  libvips-capable container (bare-host `go test ./...` skips `internal/api/handlers`).
+
+## Out of scope / follow-ups
+
+- Admin downloads dashboard + admin list/revoke endpoints (observability; separate spec).
+- Bulk (series/season) transcode quality — prerequisite for capped users to use series downloads
+  and monitoring; lifts the `resolveBulkQuality` original-only rule.
+- Profile-level download permission (parental-controls integration; downloads are already keyed by
+  `profile_id`, so the data model is ready).
+- Per-user managed-device count cap — revisit only if storage/quantity limits prove insufficient.

internal/access/resolver_test.go

@@ -86,9 +86,15 @@ func (s stubStore) GetProgress(context.Context, string, string) (*userstore.Watc
 func (s stubStore) ListProgress(context.Context, string, string, int, int) ([]userstore.WatchProgress, error) {
 	panic("unused")
 }
+func (s stubStore) ListProgressFiltered(context.Context, string, string, []string, *int, int, int) ([]userstore.WatchProgress, error) {
+	panic("unused")
+}
 func (s stubStore) ListProgressByMediaItems(context.Context, string, []string) (map[string]userstore.WatchProgress, error) {
 	panic("unused")
 }
+func (s stubStore) ListProgressSince(context.Context, string, string) ([]userstore.WatchProgress, string, error) {
+	panic("unused")
+}
 func (s stubStore) AddHistory(context.Context, userstore.WatchHistoryEntry) error { panic("unused") }
 func (s stubStore) AddHistoryIfMissing(context.Context, userstore.WatchHistoryEntry) (bool, error) {
 	panic("unused")

internal/adminjob/library_refresh.go

@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ func (l *PGLibraryRefreshItemLister) ListLibraryItems(ctx context.Context, libra
 	query := `
 		SELECT mi.content_id, COALESCE(mi.tmdb_id, ''), COALESCE(mi.tvdb_id, ''), COALESCE(mi.imdb_id, '')
 		FROM media_item_libraries mil
+		JOIN media_folders f ON f.id = mil.media_folder_id
 		JOIN media_items mi ON mi.content_id = mil.content_id
 		WHERE mil.media_folder_id = $1`
 	args := []any{libraryID}
@@ -123,6 +124,11 @@ func (l *PGLibraryRefreshItemLister) ListLibraryItems(ctx context.Context, libra
 				FROM stale_media_ids smi
 				WHERE smi.content_id = mi.content_id
 			)
+			OR (
+				COALESCE(mi.default_metadata_language, '') <> ''
+				AND LOWER(TRIM(mi.default_metadata_language))
+					<> LOWER(TRIM(COALESCE(NULLIF(f.metadata_language, ''), 'en')))
+			)
 		  )`
 	}
 

internal/adminjob/library_refresh_language_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+package adminjob
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool"
+)
+
+// TestQuickRefreshListsLanguageMismatchedItems covers the listing half of
+// issue #211: quick-mode library refresh must include items whose stamped
+// default_metadata_language differs from the library's configured metadata
+// language, even when the item is otherwise complete (overview, poster,
+// backdrop all present) — otherwise a library language change never revisits
+// already-complete items.
+func TestQuickRefreshListsLanguageMismatchedItems(t *testing.T) {
+	dsn := os.Getenv("SILO_TEST_DATABASE_URL")
+	if dsn == "" {
+		t.Skip("SILO_TEST_DATABASE_URL is not set")
+	}
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	pool, err := pgxpool.New(ctx, dsn)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("connect test database: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(pool.Close)
+
+	suffix := time.Now().UnixNano()
+	mismatchID := fmt.Sprintf("lang-mismatch-%d", suffix)
+	matchedID := fmt.Sprintf("lang-matched-%d", suffix)
+
+	var folderID int
+	if err := pool.QueryRow(ctx, `
+		INSERT INTO media_folders (type, name, enabled, metadata_language)
+		VALUES ('movies', 'Lang Refresh Test', true, 'da')
+		RETURNING id
+	`).Scan(&folderID); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed folder: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_, _ = pool.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM media_items WHERE content_id = ANY($1)`, []string{mismatchID, matchedID})
+		_, _ = pool.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM media_folders WHERE id = $1`, folderID)
+	})
+
+	for _, row := range []struct {
+		id, lang string
+	}{
+		{mismatchID, "zh"},
+		{matchedID, "da"},
+	} {
+		if _, err := pool.Exec(ctx, `
+			INSERT INTO media_items (
+				content_id, type, title, status, genres, tmdb_id,
+				default_metadata_language, overview, poster_path, backdrop_path,
+				last_refreshed, refresh_failures, episode_metadata_incomplete
+			) VALUES ($1, 'movie', 'Complete Item', 'matched', '{}'::text[], '42',
+				$2, 'An overview', '/p.jpg', '/b.jpg', NOW(), 0, FALSE)
+		`, row.id, row.lang); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("seed media item %s: %v", row.id, err)
+		}
+		if _, err := pool.Exec(ctx, `
+			INSERT INTO media_item_libraries (content_id, media_folder_id)
+			VALUES ($1, $2)
+		`, row.id, folderID); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("link media item %s: %v", row.id, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	lister := NewPGLibraryRefreshItemLister(pool)
+	items, err := lister.ListLibraryItems(ctx, folderID, LibraryRefreshModeQuick)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ListLibraryItems: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var sawMismatch, sawMatched bool
+	for _, item := range items {
+		switch item.ContentID {
+		case mismatchID:
+			sawMismatch = true
+		case matchedID:
+			sawMatched = true
+		}
+	}
+	if !sawMismatch {
+		t.Errorf("quick refresh must include complete item with stamped language differing from the library language")
+	}
+	if sawMatched {
+		t.Errorf("quick refresh must not include complete item whose stamped language matches the library language")
+	}
+}

internal/api/handlers/admin.go

@@ -2141,6 +2141,21 @@ func (h *AdminHandler) HandleUpdateSetting(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Reques
 				"subtitle_ai.transcribe_quota_period must be day, week, or month")
 			return
 		}
+	case notifications.SettingApplePushDeliveryEnabled:
+		enabled, err := strconv.ParseBool(strings.TrimSpace(req.Value))
+		if err != nil {
+			writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad_request", "notifications.apple_push_delivery_enabled must be true or false")
+			return
+		}
+		req.Value = strconv.FormatBool(enabled)
+	case notifications.SettingPushRelayURL, notifications.SettingPushRelayDeploymentID, notifications.SettingPushRelayAPIKey:
+		// The registration flow persists the relay URL, deployment id, and API
+		// key together; a direct write to any of them desyncs the stored URL
+		// from the credentials the relay minted for it (and feeds an arbitrary
+		// id into the next rotation request).
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad_request",
+			key+" is managed by the push relay registration flow; use POST /admin/notifications/push/relay/register")
+		return
 	case catalog.SearchSettingProvider:
 		switch strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(req.Value)) {
 		case catalog.SearchProviderPostgres, catalog.SearchProviderMeilisearch:

internal/api/handlers/admin_apple_push.go

@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/notifications"
+)
+
+type AdminApplePushHandler struct {
+	system   *notifications.System
+	settings ServerSettingsStore
+	client   httpDoer
+}
+
+type httpDoer interface {
+	Do(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
+}
+
+func NewAdminApplePushHandler(system *notifications.System, settings ServerSettingsStore) *AdminApplePushHandler {
+	return &AdminApplePushHandler{
+		system:   system,
+		settings: settings,
+		client:   &http.Client{Timeout: 10 * time.Second},
+	}
+}
+
+type adminApplePushTestRequest struct {
+	ProfileID      string `json:"profile_id"`
+	ServerDeviceID string `json:"server_device_id"`
+}
+
+type adminApplePushTestResponse struct {
+	AttemptID      string `json:"attempt_id"`
+	PushDeviceID   string `json:"push_device_id"`
+	ServerDeviceID string `json:"server_device_id"`
+	Outcome        string `json:"outcome"`
+	RelayRequestID string `json:"relay_request_id,omitempty"`
+	UpstreamStatus *int   `json:"upstream_status,omitempty"`
+	UpstreamReason string `json:"upstream_reason,omitempty"`
+	FailureMessage string `json:"failure_message,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type adminPushRelayRegisterRequest struct {
+	RelayURL string `json:"relay_url"`
+}
+
+type pushRelayRegisterRequest struct {
+	DeploymentID string `json:"deployment_id,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type pushRelayRegisterResponse struct {
+	RequestID    string   `json:"request_id"`
+	DeploymentID string   `json:"deployment_id"`
+	APIKey       string   `json:"api_key"`
+	KeyPrefix    string   `json:"key_prefix"`
+	APNsTopics   []string `json:"apns_topics"`
+}
+
+type pushRelayNestedError struct {
+	Error struct {
+		Code      string `json:"code"`
+		Message   string `json:"message"`
+		RequestID string `json:"request_id"`
+	} `json:"error"`
+}
+
+type adminPushRelayRegisterResponse struct {
+	RelayURL         string   `json:"relay_url"`
+	DeploymentID     string   `json:"deployment_id"`
+	KeyPrefix        string   `json:"key_prefix"`
+	APIKeyConfigured bool     `json:"api_key_configured"`
+	RelayRequestID   string   `json:"relay_request_id,omitempty"`
+	APNsTopics       []string `json:"apns_topics,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// HandleTest handles POST /admin/notifications/push/apple/test.
+func (h *AdminApplePushHandler) HandleTest(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if h == nil || h.system == nil {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "unavailable", "Apple push delivery is not available")
+		return
+	}
+	var req adminApplePushTestRequest
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad_request", "Invalid request body")
+		return
+	}
+	result, err := h.system.SendApplePushTest(r.Context(), req.ProfileID, req.ServerDeviceID)
+	if err != nil {
+		switch {
+		case errors.Is(err, notifications.ErrPushDeliveryInvalid):
+			writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad_request", err.Error())
+		case errors.Is(err, notifications.ErrPushDeliveryNotFound):
+			writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "not_found", "Apple push device not found")
+		case errors.Is(err, notifications.ErrPushDeliveryUnavailable):
+			writeError(w, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "unavailable", "Apple push delivery is not available")
+		default:
+			writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "internal_error", "Failed to send Apple push test")
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, adminApplePushTestResponse{
+		AttemptID:      result.AttemptID,
+		PushDeviceID:   result.PushDeviceID,
+		ServerDeviceID: result.ServerDeviceID,
+		Outcome:        result.Outcome,
+		RelayRequestID: result.RelayRequestID,
+		UpstreamStatus: result.UpstreamStatus,
+		UpstreamReason: result.UpstreamReason,
+		FailureMessage: result.FailureMessage,
+	})
+}
+
+// HandleRegisterRelay handles POST /admin/notifications/push/relay/register.
+func (h *AdminApplePushHandler) HandleRegisterRelay(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if h == nil || h.settings == nil {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "unavailable", "Settings store is not available")
+		return
+	}
+	var req adminPushRelayRegisterRequest
+	dec := json.NewDecoder(r.Body)
+	dec.DisallowUnknownFields()
+	if err := dec.Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad_request", "Invalid request body")
+		return
+	}
+	relayURL, err := normalizePushRelayURL(req.RelayURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad_request", err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+
+	existingDeploymentID, err := h.settings.Get(r.Context(), notifications.SettingPushRelayDeploymentID)
+	if err != nil {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "settings_error", "Failed to load relay deployment id")
+		return
+	}
+	relayResp, err := h.registerWithRelay(r, relayURL, strings.TrimSpace(existingDeploymentID))
+	if err != nil {
+		status, code, message := mapRelayRegistrationError(err)
+		writeError(w, status, code, message)
+		return
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(relayResp.DeploymentID) == "" || strings.TrimSpace(relayResp.APIKey) == "" {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadGateway, "relay_bad_response", "Push relay returned an incomplete registration response")
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := h.settings.Set(r.Context(), notifications.SettingPushRelayURL, relayURL); err != nil {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "settings_error", "Failed to save push relay URL")
+		return
+	}
+	if err := h.settings.Set(r.Context(), notifications.SettingPushRelayDeploymentID, relayResp.DeploymentID); err != nil {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "settings_error", "Failed to save push relay deployment id")
+		return
+	}
+	if err := h.settings.Set(r.Context(), notifications.SettingPushRelayAPIKey, relayResp.APIKey); err != nil {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "settings_error", "Failed to save push relay API key")
+		return
+	}
+	if h.system != nil && h.system.Settings != nil {
+		h.system.Settings.Invalidate(
+			notifications.SettingPushRelayURL,
+			notifications.SettingPushRelayDeploymentID,
+			notifications.SettingPushRelayAPIKey,
+		)
+	}
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, adminPushRelayRegisterResponse{
+		RelayURL:         relayURL,
+		DeploymentID:     relayResp.DeploymentID,
+		KeyPrefix:        relayResp.KeyPrefix,
+		APIKeyConfigured: true,
+		RelayRequestID:   relayResp.RequestID,
+		APNsTopics:       relayResp.APNsTopics,
+	})
+}
+
+func (h *AdminApplePushHandler) registerWithRelay(r *http.Request, relayURL, deploymentID string) (*pushRelayRegisterResponse, error) {
+	body, err := json.Marshal(pushRelayRegisterRequest{
+		DeploymentID: deploymentID,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	httpReq, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(r.Context(), http.MethodPost, relayURL+"/v1/deployments/register", bytes.NewReader(body))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	httpReq.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	httpReq.Header.Set("User-Agent", "Silo-Server/PushRelayRegistration")
+
+	resp, err := h.client.Do(httpReq)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, relayRegistrationError{status: http.StatusBadGateway, code: "relay_unreachable", message: "Push relay could not be reached"}
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
+
+	data, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 16<<10))
+	if resp.StatusCode < 200 || resp.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		var parsed pushRelayNestedError
+		_ = json.Unmarshal(data, &parsed)
+		code := parsed.Error.Code
+		if code == "" {
+			code = fmt.Sprintf("relay_http_%d", resp.StatusCode)
+		}
+		message := parsed.Error.Message
+		if message == "" {
+			message = http.StatusText(resp.StatusCode)
+		}
+		return nil, relayRegistrationError{status: resp.StatusCode, code: code, message: message}
+	}
+	var parsed pushRelayRegisterResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &parsed); err != nil {
+		return nil, relayRegistrationError{status: http.StatusBadGateway, code: "relay_bad_response", message: "Push relay returned invalid JSON"}
+	}
+	return &parsed, nil
+}
+
+type relayRegistrationError struct {
+	status  int
+	code    string
+	message string
+}
+
+func (e relayRegistrationError) Error() string {
+	return e.code
+}
+
+func mapRelayRegistrationError(err error) (int, string, string) {
+	var relayErr relayRegistrationError
+	if !errors.As(err, &relayErr) {
+		return http.StatusInternalServerError, "internal_error", "Failed to register push relay"
+	}
+	switch relayErr.status {
+	case http.StatusForbidden:
+		return http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, "relay_deployment_rejected", "Push relay rejected this deployment"
+	case http.StatusTooManyRequests:
+		return http.StatusTooManyRequests, "relay_rate_limited", relayErr.message
+	case http.StatusServiceUnavailable:
+		return http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "relay_unavailable", relayErr.message
+	default:
+		if relayErr.status >= 500 {
+			return http.StatusBadGateway, "relay_error", relayErr.message
+		}
+		return http.StatusBadGateway, relayErr.code, relayErr.message
+	}
+}
+
+// normalizePushRelayURLValue trims a relay URL and enforces https with a
+// host. Empty input stays empty so callers choose their own default.
+func normalizePushRelayURLValue(raw string) (string, error) {
+	value := strings.TrimRight(strings.TrimSpace(raw), "/")
+	if value == "" {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	parsed, err := url.Parse(value)
+	if err != nil || parsed.Scheme != "https" || parsed.Host == "" {
+		return "", errors.New("relay_url must be an https URL")
+	}
+	return value, nil
+}
+
+func normalizePushRelayURL(raw string) (string, error) {
+	value, err := normalizePushRelayURLValue(raw)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if value == "" {
+		return notifications.DefaultPushRelayURL, nil
+	}
+	return value, nil
+}

internal/api/handlers/admin_apple_push_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/notifications"
+)
+
+func TestAdminApplePushHandlerUnavailableWithoutSystem(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewAdminApplePushHandler(nil, nil)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleTest(rec, httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/admin/notifications/push/apple/test", strings.NewReader(`{}`)))
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusServiceUnavailable {
+		t.Fatalf("HandleTest without system = %d, want 503", rec.Code)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAdminApplePushHandlerRejectsInvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewAdminApplePushHandler(&notifications.System{}, nil)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleTest(rec, httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/admin/notifications/push/apple/test", strings.NewReader(`{`)))
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Fatalf("HandleTest invalid JSON = %d, want 400", rec.Code)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAdminApplePushHandlerRegistersRelayAndStoresKey(t *testing.T) {
+	settings := &fakeServerSettingsStore{values: map[string]string{
+		notifications.SettingPushRelayDeploymentID: "01EXISTING",
+	}}
+	var relayReq map[string]string
+	relay := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.URL.Path != "/v1/deployments/register" {
+			t.Fatalf("relay path = %s", r.URL.Path)
+		}
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&relayReq); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("decode relay request: %v", err)
+		}
+		writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, pushRelayRegisterResponse{
+			RequestID:    "relay-request",
+			DeploymentID: "01RETURNED",
+			APIKey:       "rk_live_raw-key",
+			KeyPrefix:    "rk_live_raw",
+			APNsTopics:   []string{"org.siloserver.silo"},
+		})
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(relay.Close)
+
+	h := NewAdminApplePushHandler(&notifications.System{Settings: notifications.NewSettings(settings)}, settings)
+	h.client = relay.Client()
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleRegisterRelay(rec, httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/admin/notifications/push/relay/register", strings.NewReader(`{
+		"relay_url":"`+relay.URL+`"
+	}`)))
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Fatalf("http relay URL status = %d, want 400 because HTTPS is required", rec.Code)
+	}
+
+	httpsRelay := httptest.NewTLSServer(relay.Config.Handler)
+	t.Cleanup(httpsRelay.Close)
+	h.client = httpsRelay.Client()
+	rec = httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleRegisterRelay(rec, httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/admin/notifications/push/relay/register", strings.NewReader(`{
+		"relay_url":"`+httpsRelay.URL+`"
+	}`)))
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d (%s), want 200", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if relayReq["deployment_id"] != "01EXISTING" || len(relayReq) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("relay request = %+v", relayReq)
+	}
+	if settings.values[notifications.SettingPushRelayURL] != httpsRelay.URL {
+		t.Fatalf("stored relay URL = %q", settings.values[notifications.SettingPushRelayURL])
+	}
+	if settings.values[notifications.SettingPushRelayDeploymentID] != "01RETURNED" {
+		t.Fatalf("stored deployment id = %q", settings.values[notifications.SettingPushRelayDeploymentID])
+	}
+	if settings.values[notifications.SettingPushRelayAPIKey] != "rk_live_raw-key" {
+		t.Fatalf("stored api key = %q", settings.values[notifications.SettingPushRelayAPIKey])
+	}
+
+	var body map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &body); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode response: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, ok := body["api_key"]; ok {
+		t.Fatal("response leaked raw api_key")
+	}
+	if body["api_key_configured"] != true || body["deployment_id"] != "01RETURNED" {
+		t.Fatalf("response = %+v", body)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAdminApplePushHandlerMapsRelayRateLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	settings := &fakeServerSettingsStore{values: map[string]string{}}
+	relay := httptest.NewTLSServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		writeJSON(w, http.StatusTooManyRequests, map[string]any{
+			"error": map[string]string{"code": "rate_limited", "message": "too many deployment registrations from this network"},
+		})
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(relay.Close)
+
+	h := NewAdminApplePushHandler(&notifications.System{}, settings)
+	h.client = relay.Client()
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleRegisterRelay(rec, httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/admin/notifications/push/relay/register", strings.NewReader(`{
+		"relay_url":"`+relay.URL+`"
+	}`)))
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusTooManyRequests {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d (%s), want 429", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if settings.values[notifications.SettingPushRelayAPIKey] != "" {
+		t.Fatal("api key was stored after relay rejected registration")
+	}
+}

internal/api/handlers/admin_match.go

@@ -161,7 +161,11 @@ func (h *AdminMatchHandler) HandleApplyItemMatch(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.
 		return
 	}
 
-	if len(req.ProviderIDs) == 0 {
+	// Normalize keys and values the same way the search endpoint does so a
+	// caller-supplied key like "TMDB" or " tmdb " cannot bypass downstream
+	// provider-id handling (e.g. stale-ID suppression in metadata.Process).
+	providerIDs := normalizeMatchProviderIDs(req.ProviderIDs)
+	if len(providerIDs) == 0 {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad_request", "At least one provider ID is required")
 		return
 	}
@@ -191,7 +195,7 @@ func (h *AdminMatchHandler) HandleApplyItemMatch(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.
 
 	result, err := h.metadata.Process(r.Context(), metadata.ProcessRequest{
 		ContentID:   contentID,
-		ProviderIDs: req.ProviderIDs,
+		ProviderIDs: providerIDs,
 		FolderID:    folderIDStr,
 		Mode:        metadata.ModeIdentify,
 	})

internal/api/handlers/admin_match_test.go

@@ -326,6 +326,67 @@ func TestAdminMatchApply_RequiresProviderIDs(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestAdminMatchApply_NormalizesProviderIDKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	items := &fakeMatchItemLookup{
+		items: map[string]*models.MediaItem{
+			"item-5": {ContentID: "item-5", Title: "Test", Type: "movie"},
+		},
+	}
+	metaSvc := &fakeMatchMetadataService{
+		processResult: &metadata.ProcessResult{ContentID: "item-5", Updated: true},
+	}
+	h := NewAdminMatchHandler(items, nil, metaSvc)
+	router := buildMatchRouter(h)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(matchApplyRequest{
+		ProviderIDs: map[string]string{
+			" TMDB ": " 157336 ",
+			"blank":  "   ",
+		},
+	})
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/admin/items/item-5/match/apply", bytes.NewReader(body))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	router.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 200, got %d: %s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if got := metaSvc.lastProcess.ProviderIDs["tmdb"]; got != "157336" {
+		t.Errorf("Process provider_ids[tmdb] = %q, want 157336 (keys/values must be normalized)", got)
+	}
+	if _, ok := metaSvc.lastProcess.ProviderIDs[" TMDB "]; ok {
+		t.Errorf("Process received raw key %q, want normalized keys only: %v", " TMDB ", metaSvc.lastProcess.ProviderIDs)
+	}
+	if _, ok := metaSvc.lastProcess.ProviderIDs["blank"]; ok {
+		t.Errorf("blank provider IDs should be dropped, got %v", metaSvc.lastProcess.ProviderIDs)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAdminMatchApply_RejectsAllBlankProviderIDs(t *testing.T) {
+	items := &fakeMatchItemLookup{
+		items: map[string]*models.MediaItem{
+			"item-6": {ContentID: "item-6", Title: "Test", Type: "movie"},
+		},
+	}
+	h := NewAdminMatchHandler(items, nil, &fakeMatchMetadataService{})
+	router := buildMatchRouter(h)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(matchApplyRequest{
+		ProviderIDs: map[string]string{"tmdb": "   ", " ": "123"},
+	})
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/admin/items/item-6/match/apply", bytes.NewReader(body))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	router.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 400 for all-blank provider_ids, got %d: %s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+}
+
 func TestAdminMatchApply_ItemNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 	items := &fakeMatchItemLookup{items: map[string]*models.MediaItem{}}
 	h := NewAdminMatchHandler(items, nil, &fakeMatchMetadataService{})

internal/api/handlers/admin_playback_control.go

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ func (h *AdminPlaybackControlHandler) handleSessionCommand(w http.ResponseWriter
 
 	fallback := func() {
 		h.playback.forgetRealtimeCommand(commandID)
-		_ = h.playback.stopPlaybackSessionByID(context.Background(), sessionID)
+		_ = h.playback.stopPlaybackSessionByID(context.Background(), sessionID, true)
 	}
 
 	h.playback.rememberRealtimeCommand(commandID, sessionID, name)

internal/api/handlers/admin_server_channels.go

@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ type serverChannelResponse struct {
 	Enabled                bool       `json:"enabled"`
 	NotifyNewMovies        bool       `json:"notify_new_movies"`
 	NotifyNewEpisodes      bool       `json:"notify_new_episodes"`
+	NotifyNewAudiobooks    bool       `json:"notify_new_audiobooks"`
+	NotifyNewEbooks        bool       `json:"notify_new_ebooks"`
 	NotifyRequestSubmitted bool       `json:"notify_request_submitted"`
 	NotifyRequestApproved  bool       `json:"notify_request_approved"`
 	NotifyRequestDeclined  bool       `json:"notify_request_declined"`
@@ -65,6 +67,8 @@ func serverChannelToResponse(ch notifications.ServerChannel) serverChannelRespon
 		Enabled:                ch.Enabled,
 		NotifyNewMovies:        ch.NotifyNewMovies,
 		NotifyNewEpisodes:      ch.NotifyNewEpisodes,
+		NotifyNewAudiobooks:    ch.NotifyNewAudiobooks,
+		NotifyNewEbooks:        ch.NotifyNewEbooks,
 		NotifyRequestSubmitted: ch.NotifyRequestSubmitted,
 		NotifyRequestApproved:  ch.NotifyRequestApproved,
 		NotifyRequestDeclined:  ch.NotifyRequestDeclined,
@@ -86,6 +90,8 @@ type serverChannelRequest struct {
 	Enabled                *bool   `json:"enabled"`
 	NotifyNewMovies        *bool   `json:"notify_new_movies"`
 	NotifyNewEpisodes      *bool   `json:"notify_new_episodes"`
+	NotifyNewAudiobooks    *bool   `json:"notify_new_audiobooks"`
+	NotifyNewEbooks        *bool   `json:"notify_new_ebooks"`
 	NotifyRequestSubmitted *bool   `json:"notify_request_submitted"`
 	NotifyRequestApproved  *bool   `json:"notify_request_approved"`
 	NotifyRequestDeclined  *bool   `json:"notify_request_declined"`
@@ -100,6 +106,8 @@ func (r serverChannelRequest) toInput() notifications.ServerChannelInput {
 		Enabled:                r.Enabled,
 		NotifyNewMovies:        r.NotifyNewMovies,
 		NotifyNewEpisodes:      r.NotifyNewEpisodes,
+		NotifyNewAudiobooks:    r.NotifyNewAudiobooks,
+		NotifyNewEbooks:        r.NotifyNewEbooks,
 		NotifyRequestSubmitted: r.NotifyRequestSubmitted,
 		NotifyRequestApproved:  r.NotifyRequestApproved,
 		NotifyRequestDeclined:  r.NotifyRequestDeclined,

internal/api/handlers/download_subscriptions.go

@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
+
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/catalog"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/downloads"
+)
+
+// subscriptionRequest is the JSON body for POST /downloads/subscriptions.
+type subscriptionRequest struct {
+	SeriesID        string `json:"series_id"`
+	Mode            string `json:"mode"` // all | future | latest_season | specific_seasons
+	SeasonNumbers   []int  `json:"season_numbers,omitempty"`
+	DeleteWatched   bool   `json:"delete_watched,omitempty"`
+	MaxStorageBytes int64  `json:"max_storage_bytes,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// patchSubscriptionRequest is the JSON body for PATCH /downloads/subscriptions/{id}.
+// Pointer fields distinguish "absent" from a zero value so a partial update only
+// touches the fields the client sent.
+type patchSubscriptionRequest struct {
+	Mode            *string `json:"mode,omitempty"`
+	SeasonNumbers   *[]int  `json:"season_numbers,omitempty"`
+	DeleteWatched   *bool   `json:"delete_watched,omitempty"`
+	MaxStorageBytes *int64  `json:"max_storage_bytes,omitempty"`
+	Active          *bool   `json:"active,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// subscriptionResponse is one subscription in API responses.
+type subscriptionResponse struct {
+	ID              string `json:"id"`
+	SeriesID        string `json:"series_id"`
+	Mode            string `json:"mode"`
+	SeasonNumbers   []int  `json:"season_numbers,omitempty"`
+	TargetSeason    *int   `json:"target_season,omitempty"`
+	DeleteWatched   bool   `json:"delete_watched"`
+	MaxStorageBytes int64  `json:"max_storage_bytes"`
+	Active          bool   `json:"active"`
+	CreatedAt       string `json:"created_at"`
+	UpdatedAt       string `json:"updated_at"`
+}
+
+type subscriptionsListResponse struct {
+	Subscriptions []subscriptionResponse `json:"subscriptions"`
+}
+
+// subscriptionResultResponse wraps a created/updated subscription plus the count
+// of in-scope episodes registered as managed downloads.
+type subscriptionResultResponse struct {
+	Subscription subscriptionResponse `json:"subscription"`
+	Registered   int                  `json:"registered"`
+}
+
+// subscriptionSyncResponse reports how many newly in-scope episodes a sync
+// registered across the calling device's monitors.
+type subscriptionSyncResponse struct {
+	Registered int `json:"registered"`
+}
+
+func toSubscriptionResponse(s *downloads.Subscription) subscriptionResponse {
+	return subscriptionResponse{
+		ID:              s.ID,
+		SeriesID:        s.SeriesID,
+		Mode:            s.Mode,
+		SeasonNumbers:   s.SeasonNumbers,
+		TargetSeason:    s.TargetSeason,
+		DeleteWatched:   s.DeleteWatched,
+		MaxStorageBytes: s.MaxStorageBytes,
+		Active:          s.Active,
+		CreatedAt:       s.CreatedAt.Format("2006-01-02T15:04:05Z07:00"),
+		UpdatedAt:       s.UpdatedAt.Format("2006-01-02T15:04:05Z07:00"),
+	}
+}
+
+func toSubscriptionResultResponse(result *downloads.SubscriptionResult) subscriptionResultResponse {
+	return subscriptionResultResponse{
+		Subscription: toSubscriptionResponse(result.Subscription),
+		Registered:   result.Registered,
+	}
+}
+
+// HandleCreateSubscription handles POST /downloads/subscriptions (managed-only).
+func (h *DownloadHandler) HandleCreateSubscription(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userID, profileID, deviceID, deviceName, devicePlatform, ok := h.requireManaged(w, r)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	var req subscriptionRequest
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad_request", "Invalid request body")
+		return
+	}
+	if req.SeriesID == "" {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad_request", "series_id is required")
+		return
+	}
+
+	result, err := h.svc.CreateSubscription(r.Context(), userID, downloads.SubscriptionRequest{
+		SeriesID:        req.SeriesID,
+		Mode:            req.Mode,
+		SeasonNumbers:   req.SeasonNumbers,
+		DeleteWatched:   req.DeleteWatched,
+		MaxStorageBytes: req.MaxStorageBytes,
+		ProfileID:       profileID,
+		DeviceID:        deviceID,
+		DeviceName:      deviceName,
+		DevicePlatform:  devicePlatform,
+	}, requestAccessFilter(r))
+	if err != nil {
+		h.writeSubscriptionError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusAccepted, toSubscriptionResultResponse(result))
+}
+
+// HandleListSubscriptions handles GET /downloads/subscriptions (managed-only).
+func (h *DownloadHandler) HandleListSubscriptions(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userID, profileID, deviceID, _, _, ok := h.requireManaged(w, r)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	subs, err := h.svc.ListSubscriptions(r.Context(), userID, profileID, deviceID)
+	if err != nil {
+		h.writeSubscriptionError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	responses := make([]subscriptionResponse, 0, len(subs))
+	for _, s := range subs {
+		responses = append(responses, toSubscriptionResponse(s))
+	}
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, subscriptionsListResponse{Subscriptions: responses})
+}
+
+// HandleGetSubscription handles GET /downloads/subscriptions/{id} (managed-only).
+func (h *DownloadHandler) HandleGetSubscription(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userID, profileID, deviceID, _, _, ok := h.requireManaged(w, r)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	sub, err := h.svc.GetSubscription(r.Context(), userID, profileID, deviceID, chi.URLParam(r, "id"))
+	if err != nil {
+		h.writeSubscriptionError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, toSubscriptionResponse(sub))
+}
+
+// HandlePatchSubscription handles PATCH /downloads/subscriptions/{id} (managed-only).
+func (h *DownloadHandler) HandlePatchSubscription(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userID, profileID, deviceID, _, _, ok := h.requireManaged(w, r)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	var req patchSubscriptionRequest
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad_request", "Invalid request body")
+		return
+	}
+	result, err := h.svc.UpdateSubscription(r.Context(), userID, profileID, deviceID, chi.URLParam(r, "id"), downloads.SubscriptionPatch{
+		Mode:            req.Mode,
+		SeasonNumbers:   req.SeasonNumbers,
+		DeleteWatched:   req.DeleteWatched,
+		MaxStorageBytes: req.MaxStorageBytes,
+		Active:          req.Active,
+	}, requestAccessFilter(r))
+	if err != nil {
+		h.writeSubscriptionError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, toSubscriptionResultResponse(result))
+}
+
+// HandleDeleteSubscription handles DELETE /downloads/subscriptions/{id} (managed-only).
+func (h *DownloadHandler) HandleDeleteSubscription(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userID, profileID, deviceID, _, _, ok := h.requireManaged(w, r)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	if err := h.svc.DeleteSubscription(r.Context(), userID, profileID, deviceID, chi.URLParam(r, "id")); err != nil {
+		h.writeSubscriptionError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// HandleSyncSubscriptions handles POST /downloads/subscriptions/sync (managed-only):
+// the client triggers it on open / background refresh to register newly available
+// episodes for its monitors, then pulls the files on its own schedule.
+func (h *DownloadHandler) HandleSyncSubscriptions(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userID, profileID, deviceID, _, _, ok := h.requireManaged(w, r)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	registered, err := h.svc.SyncSubscriptions(r.Context(), userID, profileID, deviceID, requestAccessFilter(r))
+	if err != nil {
+		h.writeSubscriptionError(w, err)
+		return
+	}
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, subscriptionSyncResponse{Registered: registered})
+}
+
+// writeSubscriptionError maps series-monitoring errors to HTTP responses.
+func (h *DownloadHandler) writeSubscriptionError(w http.ResponseWriter, err error) {
+	switch {
+	case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrSubscriptionNotFound):
+		writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "not_found", "Subscription not found")
+	case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrSubscriptionsUnavailable):
+		writeError(w, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "unavailable", "Series monitoring is not available")
+	case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrInvalidSubscriptionMode):
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_mode", "Unknown monitor mode")
+	case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrSeasonsRequired):
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "seasons_required", "season_numbers is required for specific_seasons mode")
+	case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrInvalidSeasonNumbers):
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_season_numbers", "season_numbers values must be between 0 and 9999")
+	case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrNotSeries):
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "not_series", "content_id is not a series")
+	case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrProfileRequired):
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "profile_required", "A profile and device are required for series monitoring")
+	case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrFeatureDisabled), errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrDownloadNotAllowed):
+		writeError(w, http.StatusForbidden, "forbidden", "You are not allowed to download")
+	case errors.Is(err, catalog.ErrItemNotFound):
+		writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "not_found", "Series not found")
+	default:
+		slog.Error("download subscription operation failed", "error", err)
+		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "internal_error", "Failed to process subscription")
+	}
+}

internal/api/handlers/downloads.go

@@ -12,17 +12,33 @@ import (
 
 	apimw "github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/api/middleware"
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/catalog"
-	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/download"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/downloads"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/playback"
 )
 
-// DownloadService is the interface that the download handler depends on.
+// DownloadService is the interface that the download handler depends on. A
+// non-empty deviceID (from the X-Silo-Device-Id header) selects the managed
+// device-library lifecycle; empty is the ephemeral/account-level path.
 type DownloadService interface {
-	CreateQueued(ctx context.Context, userID int, req download.CreateRequest, filter catalog.AccessFilter) (*download.Download, error)
-	CreateQueuedBatch(ctx context.Context, userID int, seriesContentID string, filter catalog.AccessFilter) ([]*download.Download, string, error)
-	ServeDirect(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, userID int, fileID int, filter catalog.AccessFilter) error
-	ServeFile(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, userID int, downloadID string) error
-	List(ctx context.Context, userID int) ([]*download.Download, error)
-	Cancel(ctx context.Context, userID int, downloadID string) error
+	Capability(ctx context.Context, userID int) (downloads.Capability, error)
+	Create(ctx context.Context, userID int, req downloads.CreateRequest, filter catalog.AccessFilter) (*downloads.Download, error)
+	CreateSeries(ctx context.Context, userID int, req downloads.CreateRequest, filter catalog.AccessFilter) ([]*downloads.Download, string, []downloads.SkippedDownload, error)
+	CreateSeason(ctx context.Context, userID int, req downloads.CreateRequest, seasonNumber int, filter catalog.AccessFilter) ([]*downloads.Download, string, []downloads.SkippedDownload, error)
+	CreateSubscription(ctx context.Context, userID int, req downloads.SubscriptionRequest, filter catalog.AccessFilter) (*downloads.SubscriptionResult, error)
+	ListSubscriptions(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID string) ([]*downloads.Subscription, error)
+	GetSubscription(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID, id string) (*downloads.Subscription, error)
+	UpdateSubscription(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID, id string, patch downloads.SubscriptionPatch, filter catalog.AccessFilter) (*downloads.SubscriptionResult, error)
+	DeleteSubscription(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID, id string) error
+	SyncSubscriptions(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID string, filter catalog.AccessFilter) (int, error)
+	ServeDirect(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, userID, fileID int, format string, filter catalog.AccessFilter) error
+	ServeFile(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, userID int, profileID, deviceID, downloadID string, filter catalog.AccessFilter) error
+	List(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID string) ([]*downloads.Download, error)
+	Delete(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID, downloadID string) error
+	PatchStatus(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID, downloadID, status string) error
+	BuildManifest(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID, downloadID string, filter catalog.AccessFilter) (*downloads.OfflineManifest, error)
+	BuildBatchManifests(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID, batchID string, filter catalog.AccessFilter) ([]*downloads.OfflineManifest, []downloads.SkippedManifest, error)
+	ServeArtwork(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, userID int, profileID, deviceID, downloadID, kind string, filter catalog.AccessFilter) error
+	ServeSubtitle(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, userID int, profileID, deviceID, downloadID, ref string, filter catalog.AccessFilter) error
 }
 
 // DownloadHandler handles download endpoints.
@@ -37,44 +53,96 @@ func NewDownloadHandler(svc DownloadService) *DownloadHandler {
 
 // downloadRequest represents the JSON body for POST /downloads.
 type downloadRequest struct {
-	ContentID string `json:"content_id"`
-	EpisodeID string `json:"episode_id,omitempty"`
-	FileID    int    `json:"file_id,omitempty"`
-	Series    bool   `json:"series,omitempty"` // if true, downloads all episodes
+	ContentID string        `json:"content_id"`
+	EpisodeID string        `json:"episode_id,omitempty"`
+	FileID    int           `json:"file_id,omitempty"`
+	Quality   string        `json:"quality,omitempty"`       // original (default) | 20mbps | 10mbps | 5mbps | 2mbps | 1mbps
+	Series    bool          `json:"series,omitempty"`        // if true, downloads all episodes
+	Season    *int          `json:"season_number,omitempty"` // with series=true, downloads only this season (0 = Specials)
+	Caps      *downloadCaps `json:"caps,omitempty"`          // device decode capability (original fallback / transcode target)
+}
+
+// downloadCaps mirrors playback.ClientCapabilities for the request body.
+type downloadCaps struct {
+	CodecsVideo            []string `json:"codecs_video,omitempty"`
+	CodecsAudio            []string `json:"codecs_audio,omitempty"`
+	AudioPassthroughCodecs []string `json:"audio_passthrough_codecs,omitempty"`
+	Containers             []string `json:"containers,omitempty"`
+	MaxResolution          string   `json:"max_resolution,omitempty"`
+	HDR                    bool     `json:"hdr,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// patchDownloadRequest is the JSON body for PATCH /downloads/{id}.
+type patchDownloadRequest struct {
+	Status string `json:"status"`
 }
 
 // downloadResponse represents a download entry in API responses.
 type downloadResponse struct {
-	ID          string  `json:"id"`
-	ContentID   string  `json:"content_id"`
-	EpisodeID   string  `json:"episode_id,omitempty"`
-	BatchID     string  `json:"batch_id,omitempty"`
-	MediaFileID int     `json:"media_file_id"`
-	FileSize    int64   `json:"file_size"`
-	BytesSent   int64   `json:"bytes_sent"`
-	Kind        string  `json:"kind"`
-	Status      string  `json:"status"`
-	CreatedAt   string  `json:"created_at"`
-	CompletedAt *string `json:"completed_at,omitempty"`
+	ID                string  `json:"id"`
+	ContentID         string  `json:"content_id"`
+	EpisodeID         string  `json:"episode_id,omitempty"`
+	BatchID           string  `json:"batch_id,omitempty"`
+	DeviceID          string  `json:"device_id,omitempty"`
+	MediaFileID       int     `json:"media_file_id"`
+	FileSize          int64   `json:"file_size"`
+	BytesSent         int64   `json:"bytes_sent"`
+	Kind              string  `json:"kind"`
+	Status            string  `json:"status"`
+	Quality           string  `json:"quality"`
+	EffectiveQuality  string  `json:"effective_quality"`
+	DeliveryFormat    string  `json:"delivery_format"`
+	TargetBitrateKbps int     `json:"target_bitrate_kbps"`
+	Revision          int     `json:"revision"`
+	CreatedAt         string  `json:"created_at"`
+	CompletedAt       *string `json:"completed_at,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // downloadsListResponse wraps the downloads list for JSON serialization.
 type downloadsListResponse struct {
-	Downloads []downloadResponse `json:"downloads"`
+	Downloads []downloadResponse          `json:"downloads"`
+	Skipped   []downloads.SkippedDownload `json:"skipped,omitempty"`
 }
 
-func toDownloadResponse(d *download.Download) downloadResponse {
+type batchManifestsResponse struct {
+	Manifests []*downloads.OfflineManifest `json:"manifests"`
+	// Skipped lists batch entries whose manifest could not be built (revoked,
+	// deleted from the catalog, access-filtered); the rest of the batch is
+	// still delivered.
+	Skipped []downloads.SkippedManifest `json:"skipped,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// downloadCapabilityResponse is the GET /downloads/capability payload clients
+// use for feature detection instead of introspecting admin settings.
+type downloadCapabilityResponse struct {
+	Enabled              bool     `json:"enabled"`
+	DownloadAllowed      bool     `json:"download_allowed"`
+	QualityPresets       []string `json:"quality_presets"`
+	TranscodeEnabled     bool     `json:"transcode_enabled"`
+	TranscodeUserAllowed bool     `json:"transcode_user_allowed"`
+	SeasonDownload       bool     `json:"season_download"`
+	SeriesMonitoring     bool     `json:"series_monitoring"`
+	MonitoringModes      []string `json:"monitoring_modes,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func toDownloadResponse(d *downloads.Download) downloadResponse {
 	resp := downloadResponse{
-		ID:          d.ID,
-		ContentID:   d.ContentID,
-		EpisodeID:   d.EpisodeID,
-		BatchID:     d.BatchID,
-		MediaFileID: d.MediaFileID,
-		FileSize:    d.FileSize,
-		BytesSent:   d.BytesSent,
-		Kind:        d.Kind,
-		Status:      d.Status,
-		CreatedAt:   d.CreatedAt.Format("2006-01-02T15:04:05Z07:00"),
+		ID:                d.ID,
+		ContentID:         d.ContentID,
+		EpisodeID:         d.EpisodeID,
+		BatchID:           d.BatchID,
+		DeviceID:          d.DeviceID,
+		MediaFileID:       d.MediaFileID,
+		FileSize:          d.FileSize,
+		BytesSent:         d.BytesSent,
+		Kind:              d.Kind,
+		Status:            d.Status,
+		Quality:           d.Quality,
+		EffectiveQuality:  d.EffectiveQuality,
+		DeliveryFormat:    d.Format,
+		TargetBitrateKbps: d.TargetBitrateKbps,
+		Revision:          d.Revision,
+		CreatedAt:         d.CreatedAt.Format("2006-01-02T15:04:05Z07:00"),
 	}
 	if d.CompletedAt != nil {
 		s := d.CompletedAt.Format("2006-01-02T15:04:05Z07:00")
@@ -83,14 +151,53 @@ func toDownloadResponse(d *download.Download) downloadResponse {
 	return resp
 }
 
-// HandleCreateDownload handles POST /downloads.
+// managedIdentity returns the (profileID, deviceID) the request is acting as.
+// deviceID comes ONLY from the X-Silo-Device-Id header (never the body/query);
+// profileID is resolved by the viewer-access middleware from X-Profile-Id.
+func managedIdentity(r *http.Request) (profileID, deviceID, deviceName, devicePlatform string) {
+	device := deviceMetadataFromRequest(r)
+	return apimw.GetProfileID(r.Context()), device.DeviceID, device.DeviceName, device.DevicePlatform
+}
+
+// HandleCapability handles GET /downloads/capability.
+func (h *DownloadHandler) HandleCapability(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userID := apimw.GetUserID(r.Context())
+	if userID == 0 {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, "unauthorized", "Authentication required")
+		return
+	}
+	if h.svc == nil {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "unavailable", "Downloads not configured")
+		return
+	}
+
+	capInfo, err := h.svc.Capability(r.Context(), userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Error("failed to load download capability", "user_id", userID, "error", err)
+		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "internal_error", "Failed to load download capability")
+		return
+	}
+
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, downloadCapabilityResponse{
+		Enabled:              capInfo.Enabled,
+		DownloadAllowed:      capInfo.DownloadAllowed,
+		QualityPresets:       capInfo.QualityPresets,
+		TranscodeEnabled:     capInfo.TranscodeEnabled,
+		TranscodeUserAllowed: capInfo.TranscodeUserAllowed,
+		SeasonDownload:       capInfo.SeasonDownload,
+		SeriesMonitoring:     capInfo.SeriesMonitoring,
+		MonitoringModes:      capInfo.MonitoringModes,
+	})
+}
+
+// HandleCreateDownload handles POST /downloads. The X-Silo-Device-Id header
+// (if present) makes this a managed device entry; otherwise it is ephemeral.
 func (h *DownloadHandler) HandleCreateDownload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	userID := apimw.GetUserID(r.Context())
 	if userID == 0 {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, "unauthorized", "Authentication required")
 		return
 	}
-
 	if h.svc == nil {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "unavailable", "Downloads not configured")
 		return
@@ -101,65 +208,102 @@ func (h *DownloadHandler) HandleCreateDownload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Re
 		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad_request", "Invalid request body")
 		return
 	}
-
 	if req.ContentID == "" {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad_request", "content_id is required")
 		return
 	}
 
+	profileID, deviceID, deviceName, devicePlatform := managedIdentity(r)
 	filter := requestAccessFilter(r)
+	createReq := downloads.CreateRequest{
+		ContentID:      req.ContentID,
+		EpisodeID:      req.EpisodeID,
+		FileID:         req.FileID,
+		Quality:        req.Quality,
+		ProfileID:      profileID,
+		DeviceID:       deviceID,
+		DeviceName:     deviceName,
+		DevicePlatform: devicePlatform,
+	}
+	if req.Caps != nil {
+		createReq.Caps = playback.ClientCapabilities{
+			CodecsVideo:            req.Caps.CodecsVideo,
+			CodecsAudio:            req.Caps.CodecsAudio,
+			AudioPassthroughCodecs: req.Caps.AudioPassthroughCodecs,
+			Containers:             req.Caps.Containers,
+			MaxResolution:          req.Caps.MaxResolution,
+			HDR:                    req.Caps.HDR,
+		}
+	}
 
 	if req.Series {
-		downloads, batchID, err := h.svc.CreateQueuedBatch(r.Context(), userID, req.ContentID, filter)
+		var (
+			list    []*downloads.Download
+			batchID string
+			skipped []downloads.SkippedDownload
+			err     error
+		)
+		// Dispatch on presence, not value: season 0 is the Specials season.
+		if req.Season != nil {
+			if *req.Season < 0 {
+				writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad_request", "season_number must be >= 0")
+				return
+			}
+			list, batchID, skipped, err = h.svc.CreateSeason(r.Context(), userID, createReq, *req.Season, filter)
+		} else {
+			list, batchID, skipped, err = h.svc.CreateSeries(r.Context(), userID, createReq, filter)
+		}
 		if err != nil {
 			h.writeDownloadError(w, err)
 			return
 		}
-		responses := make([]downloadResponse, 0, len(downloads))
-		for _, d := range downloads {
+		responses := make([]downloadResponse, 0, len(list))
+		for _, d := range list {
 			resp := toDownloadResponse(d)
-			resp.BatchID = batchID
+			if resp.BatchID == "" {
+				resp.BatchID = batchID
+			}
 			responses = append(responses, resp)
 		}
-		writeJSON(w, http.StatusAccepted, downloadsListResponse{Downloads: responses})
+		writeJSON(w, http.StatusAccepted, downloadsListResponse{Downloads: responses, Skipped: skipped})
 		return
 	}
 
-	dl, err := h.svc.CreateQueued(r.Context(), userID, download.CreateRequest{
-		ContentID: req.ContentID,
-		EpisodeID: req.EpisodeID,
-		FileID:    req.FileID,
-	}, filter)
+	dl, err := h.svc.Create(r.Context(), userID, createReq, filter)
 	if err != nil {
 		h.writeDownloadError(w, err)
 		return
 	}
-
 	writeJSON(w, http.StatusAccepted, toDownloadResponse(dl))
 }
 
-// HandleListDownloads handles GET /downloads.
+// HandleListDownloads handles GET /downloads. With a device header it returns
+// the calling device's managed entries; otherwise the user's ephemeral rows.
 func (h *DownloadHandler) HandleListDownloads(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	userID := apimw.GetUserID(r.Context())
 	if userID == 0 {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, "unauthorized", "Authentication required")
 		return
 	}
-
 	if h.svc == nil {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "unavailable", "Downloads not configured")
 		return
 	}
 
-	downloads, err := h.svc.List(r.Context(), userID)
+	profileID, deviceID, _, _ := managedIdentity(r)
+	list, err := h.svc.List(r.Context(), userID, profileID, deviceID)
 	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrProfileRequired) {
+			writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "profile_required", "A profile is required for managed downloads")
+			return
+		}
 		slog.Error("failed to list downloads", "user_id", userID, "error", err)
 		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "internal_error", "Failed to list downloads")
 		return
 	}
 
-	responses := make([]downloadResponse, 0, len(downloads))
-	for _, d := range downloads {
+	responses := make([]downloadResponse, 0, len(list))
+	for _, d := range list {
 		responses = append(responses, toDownloadResponse(d))
 	}
 	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, downloadsListResponse{Downloads: responses})
@@ -172,28 +316,66 @@ func (h *DownloadHandler) HandleDeleteDownload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Re
 		writeError(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, "unauthorized", "Authentication required")
 		return
 	}
+	id := chi.URLParam(r, "id")
+	if id == "" {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad_request", "Download ID is required")
+		return
+	}
+	if h.svc == nil {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "unavailable", "Downloads not configured")
+		return
+	}
 
+	profileID, deviceID, _, _ := managedIdentity(r)
+	if err := h.svc.Delete(r.Context(), userID, profileID, deviceID, id); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrNotFound) {
+			writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "not_found", "Download not found")
+			return
+		}
+		if errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrProfileRequired) {
+			writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "profile_required", "A profile is required for managed downloads")
+			return
+		}
+		slog.Error("failed to delete download", "download_id", id, "error", err)
+		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "internal_error", "Failed to delete download")
+		return
+	}
+	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
+// HandlePatchDownload handles PATCH /downloads/{id} — a managed-only endpoint
+// where a client confirms local state (downloading|completed).
+func (h *DownloadHandler) HandlePatchDownload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userID, profileID, deviceID, _, _, ok := h.requireManaged(w, r)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
 	id := chi.URLParam(r, "id")
 	if id == "" {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad_request", "Download ID is required")
 		return
 	}
 
-	if h.svc == nil {
-		writeError(w, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "unavailable", "Downloads not configured")
+	var req patchDownloadRequest
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad_request", "Invalid request body")
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err := h.svc.Cancel(r.Context(), userID, id); err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, download.ErrNotFound) {
+	if err := h.svc.PatchStatus(r.Context(), userID, profileID, deviceID, id, req.Status); err != nil {
+		switch {
+		case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrNotFound):
 			writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "not_found", "Download not found")
-			return
+		case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrInvalidStatus):
+			writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_status", "status must be downloading or completed")
+		case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrProfileRequired):
+			writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "profile_required", "A profile is required for managed downloads")
+		default:
+			slog.Error("failed to patch download", "download_id", id, "error", err)
+			writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "internal_error", "Failed to update download")
 		}
-		slog.Error("failed to cancel download", "download_id", id, "error", err)
-		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "internal_error", "Failed to cancel download")
 		return
 	}
-
 	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
 }
 
@@ -204,41 +386,49 @@ func (h *DownloadHandler) HandleDownloadFile(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Requ
 		writeError(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, "unauthorized", "Authentication required")
 		return
 	}
-
 	id := chi.URLParam(r, "id")
 	if id == "" {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad_request", "Download ID is required")
 		return
 	}
-
 	if h.svc == nil {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "unavailable", "Downloads not configured")
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err := h.svc.ServeFile(r.Context(), w, r, userID, id); err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, download.ErrNotFound) {
+	profileID, deviceID, _, _ := managedIdentity(r)
+	filter := requestAccessFilter(r)
+	if err := h.svc.ServeFile(r.Context(), w, r, userID, profileID, deviceID, id, filter); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrNotFound) || errors.Is(err, catalog.ErrItemNotFound) {
 			writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "not_found", "Download not found")
 			return
 		}
-		if errors.Is(err, download.ErrDownloadNotActive) {
+		if errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrDownloadNotActive) {
 			writeError(w, http.StatusConflict, "download_inactive", "This download is no longer active")
 			return
 		}
+		if errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrProfileRequired) {
+			writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "profile_required", "A profile is required for managed downloads")
+			return
+		}
+		if errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrFeatureDisabled) || errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrDownloadNotAllowed) {
+			writeError(w, http.StatusForbidden, "forbidden", "You are not allowed to download")
+			return
+		}
 		slog.Error("failed to serve download file", "download_id", id, "error", err)
 		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "internal_error", "Failed to serve download")
 		return
 	}
 }
 
-// HandleDirectDownload handles GET /direct-download?file_id=N.
+// HandleDirectDownload handles GET /direct-download?file_id=N. A legacy
+// format=original query is accepted, but direct downloads remain original-only.
 func (h *DownloadHandler) HandleDirectDownload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	userID := apimw.GetUserID(r.Context())
 	if userID == 0 {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, "unauthorized", "Authentication required")
 		return
 	}
-
 	if h.svc == nil {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "unavailable", "Downloads not configured")
 		return
@@ -252,23 +442,163 @@ func (h *DownloadHandler) HandleDirectDownload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Re
 	}
 
 	filter := requestAccessFilter(r)
-
-	if err := h.svc.ServeDirect(r.Context(), w, r, userID, fileID, filter); err != nil {
+	if err := h.svc.ServeDirect(r.Context(), w, r, userID, fileID, r.URL.Query().Get("format"), filter); err != nil {
 		h.writeDownloadError(w, err)
 		return
 	}
 }
 
+// requireManaged validates a managed (device-scoped) request: authentication, a
+// configured service, and the device + profile identity (device_id from the
+// X-Silo-Device-Id header only, never the body). On failure it writes the error
+// response and returns ok=false. Shared by every managed-only endpoint — the
+// offline assets and the series-monitoring subscriptions.
+func (h *DownloadHandler) requireManaged(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (userID int, profileID, deviceID, deviceName, devicePlatform string, ok bool) {
+	userID = apimw.GetUserID(r.Context())
+	if userID == 0 {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, "unauthorized", "Authentication required")
+		return
+	}
+	if h.svc == nil {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "unavailable", "Downloads not configured")
+		return
+	}
+	profileID, deviceID, deviceName, devicePlatform = managedIdentity(r)
+	if deviceID == "" {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "device_id_required", "X-Silo-Device-Id header is required")
+		return
+	}
+	if profileID == "" {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "profile_required", "A profile is required for managed downloads")
+		return
+	}
+	return userID, profileID, deviceID, deviceName, devicePlatform, true
+}
+
+// managedAssetIdentity is requireManaged plus the URL {id} param, for the offline
+// asset endpoints (manifest/artwork/subtitle).
+func (h *DownloadHandler) managedAssetIdentity(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) (userID int, profileID, deviceID, id string, ok bool) {
+	userID, profileID, deviceID, _, _, ok = h.requireManaged(w, r)
+	if !ok {
+		return userID, profileID, deviceID, "", false
+	}
+	id = chi.URLParam(r, "id")
+	if id == "" {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad_request", "Download ID is required")
+		return userID, profileID, deviceID, "", false
+	}
+	return userID, profileID, deviceID, id, true
+}
+
+// HandleManifest handles GET /downloads/{id}/manifest (managed-only).
+func (h *DownloadHandler) HandleManifest(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userID, profileID, deviceID, id, ok := h.managedAssetIdentity(w, r)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	manifest, err := h.svc.BuildManifest(r.Context(), userID, profileID, deviceID, id, requestAccessFilter(r))
+	if err != nil {
+		h.writeAssetError(w, "manifest", id, err)
+		return
+	}
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, manifest)
+}
+
+// HandleBatchManifests handles GET /downloads/batches/{batch_id}/manifests
+// (managed-only).
+func (h *DownloadHandler) HandleBatchManifests(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userID, profileID, deviceID, _, _, ok := h.requireManaged(w, r)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	batchID := chi.URLParam(r, "batch_id")
+	if batchID == "" {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad_request", "Batch ID is required")
+		return
+	}
+	manifests, skipped, err := h.svc.BuildBatchManifests(r.Context(), userID, profileID, deviceID, batchID, requestAccessFilter(r))
+	if err != nil {
+		h.writeAssetError(w, "batch_manifests", batchID, err)
+		return
+	}
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, batchManifestsResponse{Manifests: manifests, Skipped: skipped})
+}
+
+// HandleArtwork handles GET /downloads/{id}/artwork/{kind} (managed-only).
+func (h *DownloadHandler) HandleArtwork(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userID, profileID, deviceID, id, ok := h.managedAssetIdentity(w, r)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	kind := chi.URLParam(r, "kind")
+	if err := h.svc.ServeArtwork(r.Context(), w, r, userID, profileID, deviceID, id, kind, requestAccessFilter(r)); err != nil {
+		h.writeAssetError(w, "artwork", id, err)
+		return
+	}
+}
+
+// HandleSubtitle handles GET /downloads/{id}/subtitles/{ref} (managed-only).
+func (h *DownloadHandler) HandleSubtitle(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userID, profileID, deviceID, id, ok := h.managedAssetIdentity(w, r)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	ref := chi.URLParam(r, "ref")
+	if err := h.svc.ServeSubtitle(r.Context(), w, r, userID, profileID, deviceID, id, ref, requestAccessFilter(r)); err != nil {
+		h.writeAssetError(w, "subtitle", id, err)
+		return
+	}
+}
+
+// writeAssetError maps offline asset (manifest/artwork/subtitle) errors. Access
+// denials and missing assets collapse to 404 so a download id never reveals the
+// existence of out-of-scope content.
+func (h *DownloadHandler) writeAssetError(w http.ResponseWriter, asset, id string, err error) {
+	switch {
+	case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrNotFound),
+		errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrAssetNotFound),
+		errors.Is(err, catalog.ErrItemNotFound):
+		writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "not_found", "Not found")
+	case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrInvalidSubtitleRef):
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_subtitle_ref", "Invalid subtitle reference")
+	case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrDownloadNotActive):
+		writeError(w, http.StatusConflict, "download_inactive", "This download is no longer active")
+	case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrProfileRequired):
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "profile_required", "A profile is required for managed downloads")
+	case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrManifestUnavailable):
+		writeError(w, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "unavailable", "Offline assets are not configured")
+	case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrFeatureDisabled), errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrDownloadNotAllowed):
+		writeError(w, http.StatusForbidden, "forbidden", "You are not allowed to download")
+	default:
+		slog.Error("failed to serve download asset", "asset", asset, "download_id", id, "error", err)
+		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "internal_error", "Failed to serve download asset")
+	}
+}
+
 func (h *DownloadHandler) writeDownloadError(w http.ResponseWriter, err error) {
 	switch {
-	case errors.Is(err, download.ErrFeatureDisabled):
+	case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrFeatureDisabled):
 		writeError(w, http.StatusForbidden, "feature_disabled", "Downloads are disabled")
-	case errors.Is(err, download.ErrDownloadNotAllowed):
+	case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrDownloadNotAllowed):
 		writeError(w, http.StatusForbidden, "forbidden", "You are not allowed to download")
-	case errors.Is(err, download.ErrConcurrentLimitReached):
+	case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrTranscodeDisabled):
+		writeError(w, http.StatusForbidden, "transcode_disabled", "Download transcoding is disabled")
+	case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrInvalidQuality):
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid_quality", "Unknown download quality")
+	case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrProfileRequired):
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "profile_required", "A profile is required for managed downloads")
+	case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrBulkQualityUnavailable):
+		writeError(w, http.StatusNotImplemented, "bulk_quality_unavailable", "Bitrate quality is not available for bulk downloads yet")
+	case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrQualityUnavailable):
+		writeError(w, http.StatusNotImplemented, "quality_unavailable", "This download quality is not available")
+	case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrFormatUnavailable):
+		writeError(w, http.StatusNotImplemented, "format_unavailable", "This download format is not available yet")
+	case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrConcurrentLimitReached):
 		writeError(w, http.StatusTooManyRequests, "download_limit_exceeded", "Maximum concurrent downloads reached")
-	case errors.Is(err, download.ErrPeriodLimitReached):
+	case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrPeriodLimitReached):
 		writeError(w, http.StatusTooManyRequests, "download_quota_exceeded", "Download quota exceeded for this period")
+	case errors.Is(err, downloads.ErrNoDownloadableEpisodes):
+		writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "no_downloadable_episodes", "No downloadable episodes found")
 	case errors.Is(err, catalog.ErrItemNotFound):
 		writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "not_found", "Media item not found")
 	default:

internal/api/handlers/downloads_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,826 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
+
+	apimw "github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/api/middleware"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/auth"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/catalog"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/downloads"
+)
+
+// fakeDownloadService is a programmable DownloadService for handler tests. It
+// records the identity (user/profile/device) it was called with so tests can
+// assert the handler threads header-only device authority correctly.
+type fakeDownloadService struct {
+	capability     downloads.Capability
+	created        *downloads.Download
+	createErr      error
+	series         []*downloads.Download
+	seriesID       string
+	seriesErr      error
+	list           []*downloads.Download
+	listErr        error
+	deleteErr      error
+	patchErr       error
+	serveErr       error
+	directErr      error
+	manifest       *downloads.OfflineManifest
+	batchManifests []*downloads.OfflineManifest
+	batchSkipped   []downloads.SkippedManifest
+	manifestErr    error
+	artworkErr     error
+	subtitleErr    error
+
+	gotCreateReq     downloads.CreateRequest
+	gotSeriesReq     downloads.CreateRequest
+	gotList          identityCall
+	gotServe         identityCall
+	gotDelete        identityCall
+	gotPatch         identityCall
+	gotPatchStatus   string
+	gotManifest      identityCall
+	gotBatchManifest identityCall
+	gotArtwork       identityCall
+	gotArtworkKind   string
+	gotSubtitle      identityCall
+	gotSubtitleRef   string
+	gotDirectFormat  string
+	gotDirectFileID  int
+
+	// Season download + series-monitoring (subscription) fakes.
+	season       []*downloads.Download
+	seasonID     string
+	seasonErr    error
+	gotSeasonReq downloads.CreateRequest
+	gotSeasonNum int
+	seasonCalled bool
+
+	subResult      *downloads.SubscriptionResult
+	subList        []*downloads.Subscription
+	sub            *downloads.Subscription
+	subErr         error
+	subDeleteErr   error
+	gotSubReq      downloads.SubscriptionRequest
+	gotSubPatch    downloads.SubscriptionPatch
+	gotSubIdent    identityCall
+	syncRegistered int
+}
+
+type identityCall struct {
+	userID     int
+	profileID  string
+	deviceID   string
+	downloadID string
+}
+
+func (f *fakeDownloadService) Capability(context.Context, int) (downloads.Capability, error) {
+	return f.capability, nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeDownloadService) Create(_ context.Context, _ int, req downloads.CreateRequest, _ catalog.AccessFilter) (*downloads.Download, error) {
+	f.gotCreateReq = req
+	if f.createErr != nil {
+		return nil, f.createErr
+	}
+	return f.created, nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeDownloadService) CreateSeries(_ context.Context, _ int, req downloads.CreateRequest, _ catalog.AccessFilter) ([]*downloads.Download, string, []downloads.SkippedDownload, error) {
+	f.gotSeriesReq = req
+	if f.seriesErr != nil {
+		return nil, "", nil, f.seriesErr
+	}
+	return f.series, f.seriesID, nil, nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeDownloadService) CreateSeason(_ context.Context, _ int, req downloads.CreateRequest, seasonNumber int, _ catalog.AccessFilter) ([]*downloads.Download, string, []downloads.SkippedDownload, error) {
+	f.gotSeasonReq = req
+	f.gotSeasonNum = seasonNumber
+	f.seasonCalled = true
+	if f.seasonErr != nil {
+		return nil, "", nil, f.seasonErr
+	}
+	return f.season, f.seasonID, nil, nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeDownloadService) CreateSubscription(_ context.Context, _ int, req downloads.SubscriptionRequest, _ catalog.AccessFilter) (*downloads.SubscriptionResult, error) {
+	f.gotSubReq = req
+	if f.subErr != nil {
+		return nil, f.subErr
+	}
+	return f.subResult, nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeDownloadService) ListSubscriptions(_ context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID string) ([]*downloads.Subscription, error) {
+	f.gotSubIdent = identityCall{userID: userID, profileID: profileID, deviceID: deviceID}
+	return f.subList, f.subErr
+}
+
+func (f *fakeDownloadService) GetSubscription(_ context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID, id string) (*downloads.Subscription, error) {
+	f.gotSubIdent = identityCall{userID, profileID, deviceID, id}
+	if f.subErr != nil {
+		return nil, f.subErr
+	}
+	return f.sub, nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeDownloadService) UpdateSubscription(_ context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID, id string, patch downloads.SubscriptionPatch, _ catalog.AccessFilter) (*downloads.SubscriptionResult, error) {
+	f.gotSubIdent = identityCall{userID, profileID, deviceID, id}
+	f.gotSubPatch = patch
+	if f.subErr != nil {
+		return nil, f.subErr
+	}
+	return f.subResult, nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeDownloadService) DeleteSubscription(_ context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID, id string) error {
+	f.gotSubIdent = identityCall{userID, profileID, deviceID, id}
+	return f.subDeleteErr
+}
+
+func (f *fakeDownloadService) SyncSubscriptions(_ context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID string, _ catalog.AccessFilter) (int, error) {
+	f.gotSubIdent = identityCall{userID: userID, profileID: profileID, deviceID: deviceID}
+	if f.subErr != nil {
+		return 0, f.subErr
+	}
+	return f.syncRegistered, nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeDownloadService) ServeDirect(_ context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request, _, fileID int, format string, _ catalog.AccessFilter) error {
+	f.gotDirectFileID = fileID
+	f.gotDirectFormat = format
+	if f.directErr != nil {
+		return f.directErr
+	}
+	_, _ = w.Write([]byte("served"))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeDownloadService) ServeFile(_ context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request, userID int, profileID, deviceID, downloadID string, _ catalog.AccessFilter) error {
+	f.gotServe = identityCall{userID, profileID, deviceID, downloadID}
+	if f.serveErr != nil {
+		return f.serveErr
+	}
+	_, _ = w.Write([]byte("served"))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeDownloadService) List(_ context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID string) ([]*downloads.Download, error) {
+	f.gotList = identityCall{userID: userID, profileID: profileID, deviceID: deviceID}
+	return f.list, f.listErr
+}
+
+func (f *fakeDownloadService) Delete(_ context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID, downloadID string) error {
+	f.gotDelete = identityCall{userID, profileID, deviceID, downloadID}
+	return f.deleteErr
+}
+
+func (f *fakeDownloadService) PatchStatus(_ context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID, downloadID, status string) error {
+	f.gotPatch = identityCall{userID, profileID, deviceID, downloadID}
+	f.gotPatchStatus = status
+	return f.patchErr
+}
+
+func (f *fakeDownloadService) BuildManifest(_ context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID, downloadID string, _ catalog.AccessFilter) (*downloads.OfflineManifest, error) {
+	f.gotManifest = identityCall{userID, profileID, deviceID, downloadID}
+	if f.manifestErr != nil {
+		return nil, f.manifestErr
+	}
+	return f.manifest, nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeDownloadService) BuildBatchManifests(_ context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID, batchID string, _ catalog.AccessFilter) ([]*downloads.OfflineManifest, []downloads.SkippedManifest, error) {
+	f.gotBatchManifest = identityCall{userID, profileID, deviceID, batchID}
+	if f.manifestErr != nil {
+		return nil, nil, f.manifestErr
+	}
+	return f.batchManifests, f.batchSkipped, nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeDownloadService) ServeArtwork(_ context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request, userID int, profileID, deviceID, downloadID, kind string, _ catalog.AccessFilter) error {
+	f.gotArtwork = identityCall{userID, profileID, deviceID, downloadID}
+	f.gotArtworkKind = kind
+	if f.artworkErr != nil {
+		return f.artworkErr
+	}
+	_, _ = w.Write([]byte("img"))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeDownloadService) ServeSubtitle(_ context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request, userID int, profileID, deviceID, downloadID, ref string, _ catalog.AccessFilter) error {
+	f.gotSubtitle = identityCall{userID, profileID, deviceID, downloadID}
+	f.gotSubtitleRef = ref
+	if f.subtitleErr != nil {
+		return f.subtitleErr
+	}
+	_, _ = w.Write([]byte("WEBVTT"))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// downloadTestRequest builds a request with auth claims and optional profile +
+// device identity (as the viewer-access middleware / client headers would set).
+func downloadTestRequest(method, target string, body []byte, userID int, profileID, deviceID string) *http.Request {
+	var r *http.Request
+	if body != nil {
+		r = httptest.NewRequest(method, target, bytes.NewReader(body))
+	} else {
+		r = httptest.NewRequest(method, target, nil)
+	}
+	if userID != 0 {
+		ctx := apimw.SetClaims(r.Context(), &auth.Claims{
+			UserID:    userID,
+			Role:      "user",
+			TokenType: auth.TokenTypeAccess,
+		})
+		if profileID != "" {
+			ctx = apimw.SetProfileID(ctx, profileID)
+		}
+		r = r.WithContext(ctx)
+	}
+	if deviceID != "" {
+		r.Header.Set("X-Silo-Device-Id", deviceID)
+	}
+	return r
+}
+
+func withChiID(r *http.Request, id string) *http.Request {
+	rctx := chi.NewRouteContext()
+	rctx.URLParams.Add("id", id)
+	return r.WithContext(context.WithValue(r.Context(), chi.RouteCtxKey, rctx))
+}
+
+func TestHandleCapability(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &fakeDownloadService{capability: downloads.Capability{
+		Enabled:              true,
+		DownloadAllowed:      true,
+		QualityPresets:       []string{downloads.QualityOriginal},
+		TranscodeEnabled:     false,
+		TranscodeUserAllowed: true,
+	}}
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(svc)
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleCapability(rec, downloadTestRequest(http.MethodGet, "/downloads/capability", nil, 7, "", ""))
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 200 (body: %s)", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	var resp downloadCapabilityResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &resp); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !resp.Enabled || !resp.DownloadAllowed || resp.TranscodeEnabled || !resp.TranscodeUserAllowed {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected capability flags: %+v", resp)
+	}
+	if len(resp.QualityPresets) != 1 || resp.QualityPresets[0] != downloads.QualityOriginal {
+		t.Fatalf("quality presets = %v, want [original]", resp.QualityPresets)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleCapabilityUnauthorized(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(&fakeDownloadService{})
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleCapability(rec, httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/downloads/capability", nil))
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusUnauthorized {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 401", rec.Code)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleCapabilityNilService(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(nil)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleCapability(rec, downloadTestRequest(http.MethodGet, "/downloads/capability", nil, 7, "", ""))
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusServiceUnavailable {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 503", rec.Code)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleCreateDownloadThreadsQuality(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &fakeDownloadService{created: &downloads.Download{
+		ID: "dl1", ContentID: "c1", Status: downloads.StatusQueued, Format: downloads.FormatTranscode,
+		Quality: downloads.Quality5Mbps, EffectiveQuality: downloads.Quality5Mbps, TargetBitrateKbps: 5000, Revision: 2,
+	}}
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(svc)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(downloadRequest{ContentID: "c1", Quality: downloads.Quality5Mbps})
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleCreateDownload(rec, downloadTestRequest(http.MethodPost, "/downloads", body, 7, "", ""))
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusAccepted {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 202 (body: %s)", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if svc.gotCreateReq.Quality != downloads.Quality5Mbps {
+		t.Fatalf("service received quality %q, want 5mbps", svc.gotCreateReq.Quality)
+	}
+	var resp downloadResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &resp); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode: %v", err)
+	}
+	if resp.Quality != downloads.Quality5Mbps || resp.DeliveryFormat != downloads.FormatTranscode ||
+		resp.TargetBitrateKbps != 5000 || resp.Revision != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("response = %+v, want quality/delivery/bitrate/revision", resp)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleCreateDownloadSeriesThreadsQuality(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &fakeDownloadService{
+		series:   []*downloads.Download{{ID: "dl1", ContentID: "s1", Format: downloads.FormatOriginal, Quality: downloads.QualityOriginal, EffectiveQuality: downloads.QualityOriginal, Revision: 1}},
+		seriesID: "batch1",
+	}
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(svc)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(downloadRequest{ContentID: "s1", Series: true, Quality: downloads.QualityOriginal})
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleCreateDownload(rec, downloadTestRequest(http.MethodPost, "/downloads", body, 7, "", ""))
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusAccepted {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 202 (body: %s)", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if svc.gotSeriesReq.Quality != downloads.QualityOriginal {
+		t.Fatalf("series service received quality %q, want original", svc.gotSeriesReq.Quality)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleCreateDownloadMissingContentID(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(&fakeDownloadService{})
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(downloadRequest{Quality: downloads.QualityOriginal})
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleCreateDownload(rec, downloadTestRequest(http.MethodPost, "/downloads", body, 7, "", ""))
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 400", rec.Code)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleCreateDownloadErrorMapping(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		err      error
+		wantCode int
+	}{
+		{"feature disabled", downloads.ErrFeatureDisabled, http.StatusForbidden},
+		{"not allowed", downloads.ErrDownloadNotAllowed, http.StatusForbidden},
+		{"transcode disabled", downloads.ErrTranscodeDisabled, http.StatusForbidden},
+		{"invalid quality", downloads.ErrInvalidQuality, http.StatusBadRequest},
+		{"quality unavailable", downloads.ErrQualityUnavailable, http.StatusNotImplemented},
+		{"bulk quality unavailable", downloads.ErrBulkQualityUnavailable, http.StatusNotImplemented},
+		{"format unavailable", downloads.ErrFormatUnavailable, http.StatusNotImplemented},
+		{"profile required", downloads.ErrProfileRequired, http.StatusBadRequest},
+		{"concurrent limit", downloads.ErrConcurrentLimitReached, http.StatusTooManyRequests},
+		{"period limit", downloads.ErrPeriodLimitReached, http.StatusTooManyRequests},
+		{"item not found", catalog.ErrItemNotFound, http.StatusNotFound},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			h := NewDownloadHandler(&fakeDownloadService{createErr: tc.err})
+			body, _ := json.Marshal(downloadRequest{ContentID: "c1"})
+			rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			h.HandleCreateDownload(rec, downloadTestRequest(http.MethodPost, "/downloads", body, 7, "", ""))
+			if rec.Code != tc.wantCode {
+				t.Fatalf("status = %d, want %d (body: %s)", rec.Code, tc.wantCode, rec.Body.String())
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestManagedCreateUsesHeaderDeviceNotBody verifies invariant 2's "device_id
+// authority is the header only": a device_id placed in the JSON body is ignored,
+// and the service receives the X-Silo-Device-Id header value + the profile.
+func TestManagedCreateUsesHeaderDeviceNotBody(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &fakeDownloadService{created: &downloads.Download{ID: "dl1", ContentID: "c1", DeviceID: "devA"}}
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(svc)
+
+	// Body smuggles a device_id; it is not a field of downloadRequest, so it is
+	// structurally dropped and must never reach the service.
+	body := []byte(`{"content_id":"c1","device_id":"EVIL","profile_id":"EVIL"}`)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleCreateDownload(rec, downloadTestRequest(http.MethodPost, "/downloads", body, 7, "pA", "devA"))
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusAccepted {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 202 (body: %s)", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if svc.gotCreateReq.DeviceID != "devA" {
+		t.Fatalf("service device id = %q, want header value devA", svc.gotCreateReq.DeviceID)
+	}
+	if svc.gotCreateReq.ProfileID != "pA" {
+		t.Fatalf("service profile id = %q, want context value pA", svc.gotCreateReq.ProfileID)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestManagedFileThreadsIdentity(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &fakeDownloadService{}
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(svc)
+	req := withChiID(downloadTestRequest(http.MethodGet, "/downloads/dl1/file", nil, 7, "pA", "devA"), "dl1")
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleDownloadFile(rec, req)
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 200 (body: %s)", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if svc.gotServe != (identityCall{7, "pA", "devA", "dl1"}) {
+		t.Fatalf("serve identity = %+v, want {7 pA devA dl1}", svc.gotServe)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestManagedListThreadsIdentity(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &fakeDownloadService{}
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(svc)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleListDownloads(rec, downloadTestRequest(http.MethodGet, "/downloads", nil, 7, "pA", "devA"))
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 200", rec.Code)
+	}
+	if svc.gotList.deviceID != "devA" || svc.gotList.profileID != "pA" {
+		t.Fatalf("list identity = %+v, want profile pA device devA", svc.gotList)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestManagedDeleteThreadsIdentity(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &fakeDownloadService{}
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(svc)
+	req := withChiID(downloadTestRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/downloads/dl1", nil, 7, "pA", "devA"), "dl1")
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleDeleteDownload(rec, req)
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusNoContent {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 204 (body: %s)", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if svc.gotDelete != (identityCall{7, "pA", "devA", "dl1"}) {
+		t.Fatalf("delete identity = %+v, want {7 pA devA dl1}", svc.gotDelete)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleDeleteDownloadNotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(&fakeDownloadService{deleteErr: downloads.ErrNotFound})
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req := withChiID(downloadTestRequest(http.MethodDelete, "/downloads/dl1", nil, 7, "", ""), "dl1")
+	h.HandleDeleteDownload(rec, req)
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusNotFound {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 404", rec.Code)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestManagedPatchRequiresDeviceHeader(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(&fakeDownloadService{})
+	// No device header → 400 device_id_required, even with a profile present.
+	req := withChiID(downloadTestRequest(http.MethodPatch, "/downloads/dl1", []byte(`{"status":"completed"}`), 7, "pA", ""), "dl1")
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandlePatchDownload(rec, req)
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 400 device_id_required (body: %s)", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestManagedPatchThreadsIdentityAndStatus(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &fakeDownloadService{}
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(svc)
+	req := withChiID(downloadTestRequest(http.MethodPatch, "/downloads/dl1", []byte(`{"status":"completed"}`), 7, "pA", "devA"), "dl1")
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandlePatchDownload(rec, req)
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusNoContent {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 204 (body: %s)", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if svc.gotPatch != (identityCall{7, "pA", "devA", "dl1"}) {
+		t.Fatalf("patch identity = %+v, want {7 pA devA dl1}", svc.gotPatch)
+	}
+	if svc.gotPatchStatus != downloads.StatusCompleted {
+		t.Fatalf("patch status = %q, want completed", svc.gotPatchStatus)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleDirectDownloadThreadsOriginalFormat(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &fakeDownloadService{}
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(svc)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleDirectDownload(rec, downloadTestRequest(http.MethodGet, "/direct-download?file_id=42&format=original", nil, 7, "", ""))
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 200 (body: %s)", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if svc.gotDirectFileID != 42 {
+		t.Fatalf("file id = %d, want 42", svc.gotDirectFileID)
+	}
+	if svc.gotDirectFormat != downloads.FormatOriginal {
+		t.Fatalf("direct format = %q, want original", svc.gotDirectFormat)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleDirectDownloadMissingFileID(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(&fakeDownloadService{})
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleDirectDownload(rec, downloadTestRequest(http.MethodGet, "/direct-download", nil, 7, "", ""))
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 400", rec.Code)
+	}
+}
+
+func withChiParams(r *http.Request, params map[string]string) *http.Request {
+	rctx := chi.NewRouteContext()
+	for k, v := range params {
+		rctx.URLParams.Add(k, v)
+	}
+	return r.WithContext(context.WithValue(r.Context(), chi.RouteCtxKey, rctx))
+}
+
+func TestManagedManifestRequiresDeviceHeader(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(&fakeDownloadService{})
+	// Profile present but no device header → 400 device_id_required.
+	req := withChiID(downloadTestRequest(http.MethodGet, "/downloads/dl1/manifest", nil, 7, "pA", ""), "dl1")
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleManifest(rec, req)
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 400 (body: %s)", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestManagedManifestThreadsIdentity(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &fakeDownloadService{manifest: &downloads.OfflineManifest{DownloadID: "dl1", Title: "Movie"}}
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(svc)
+	req := withChiID(downloadTestRequest(http.MethodGet, "/downloads/dl1/manifest", nil, 7, "pA", "devA"), "dl1")
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleManifest(rec, req)
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 200 (body: %s)", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if svc.gotManifest != (identityCall{7, "pA", "devA", "dl1"}) {
+		t.Fatalf("manifest identity = %+v, want {7 pA devA dl1}", svc.gotManifest)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestManagedBatchManifestsThreadsIdentity(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &fakeDownloadService{batchManifests: []*downloads.OfflineManifest{
+		{DownloadID: "dl1", Title: "Episode 1"},
+	}}
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(svc)
+	req := withChiParams(downloadTestRequest(http.MethodGet, "/downloads/batches/b1/manifests", nil, 7, "pA", "devA"),
+		map[string]string{"batch_id": "b1"})
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleBatchManifests(rec, req)
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 200 (body: %s)", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if svc.gotBatchManifest != (identityCall{7, "pA", "devA", "b1"}) {
+		t.Fatalf("batch manifest identity = %+v, want {7 pA devA b1}", svc.gotBatchManifest)
+	}
+	var resp batchManifestsResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &resp); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(resp.Manifests) != 1 || resp.Manifests[0].DownloadID != "dl1" {
+		t.Fatalf("manifests = %+v, want one dl1 manifest", resp.Manifests)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestManagedAssetsDenyRestrictedProfile is the Phase 2 acceptance test: a
+// profile denied content access (the service returns ErrItemNotFound) gets a
+// 404 from manifest, artwork, and subtitle — a download id never reveals
+// out-of-scope content.
+func TestManagedAssetsDenyRestrictedProfile(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("manifest", func(t *testing.T) {
+		h := NewDownloadHandler(&fakeDownloadService{manifestErr: catalog.ErrItemNotFound})
+		req := withChiID(downloadTestRequest(http.MethodGet, "/downloads/dl1/manifest", nil, 7, "child", "devC"), "dl1")
+		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		h.HandleManifest(rec, req)
+		if rec.Code != http.StatusNotFound {
+			t.Fatalf("manifest status = %d, want 404", rec.Code)
+		}
+	})
+	t.Run("artwork", func(t *testing.T) {
+		h := NewDownloadHandler(&fakeDownloadService{artworkErr: catalog.ErrItemNotFound})
+		req := withChiParams(downloadTestRequest(http.MethodGet, "/downloads/dl1/artwork/poster", nil, 7, "child", "devC"),
+			map[string]string{"id": "dl1", "kind": "poster"})
+		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		h.HandleArtwork(rec, req)
+		if rec.Code != http.StatusNotFound {
+			t.Fatalf("artwork status = %d, want 404", rec.Code)
+		}
+	})
+	t.Run("subtitle", func(t *testing.T) {
+		h := NewDownloadHandler(&fakeDownloadService{subtitleErr: catalog.ErrItemNotFound})
+		req := withChiParams(downloadTestRequest(http.MethodGet, "/downloads/dl1/subtitles/external:0", nil, 7, "child", "devC"),
+			map[string]string{"id": "dl1", "ref": "external:0"})
+		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		h.HandleSubtitle(rec, req)
+		if rec.Code != http.StatusNotFound {
+			t.Fatalf("subtitle status = %d, want 404", rec.Code)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestManagedArtworkThreadsIdentity(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &fakeDownloadService{}
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(svc)
+	req := withChiParams(downloadTestRequest(http.MethodGet, "/downloads/dl1/artwork/backdrop", nil, 7, "pA", "devA"),
+		map[string]string{"id": "dl1", "kind": "backdrop"})
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleArtwork(rec, req)
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 200 (body: %s)", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if svc.gotArtwork != (identityCall{7, "pA", "devA", "dl1"}) || svc.gotArtworkKind != "backdrop" {
+		t.Fatalf("artwork identity = %+v kind = %q", svc.gotArtwork, svc.gotArtworkKind)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestManagedSubtitleInvalidRef(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(&fakeDownloadService{subtitleErr: downloads.ErrInvalidSubtitleRef})
+	req := withChiParams(downloadTestRequest(http.MethodGet, "/downloads/dl1/subtitles/bogus", nil, 7, "pA", "devA"),
+		map[string]string{"id": "dl1", "ref": "bogus"})
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleSubtitle(rec, req)
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 400 (body: %s)", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func intPtr(i int) *int { return &i }
+
+// TestHandleCreateDownloadSeasonRoutes verifies that series=true + a season
+// number routes to CreateSeason (not CreateSeries) with the season threaded.
+func TestHandleCreateDownloadSeasonRoutes(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &fakeDownloadService{
+		season:   []*downloads.Download{{ID: "dl1", ContentID: "s1", EpisodeID: "e1", Format: downloads.FormatOriginal}},
+		seasonID: "batch1",
+	}
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(svc)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(downloadRequest{ContentID: "s1", Series: true, Season: intPtr(2)})
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleCreateDownload(rec, downloadTestRequest(http.MethodPost, "/downloads", body, 7, "pA", "devA"))
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusAccepted {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 202 (body: %s)", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if svc.gotSeasonNum != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("season number = %d, want 2", svc.gotSeasonNum)
+	}
+	if svc.gotSeasonReq.ContentID != "s1" {
+		t.Fatalf("season content id = %q, want s1", svc.gotSeasonReq.ContentID)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestHandleCreateDownloadSpecialsSeason pins the Specials boundary: season 0
+// must route to CreateSeason(0), not silently broaden to a full-series
+// download, and negative seasons are rejected.
+func TestHandleCreateDownloadSpecialsSeason(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &fakeDownloadService{
+		season:   []*downloads.Download{{ID: "dl1", ContentID: "s1", EpisodeID: "e1", Format: downloads.FormatOriginal}},
+		seasonID: "batch1",
+	}
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(svc)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(downloadRequest{ContentID: "s1", Series: true, Season: intPtr(0)})
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleCreateDownload(rec, downloadTestRequest(http.MethodPost, "/downloads", body, 7, "pA", "devA"))
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusAccepted {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 202 (body: %s)", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if !svc.seasonCalled || svc.gotSeasonNum != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("seasonCalled=%v num=%d, want CreateSeason(0)", svc.seasonCalled, svc.gotSeasonNum)
+	}
+	if svc.gotSeriesReq.ContentID != "" {
+		t.Fatal("season 0 must not fall through to CreateSeries")
+	}
+
+	rec = httptest.NewRecorder()
+	body, _ = json.Marshal(downloadRequest{ContentID: "s1", Series: true, Season: intPtr(-1)})
+	h.HandleCreateDownload(rec, downloadTestRequest(http.MethodPost, "/downloads", body, 7, "pA", "devA"))
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Fatalf("negative season status = %d, want 400", rec.Code)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleCreateSubscriptionThreadsRequest(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &fakeDownloadService{subResult: &downloads.SubscriptionResult{
+		Subscription: &downloads.Subscription{ID: "sub1", SeriesID: "s1", Mode: downloads.SubModeLatestSeason, Active: true},
+		Registered:   3,
+	}}
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(svc)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(subscriptionRequest{SeriesID: "s1", Mode: downloads.SubModeLatestSeason, DeleteWatched: true, MaxStorageBytes: 1024})
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleCreateSubscription(rec, downloadTestRequest(http.MethodPost, "/downloads/subscriptions", body, 7, "pA", "devA"))
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusAccepted {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 202 (body: %s)", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if svc.gotSubReq.SeriesID != "s1" || svc.gotSubReq.Mode != downloads.SubModeLatestSeason {
+		t.Fatalf("subscription request = %+v", svc.gotSubReq)
+	}
+	if svc.gotSubReq.DeviceID != "devA" || svc.gotSubReq.ProfileID != "pA" {
+		t.Fatalf("subscription identity = profile %q device %q, want pA/devA", svc.gotSubReq.ProfileID, svc.gotSubReq.DeviceID)
+	}
+	if !svc.gotSubReq.DeleteWatched || svc.gotSubReq.MaxStorageBytes != 1024 {
+		t.Fatalf("subscription options not threaded: %+v", svc.gotSubReq)
+	}
+	var resp subscriptionResultResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &resp); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode: %v", err)
+	}
+	if resp.Registered != 3 || resp.Subscription.ID != "sub1" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected response: %+v", resp)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestHandleCreateSubscriptionRequiresDevice enforces that monitoring is
+// device-scoped: a missing X-Silo-Device-Id header is a 400 even with a profile.
+func TestHandleCreateSubscriptionRequiresDevice(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(&fakeDownloadService{})
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(subscriptionRequest{SeriesID: "s1", Mode: downloads.SubModeAll})
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleCreateSubscription(rec, downloadTestRequest(http.MethodPost, "/downloads/subscriptions", body, 7, "pA", ""))
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 400 (body: %s)", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleListSubscriptionsThreadsIdentity(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &fakeDownloadService{subList: []*downloads.Subscription{{ID: "sub1", SeriesID: "s1", Mode: downloads.SubModeAll, Active: true}}}
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(svc)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleListSubscriptions(rec, downloadTestRequest(http.MethodGet, "/downloads/subscriptions", nil, 7, "pA", "devA"))
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 200 (body: %s)", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if svc.gotSubIdent.profileID != "pA" || svc.gotSubIdent.deviceID != "devA" {
+		t.Fatalf("list identity = %+v, want profile pA device devA", svc.gotSubIdent)
+	}
+	var resp subscriptionsListResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &resp); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(resp.Subscriptions) != 1 || resp.Subscriptions[0].ID != "sub1" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected subscriptions: %+v", resp.Subscriptions)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleSubscriptionErrorMapping(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		err      error
+		wantCode int
+	}{
+		{"not found", downloads.ErrSubscriptionNotFound, http.StatusNotFound},
+		{"unavailable", downloads.ErrSubscriptionsUnavailable, http.StatusServiceUnavailable},
+		{"invalid mode", downloads.ErrInvalidSubscriptionMode, http.StatusBadRequest},
+		{"seasons required", downloads.ErrSeasonsRequired, http.StatusBadRequest},
+		{"not series", downloads.ErrNotSeries, http.StatusBadRequest},
+		{"not allowed", downloads.ErrDownloadNotAllowed, http.StatusForbidden},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			h := NewDownloadHandler(&fakeDownloadService{subErr: tc.err})
+			body, _ := json.Marshal(subscriptionRequest{SeriesID: "s1", Mode: downloads.SubModeAll})
+			rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			h.HandleCreateSubscription(rec, downloadTestRequest(http.MethodPost, "/downloads/subscriptions", body, 7, "pA", "devA"))
+			if rec.Code != tc.wantCode {
+				t.Fatalf("status = %d, want %d (body: %s)", rec.Code, tc.wantCode, rec.Body.String())
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleSyncSubscriptionsThreadsIdentity(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := &fakeDownloadService{syncRegistered: 5}
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(svc)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleSyncSubscriptions(rec, downloadTestRequest(http.MethodPost, "/downloads/subscriptions/sync", nil, 7, "pA", "devA"))
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 200 (body: %s)", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if svc.gotSubIdent.profileID != "pA" || svc.gotSubIdent.deviceID != "devA" {
+		t.Fatalf("sync identity = %+v, want profile pA device devA", svc.gotSubIdent)
+	}
+	var resp subscriptionSyncResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &resp); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode: %v", err)
+	}
+	if resp.Registered != 5 {
+		t.Fatalf("registered = %d, want 5", resp.Registered)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleSyncSubscriptionsRequiresDevice(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewDownloadHandler(&fakeDownloadService{})
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	// Profile present, no device header → 400 device_id_required.
+	h.HandleSyncSubscriptions(rec, downloadTestRequest(http.MethodPost, "/downloads/subscriptions/sync", nil, 7, "pA", ""))
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 400 (body: %s)", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+}

internal/api/handlers/filesystem.go

@@ -56,14 +56,27 @@ func (h *FilesystemHandler) HandleBrowse(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)
 
 	result := make([]filesystemBrowseEntry, 0, len(entries))
 	for _, entry := range entries {
+		name := entry.Name()
+		full := filepath.Join(cleaned, name)
+
+		// os.ReadDir reports lstat semantics, so a symlink to a directory has
+		// IsDir() == false. Follow symlink entries with os.Stat and keep them only
+		// when the target is a directory; skip links whose target cannot be stat'd
+		// (broken or looping). Non-symlink, non-directory entries (regular files)
+		// are skipped without the extra stat so large media folders stay fast.
 		if !entry.IsDir() {
-			continue
+			if entry.Type()&os.ModeSymlink == 0 {
+				continue
+			}
+			target, err := os.Stat(full)
+			if err != nil || !target.IsDir() {
+				continue
+			}
 		}
 
-		name := entry.Name()
 		result = append(result, filesystemBrowseEntry{
 			Name: name,
-			Path: filepath.Join(cleaned, name),
+			Path: full,
 		})
 	}
 

internal/api/handlers/filesystem_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// TestHandleBrowseFollowsDirectorySymlinks verifies that the folder browser
+// lists symlinks that resolve to directories (issue #208). os.ReadDir returns
+// lstat-based entries, so a directory symlink reports IsDir() == false and was
+// silently dropped; the handler must os.Stat each entry to follow the link.
+func TestHandleBrowseFollowsDirectorySymlinks(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("symlink creation is unreliable on Windows CI")
+	}
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	root := t.TempDir()
+
+	// A real directory that should always be listed.
+	realDir := filepath.Join(root, "real-dir")
+	if err := os.Mkdir(realDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mkdir real-dir: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// The symlink-to-directory target lives outside root so the browser cannot
+	// reach it except by following the link — mirrors the reported setup where
+	// entries under a bind mount point into a separate FUSE mount.
+	linkTarget := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "link-target")
+	if err := os.Mkdir(linkTarget, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mkdir link-target: %v", err)
+	}
+	dirSymlink := filepath.Join(root, "symlinked-dir")
+	if err := os.Symlink(linkTarget, dirSymlink); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("symlink dir: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// A regular file: must never be listed by the folder browser.
+	regularFile := filepath.Join(root, "note.txt")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(regularFile, []byte("x"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// A symlink to a file: resolves to a non-directory, must not be listed.
+	fileSymlink := filepath.Join(root, "note-link")
+	if err := os.Symlink(regularFile, fileSymlink); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("symlink file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// A broken symlink: os.Stat fails; it must be skipped, not error the request.
+	brokenSymlink := filepath.Join(root, "broken-link")
+	if err := os.Symlink(filepath.Join(root, "does-not-exist"), brokenSymlink); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("symlink broken: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	handler := NewFilesystemHandler()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/filesystem/browse?path="+root, nil)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.HandleBrowse(rec, req)
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, body = %s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+
+	var resp filesystemBrowseResponse
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(rec.Body).Decode(&resp); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode response: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	got := make(map[string]string, len(resp.Entries))
+	for _, e := range resp.Entries {
+		got[e.Name] = e.Path
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := got["real-dir"]; !ok {
+		t.Errorf("real-dir missing from entries: %+v", resp.Entries)
+	}
+	if path, ok := got["symlinked-dir"]; !ok {
+		t.Errorf("symlinked-dir (directory symlink) missing from entries: %+v", resp.Entries)
+	} else if want := filepath.Join(root, "symlinked-dir"); path != want {
+		t.Errorf("symlinked-dir path = %q, want %q", path, want)
+	}
+	if _, ok := got["note.txt"]; ok {
+		t.Errorf("regular file note.txt should not be listed: %+v", resp.Entries)
+	}
+	if _, ok := got["note-link"]; ok {
+		t.Errorf("file symlink note-link should not be listed: %+v", resp.Entries)
+	}
+	if _, ok := got["broken-link"]; ok {
+		t.Errorf("broken symlink broken-link should not be listed: %+v", resp.Entries)
+	}
+}

internal/api/handlers/libraries.go

@@ -687,6 +687,26 @@ func (h *LibraryHandler) HandleUpdateLibrary(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Requ
 		}
 	}
 
+	// Re-fetch metadata when the library's metadata language changed, so
+	// existing items adopt the new language instead of keeping the one
+	// stamped at first match. Quick mode suffices: the refresh item lister
+	// includes complete-but-language-mismatched items.
+	if h.JobRepo != nil && !strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(oldFolder.MetadataLanguage), strings.TrimSpace(folder.MetadataLanguage)) {
+		job, jobErr := h.JobRepo.CreateLibraryRefresh(r.Context(), currentAdminUserID(r), adminjob.LibraryRefreshRequest{
+			LibraryID:   folder.ID,
+			LibraryName: folder.Name,
+			Mode:        adminjob.LibraryRefreshModeQuick,
+		}, "Queued metadata refresh after library language change")
+		if jobErr != nil {
+			var conflict *adminjob.ActiveJobConflictError
+			if !errors.As(jobErr, &conflict) {
+				slog.Warn("queue language-change metadata refresh failed", "library_id", folder.ID, "error", jobErr)
+			}
+		} else {
+			publishEventJob(r.Context(), h.EventsHub, "job.created", job)
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Rescan when paths have changed (folders added or removed).
 	if req.Paths != nil && !slices.Equal(oldFolder.Paths, *req.Paths) {
 		if h.ScanQueue != nil {
@@ -2495,10 +2515,15 @@ func (h *LibraryHandler) HandleListUnmatchedItems(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http
 		)`
 	}
 
+	// Manga chapters carry their series' match state; the chapter rows
+	// themselves stay 'pending' and are resolved through the manga series,
+	// so they must not surface as actionable unmatched items here.
+	mangaChapterGuard := ` AND ` + catalog.MangaChapterExclusionWhere("mi")
+
 	countSQL := `
 		SELECT COUNT(*)
 		FROM media_items mi
-		WHERE mi.status IN ('unmatched', 'pending', 'ambiguous')`
+		WHERE mi.status IN ('unmatched', 'pending', 'ambiguous')` + mangaChapterGuard
 	countSQL += filter
 
 	var total int
@@ -2521,10 +2546,10 @@ func (h *LibraryHandler) HandleListUnmatchedItems(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http
 			WHERE mil.content_id = mi.content_id
 			LIMIT 1
 		) lib ON true
-		WHERE mi.status IN ('unmatched', 'pending', 'ambiguous')%s
+		WHERE mi.status IN ('unmatched', 'pending', 'ambiguous')%s%s
 		ORDER BY mi.title ASC, mi.content_id ASC
 		LIMIT $%d OFFSET $%d
-	`, filter, len(filterArgs)+1, len(filterArgs)+2)
+	`, mangaChapterGuard, filter, len(filterArgs)+1, len(filterArgs)+2)
 
 	rows, err := h.pool.Query(r.Context(), listSQL, listArgs...)
 	if err != nil {

internal/api/handlers/libraries_language_change_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool"
+
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/adminjob"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/catalog"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/models"
+)
+
+type fakeAdminJobCreator struct {
+	mu       sync.Mutex
+	refreshs []adminjob.LibraryRefreshRequest
+}
+
+func (f *fakeAdminJobCreator) Create(context.Context, adminjob.CreateJobInput) (*models.AdminJob, error) {
+	return &models.AdminJob{}, nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeAdminJobCreator) CreateLibraryRefresh(_ context.Context, _ int, req adminjob.LibraryRefreshRequest, _ string) (*models.AdminJob, error) {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	f.refreshs = append(f.refreshs, req)
+	return &models.AdminJob{}, nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeAdminJobCreator) libraryRefreshes() []adminjob.LibraryRefreshRequest {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	return append([]adminjob.LibraryRefreshRequest(nil), f.refreshs...)
+}
+
+// TestHandleUpdateLibraryLanguageChangeQueuesRefresh covers the trigger half
+// of issue #211: changing a library's metadata language must enqueue a
+// library metadata refresh so existing items re-fetch in the new language,
+// while an update that does not change the language must not enqueue one.
+func TestHandleUpdateLibraryLanguageChangeQueuesRefresh(t *testing.T) {
+	dsn := os.Getenv("SILO_TEST_DATABASE_URL")
+	if dsn == "" {
+		t.Skip("SILO_TEST_DATABASE_URL is not set")
+	}
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	pool, err := pgxpool.New(ctx, dsn)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("connect db: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(pool.Close)
+
+	var folderID int
+	if err := pool.QueryRow(ctx, `
+		INSERT INTO media_folders (type, name, enabled, metadata_language)
+		VALUES ('movies', 'Lang Change Test', true, 'zh')
+		RETURNING id
+	`).Scan(&folderID); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed folder: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_, _ = pool.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM media_folders WHERE id = $1`, folderID)
+	})
+
+	jobs := &fakeAdminJobCreator{}
+	h := NewLibraryHandler(catalog.NewFolderRepository(pool), nil, nil, pool, nil)
+	h.JobRepo = jobs
+
+	doUpdate := func(body string) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
+		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPut, "/libraries/"+strconv.Itoa(folderID), strings.NewReader(body))
+		chiCtx := chi.NewRouteContext()
+		chiCtx.URLParams.Add("id", strconv.Itoa(folderID))
+		req = req.WithContext(context.WithValue(req.Context(), chi.RouteCtxKey, chiCtx))
+		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		h.HandleUpdateLibrary(rec, req)
+		return rec
+	}
+
+	// An update that does not touch the language must not enqueue a refresh.
+	if rec := doUpdate(`{"name":"Lang Change Test Renamed"}`); rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("rename update status = %d (body: %s)", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if got := jobs.libraryRefreshes(); len(got) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("refresh jobs after rename = %d, want 0", len(got))
+	}
+
+	// Changing the metadata language must enqueue a refresh for this library.
+	if rec := doUpdate(`{"metadata_language":"da"}`); rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("language update status = %d (body: %s)", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	refreshes := jobs.libraryRefreshes()
+	if len(refreshes) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("refresh jobs after language change = %d, want 1", len(refreshes))
+	}
+	if refreshes[0].LibraryID != folderID {
+		t.Errorf("refresh library id = %d, want %d", refreshes[0].LibraryID, folderID)
+	}
+
+	// Re-submitting the same language is a no-op update and must not enqueue.
+	if rec := doUpdate(`{"metadata_language":"da"}`); rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("same-language update status = %d (body: %s)", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if got := jobs.libraryRefreshes(); len(got) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("refresh jobs after same-language update = %d, want still 1", len(got))
+	}
+}

internal/api/handlers/libraries_unmatched_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool"
+)
+
+// TestHandleListUnmatchedItemsExcludesMangaChapters verifies that manga
+// chapter rows (type='ebook' items linked into a series via manga_chapters)
+// do not appear in the admin Unmatched queue, while genuinely pending items
+// still do. Regression test for issue #204.
+func TestHandleListUnmatchedItemsExcludesMangaChapters(t *testing.T) {
+	dsn := os.Getenv("SILO_TEST_DATABASE_URL")
+	if dsn == "" {
+		t.Skip("set SILO_TEST_DATABASE_URL to run DB-backed unmatched items handler test")
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	pool, err := pgxpool.New(ctx, dsn)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("connect db: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(pool.Close)
+
+	suffix := time.Now().UnixNano()
+	// Embed a unique per-run tag in every seeded title and scope the search
+	// query to it, so concurrent or leftover rows in a shared test database
+	// cannot skew the exact-total assertion below.
+	tag := fmt.Sprintf("issue204-%d", suffix)
+	seriesID := fmt.Sprintf("manga-series-%d", suffix)
+	chapterID := fmt.Sprintf("manga-chapter-%d", suffix)
+	pendingID := fmt.Sprintf("pending-ebook-%d", suffix)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_, _ = pool.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM media_items WHERE content_id = ANY($1)`,
+			[]string{chapterID, seriesID, pendingID})
+	})
+
+	for _, row := range []struct {
+		id, typ, title, status string
+	}{
+		{seriesID, "manga", tag + " Series", "matched"},
+		{chapterID, "ebook", tag + " Series c001", "pending"},
+		{pendingID, "ebook", tag + " Plain Ebook", "pending"},
+	} {
+		if _, err := pool.Exec(ctx, `
+			INSERT INTO media_items (content_id, type, title, status, genres)
+			VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, '{}'::text[])
+		`, row.id, row.typ, row.title, row.status); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("seed media item %s: %v", row.id, err)
+		}
+	}
+	if _, err := pool.Exec(ctx, `
+		INSERT INTO manga_chapters (chapter_content_id, series_content_id, chapter_index)
+		VALUES ($1, $2, 1)
+	`, chapterID, seriesID); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed manga chapter link: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	h := NewLibraryHandler(nil, nil, nil, pool, nil)
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/libraries/unmatched-items?q="+url.QueryEscape(tag), nil)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.HandleListUnmatchedItems(rec, req)
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 200 (body: %s)", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	var resp struct {
+		Items []struct {
+			ContentID string `json:"content_id"`
+		} `json:"items"`
+		Total int `json:"total"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &resp); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode response: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var sawChapter, sawPending bool
+	for _, item := range resp.Items {
+		switch item.ContentID {
+		case chapterID:
+			sawChapter = true
+		case pendingID:
+			sawPending = true
+		}
+	}
+	if !sawPending {
+		t.Errorf("pending ebook %s missing from unmatched list", pendingID)
+	}
+	if sawChapter {
+		t.Errorf("manga chapter %s should be excluded from unmatched list", chapterID)
+	}
+	if resp.Total != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("total = %d, want 1 (chapter must be excluded from the count too)", resp.Total)
+	}
+}

internal/api/handlers/metadata_ai.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package handlers
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"log/slog"
@@ -13,8 +14,27 @@ import (
 	apimw "github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/api/middleware"
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/catalog"
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/metadata/translation"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/models"
 )
 
+type metadataAIItemAccess interface {
+	GetByID(ctx context.Context, contentID string) (*models.MediaItem, error)
+	EnsureAccessible(ctx context.Context, contentID string, filter catalog.AccessFilter) error
+}
+
+type metadataAISeasonLookup interface {
+	GetByID(ctx context.Context, contentID string) (*models.Season, error)
+}
+
+type metadataAIEpisodeLookup interface {
+	GetByID(ctx context.Context, contentID string) (*models.Episode, error)
+}
+
+type metadataAITarget struct {
+	kind            translation.TargetKind
+	accessContentID string
+}
+
 // MetadataAIHandler exposes AI translation of catalog descriptions into the
 // localization tables. The admin routes are mounted under the per-item
 // metadata curation guard; the on-view route is viewer-facing and enforces
@@ -22,7 +42,11 @@ import (
 type MetadataAIHandler struct {
 	service *translation.Service
 	// ItemAccess authorizes the viewer-facing on-view route; nil disables it.
-	ItemAccess *catalog.ItemRepository
+	ItemAccess metadataAIItemAccess
+	// SeasonLookup and EpisodeLookup let the viewer route resolve non-item
+	// detail pages to the parent series for authorization.
+	SeasonLookup  metadataAISeasonLookup
+	EpisodeLookup metadataAIEpisodeLookup
 }
 
 // NewMetadataAIHandler creates a handler backed by the given service.
@@ -82,7 +106,16 @@ func (h *MetadataAIHandler) HandleTranslateOnView(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http
 		UserID:             scope.UserID,
 		ProfileID:          scope.ProfileID,
 	}
-	if err := h.ItemAccess.EnsureAccessible(r.Context(), contentID, filter); err != nil {
+	target, err := h.resolveTranslationTarget(r.Context(), contentID)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, catalog.ErrItemNotFound) {
+			writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "not_found", "Item not found")
+			return
+		}
+		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "internal_error", "Failed to authorize item")
+		return
+	}
+	if err := h.ItemAccess.EnsureAccessible(r.Context(), target.accessContentID, filter); err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, catalog.ErrItemNotFound) {
 			writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "not_found", "Item not found")
 			return
@@ -96,7 +129,7 @@ func (h *MetadataAIHandler) HandleTranslateOnView(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http
 		requestedBy = &userID
 	}
 
-	job, err := h.service.RequestOnView(r.Context(), contentID, req.TargetLanguage, requestedBy)
+	job, err := h.service.RequestOnView(r.Context(), target.kind, contentID, req.TargetLanguage, requestedBy)
 	if err != nil {
 		switch {
 		case errors.Is(err, translation.ErrNotConfigured):
@@ -115,6 +148,51 @@ func (h *MetadataAIHandler) HandleTranslateOnView(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http
 	writeJSON(w, http.StatusAccepted, map[string]any{"job": job})
 }
 
+func (h *MetadataAIHandler) resolveTranslationTarget(ctx context.Context, contentID string) (metadataAITarget, error) {
+	if h.ItemAccess == nil {
+		return metadataAITarget{}, catalog.ErrItemNotFound
+	}
+
+	item, err := h.ItemAccess.GetByID(ctx, contentID)
+	switch {
+	case err == nil:
+		if item == nil {
+			return metadataAITarget{}, catalog.ErrItemNotFound
+		}
+		return metadataAITarget{kind: translation.TargetItem, accessContentID: contentID}, nil
+	case !errors.Is(err, catalog.ErrItemNotFound):
+		return metadataAITarget{}, err
+	}
+
+	if h.SeasonLookup != nil {
+		season, err := h.SeasonLookup.GetByID(ctx, contentID)
+		switch {
+		case err == nil:
+			if season == nil {
+				return metadataAITarget{}, catalog.ErrItemNotFound
+			}
+			return metadataAITarget{kind: translation.TargetSeason, accessContentID: season.SeriesID}, nil
+		case !errors.Is(err, catalog.ErrSeasonNotFound):
+			return metadataAITarget{}, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if h.EpisodeLookup != nil {
+		episode, err := h.EpisodeLookup.GetByID(ctx, contentID)
+		switch {
+		case err == nil:
+			if episode == nil {
+				return metadataAITarget{}, catalog.ErrItemNotFound
+			}
+			return metadataAITarget{kind: translation.TargetEpisode, accessContentID: episode.SeriesID}, nil
+		case !errors.Is(err, catalog.ErrEpisodeNotFound):
+			return metadataAITarget{}, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return metadataAITarget{}, catalog.ErrItemNotFound
+}
+
 type translateMetadataRequest struct {
 	TargetLanguage  string `json:"target_language"`
 	IncludeChildren *bool  `json:"include_children"` // default true
@@ -134,9 +212,18 @@ func (h *MetadataAIHandler) HandleTranslate(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Reque
 		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad_request", "target_language is required")
 		return
 	}
-	includeChildren := true
+	target, err := h.resolveTranslationTarget(r.Context(), contentID)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, catalog.ErrItemNotFound) {
+			writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "not_found", "Item not found")
+			return
+		}
+		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "internal_error", "Failed to resolve item")
+		return
+	}
+	includeChildren := target.kind == translation.TargetItem
 	if req.IncludeChildren != nil {
-		includeChildren = *req.IncludeChildren
+		includeChildren = *req.IncludeChildren && target.kind == translation.TargetItem
 	}
 
 	var requestedBy *int
@@ -145,7 +232,7 @@ func (h *MetadataAIHandler) HandleTranslate(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Reque
 	}
 
 	job, err := h.service.Enqueue(r.Context(), translation.JobRequest{
-		TargetKind:      translation.TargetItem,
+		TargetKind:      target.kind,
 		ContentID:       contentID,
 		TargetLanguage:  req.TargetLanguage,
 		IncludeChildren: includeChildren,

internal/api/handlers/metadata_ai_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/catalog"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/metadata/translation"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/models"
+)
+
+type fakeMetadataAIItemAccess struct {
+	items     map[string]*models.MediaItem
+	ensureErr map[string]error
+	checked   []string
+}
+
+func (f *fakeMetadataAIItemAccess) GetByID(_ context.Context, contentID string) (*models.MediaItem, error) {
+	if item := f.items[contentID]; item != nil {
+		return item, nil
+	}
+	return nil, catalog.ErrItemNotFound
+}
+
+func (f *fakeMetadataAIItemAccess) EnsureAccessible(_ context.Context, contentID string, _ catalog.AccessFilter) error {
+	f.checked = append(f.checked, contentID)
+	return f.ensureErr[contentID]
+}
+
+type fakeMetadataAISeasonLookup map[string]*models.Season
+
+func (f fakeMetadataAISeasonLookup) GetByID(_ context.Context, contentID string) (*models.Season, error) {
+	if season := f[contentID]; season != nil {
+		return season, nil
+	}
+	return nil, catalog.ErrSeasonNotFound
+}
+
+type fakeMetadataAIEpisodeLookup map[string]*models.Episode
+
+func (f fakeMetadataAIEpisodeLookup) GetByID(_ context.Context, contentID string) (*models.Episode, error) {
+	if episode := f[contentID]; episode != nil {
+		return episode, nil
+	}
+	return nil, catalog.ErrEpisodeNotFound
+}
+
+func TestMetadataAIResolveOnViewTarget(t *testing.T) {
+	itemAccess := &fakeMetadataAIItemAccess{
+		items: map[string]*models.MediaItem{
+			"movie-1": {ContentID: "movie-1", Type: "movie"},
+		},
+		ensureErr: map[string]error{},
+	}
+	handler := &MetadataAIHandler{
+		ItemAccess: itemAccess,
+		SeasonLookup: fakeMetadataAISeasonLookup{
+			"season-1": {ContentID: "season-1", SeriesID: "series-1"},
+		},
+		EpisodeLookup: fakeMetadataAIEpisodeLookup{
+			"episode-1": {ContentID: "episode-1", SeriesID: "series-1"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		contentID  string
+		wantKind   translation.TargetKind
+		wantAccess string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:       "item",
+			contentID:  "movie-1",
+			wantKind:   translation.TargetItem,
+			wantAccess: "movie-1",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "season",
+			contentID:  "season-1",
+			wantKind:   translation.TargetSeason,
+			wantAccess: "series-1",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "episode",
+			contentID:  "episode-1",
+			wantKind:   translation.TargetEpisode,
+			wantAccess: "series-1",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			itemAccess.checked = nil
+			got, err := handler.resolveTranslationTarget(context.Background(), tc.contentID)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("resolveTranslationTarget: %v", err)
+			}
+			if got.kind != tc.wantKind {
+				t.Fatalf("kind = %s, want %s", got.kind, tc.wantKind)
+			}
+			if got.accessContentID != tc.wantAccess {
+				t.Fatalf("accessContentID = %q, want %q", got.accessContentID, tc.wantAccess)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMetadataAIResolveTranslationTargetReportsMissingContent(t *testing.T) {
+	itemAccess := &fakeMetadataAIItemAccess{
+		items:     map[string]*models.MediaItem{},
+		ensureErr: map[string]error{},
+	}
+	handler := &MetadataAIHandler{
+		ItemAccess:    itemAccess,
+		SeasonLookup:  fakeMetadataAISeasonLookup{},
+		EpisodeLookup: fakeMetadataAIEpisodeLookup{},
+	}
+
+	_, err := handler.resolveTranslationTarget(context.Background(), "missing")
+	if !errors.Is(err, catalog.ErrItemNotFound) {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v, want %v", err, catalog.ErrItemNotFound)
+	}
+}

internal/api/handlers/notifications.go

@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ type notificationSyncResponse struct {
 	UnreadCount   int                                `json:"unread_count"`
 }
 
+type notificationApplePushDisplayResponse = notifications.NotificationDisplay
+
 type unreadCountResponse struct {
 	Count int `json:"count"`
 }
@@ -150,6 +152,29 @@ func (h *NotificationsHandler) HandleGet(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)
 	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, h.system.PayloadForRow(r.Context(), *row))
 }
 
+// HandleApplePushDisplay handles GET /notifications/push/apple/display/{delivery_id}.
+// It returns only compact display metadata for notification-service-extension
+// enrichment, scoped to the active profile.
+func (h *NotificationsHandler) HandleApplePushDisplay(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-store")
+	profileID := apimw.GetProfileID(r.Context())
+	id := chi.URLParam(r, "delivery_id")
+	if id == "" {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "not_found", "Notification not found")
+		return
+	}
+	row, err := h.system.Deliveries.GetByID(r.Context(), profileID, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "internal_error", "Failed to load notification")
+		return
+	}
+	if row == nil {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusNotFound, "not_found", "Notification not found")
+		return
+	}
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, notificationApplePushDisplayResponse(notifications.BuildNotificationDisplay(*row)))
+}
+
 // HandleUnreadCount handles GET /notifications/unread-count.
 func (h *NotificationsHandler) HandleUnreadCount(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	profileID := apimw.GetProfileID(r.Context())
@@ -318,9 +343,7 @@ type capabilityWebhooks struct {
 }
 
 // HandleCapability handles GET /notifications/capability. Clients render
-// setup UI from this response instead of introspecting admin settings. Push
-// channels report unavailable until they ship
-// (docs/superpowers/plans/notifications/02-03).
+// setup UI from this response instead of introspecting admin settings.
 func (h *NotificationsHandler) HandleCapability(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	webhooks := capabilityWebhooks{Available: false, MaxPerProfile: 0, SupportedTypes: []string{}}
 	if h.system.Webhooks != nil && h.system.Settings.WebhooksEnabled(r.Context()) {
@@ -364,9 +387,21 @@ func (h *NotificationsHandler) HandleCapability(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.R
 			DigestHour: h.system.Settings.DiscordDigestHour(r.Context()),
 		}
 	}
+	applePush := capabilityPush{Available: false, Provider: "off", SupportedModes: []string{"in_app_only"}}
+	// Like web push above, availability requires both the wiring (cipher/store)
+	// and the admin delivery toggle: Available must mean "setup will actually
+	// deliver", not "the server could store a token".
+	if h.system.PushDevices != nil && h.system.PushDevices.Available() &&
+		h.system.Settings.ApplePushDeliveryEnabled(r.Context()) {
+		applePush = capabilityPush{
+			Available:      true,
+			Provider:       notifications.PushProviderSiloRelay,
+			SupportedModes: []string{notifications.PushModePrivatePush, notifications.PushModeInAppOnly},
+		}
+	}
 	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, capabilityResponse{
 		InApp:       capabilityInApp{Enabled: h.system.Settings.UIEnabled(r.Context())},
-		ApplePush:   capabilityPush{Available: false, Provider: "off", SupportedModes: []string{"in_app_only"}},
+		ApplePush:   applePush,
 		AndroidPush: capabilityPush{Available: false, Provider: "off", SupportedModes: []string{"in_app_only"}},
 		WebPush:     webPush,
 		Webhooks:    webhooks,

internal/api/handlers/notifications_apple_display_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	apimw "github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/api/middleware"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/notifications"
+	"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool"
+)
+
+func TestHandleApplePushDisplayDB(t *testing.T) {
+	dsn := os.Getenv("SILO_TEST_DATABASE_URL")
+	if dsn == "" {
+		t.Skip("set SILO_TEST_DATABASE_URL to run DB-backed notification display handler test")
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	config, err := pgxpool.ParseConfig(dsn)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parse db config: %v", err)
+	}
+	config.MaxConns = 1
+	pool, err := pgxpool.NewWithConfig(ctx, config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("connect db: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(pool.Close)
+
+	if _, err := pool.Exec(ctx, `
+		CREATE TEMP TABLE notification_deliveries (
+			id text PRIMARY KEY,
+			release_event_id text,
+			user_id integer NOT NULL,
+			profile_id text NOT NULL,
+			library_id integer,
+			series_id text,
+			episode_id text,
+			type text NOT NULL,
+			reason_flags jsonb NOT NULL,
+			status text NOT NULL DEFAULT 'delivered',
+			read_at timestamptz,
+			delivered_at timestamptz,
+			created_at timestamptz NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
+		);
+		CREATE TEMP TABLE episodes (
+			content_id text PRIMARY KEY,
+			title text,
+			season_number integer,
+			episode_number integer,
+			overview text
+		);
+		CREATE TEMP TABLE media_items (
+			content_id text PRIMARY KEY,
+			title text,
+			poster_path text,
+			poster_thumbhash text,
+			poster_source_path text,
+			type text,
+			year integer,
+			overview text,
+			genres text[],
+			content_rating text,
+			rating_imdb double precision,
+			rating_tmdb double precision,
+			imdb_id text,
+			tmdb_id text,
+			tvdb_id text
+		);
+		INSERT INTO media_items (content_id, title, type, genres)
+			VALUES ('series-1', 'Severance', 'series', ARRAY[]::text[]);
+		INSERT INTO episodes (content_id, title, season_number, episode_number)
+			VALUES ('episode-1', 'Hello, Ms. Cobel', 2, 1);
+		INSERT INTO notification_deliveries (
+			id, release_event_id, user_id, profile_id, library_id, series_id, episode_id,
+			type, reason_flags, status
+		) VALUES (
+			'delivery-1', 'event-1', 42, 'profile-1', 7, 'series-1', 'episode-1',
+			'episode.available', '{"favorite":true}', 'delivered'
+		);
+	`); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed temp tables: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	handler := NewNotificationsHandler(&notifications.System{
+		Deliveries: notifications.NewDeliveryRepository(pool),
+	}, nil)
+	router := chi.NewRouter()
+	router.Get("/notifications/push/apple/display/{delivery_id}", handler.HandleApplePushDisplay)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/notifications/push/apple/display/delivery-1", nil)
+	req = req.WithContext(apimw.SetProfileID(req.Context(), "profile-1"))
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	router.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+
+	if rr.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, body = %s", rr.Code, rr.Body.String())
+	}
+	if got := rr.Header().Get("Cache-Control"); got != "no-store" {
+		t.Fatalf("Cache-Control = %q", got)
+	}
+	var response notifications.NotificationDisplay
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(rr.Body).Decode(&response); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode response: %v", err)
+	}
+	if response.DeliveryID != "delivery-1" ||
+		response.Title != "The latest episode of Severance S02E01 just dropped!" ||
+		response.Body != "Hello, Ms. Cobel" ||
+		response.ThreadID != "series:series-1" ||
+		response.Category != "episode_available" ||
+		response.URL != "/item/episode-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("response = %+v", response)
+	}
+
+	req = httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/notifications/push/apple/display/delivery-1", nil)
+	req = req.WithContext(apimw.SetProfileID(req.Context(), "other-profile"))
+	rr = httptest.NewRecorder()
+	router.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+	if rr.Code != http.StatusNotFound {
+		t.Fatalf("cross-profile status = %d, body = %s", rr.Code, rr.Body.String())
+	}
+	if got := rr.Header().Get("Cache-Control"); got != "no-store" {
+		t.Fatalf("cross-profile Cache-Control = %q", got)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(rr.Body.String(), "Severance") {
+		t.Fatalf("cross-profile response leaked display metadata: %s", rr.Body.String())
+	}
+}

internal/api/handlers/notifications_push_devices.go

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"net/http"
+
+	apimw "github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/api/middleware"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/notifications"
+)
+
+type applePushRegisterRequest struct {
+	DeviceID        string `json:"device_id"`
+	APNsToken       string `json:"apns_token"`
+	APNsEnvironment string `json:"apns_environment"`
+	APNsTopic       string `json:"apns_topic"`
+	PushMode        string `json:"push_mode"`
+}
+
+type applePushRegisterResponse struct {
+	ID             string `json:"id"`
+	ServerDeviceID string `json:"server_device_id"`
+	Enabled        bool   `json:"enabled"`
+	PushMode       string `json:"push_mode"`
+}
+
+func (h *NotificationsHandler) pushDevices() *notifications.PushDeviceService {
+	if h == nil || h.system == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return h.system.PushDevices
+}
+
+// HandleRegisterApplePushDevice handles POST /devices/push/apple.
+func (h *NotificationsHandler) HandleRegisterApplePushDevice(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	service := h.pushDevices()
+	if service == nil || !service.Available() {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "unavailable", "Apple push registration is not available")
+		return
+	}
+
+	var req applePushRegisterRequest
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad_request", "Invalid request body")
+		return
+	}
+
+	device, err := service.RegisterApple(r.Context(), apimw.GetUserID(r.Context()), apimw.GetProfileID(r.Context()), notifications.ApplePushRegistrationInput{
+		DeviceID:        req.DeviceID,
+		APNsToken:       req.APNsToken,
+		APNsEnvironment: req.APNsEnvironment,
+		APNsTopic:       req.APNsTopic,
+		PushMode:        req.PushMode,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		switch {
+		case errors.Is(err, notifications.ErrPushDeviceInvalid):
+			writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad_request", err.Error())
+		case errors.Is(err, notifications.ErrPushDeviceUnsupported):
+			writeError(w, http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, "unsupported_push_device", err.Error())
+		case errors.Is(err, notifications.ErrPushDeviceUnavailable):
+			writeError(w, http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "unavailable", "Apple push registration is not available")
+		default:
+			writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "internal_error", "Failed to register Apple push device")
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, applePushRegisterResponse{
+		ID:             device.ID,
+		ServerDeviceID: device.ServerDeviceID,
+		Enabled:        device.Enabled,
+		PushMode:       device.PushMode,
+	})
+}

internal/api/handlers/notifications_push_devices_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	apimw "github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/api/middleware"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/auth"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/notifications"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/secret"
+)
+
+type handlerPushStore struct {
+	got    notifications.ApplePushDeviceRegistration
+	calls  int
+	device *notifications.PushDevice
+	err    error
+}
+
+func (f *handlerPushStore) UpsertApple(ctx context.Context, registration notifications.ApplePushDeviceRegistration, cipher *secret.Cipher) (*notifications.PushDevice, error) {
+	f.calls++
+	f.got = registration
+	if f.err != nil {
+		return nil, f.err
+	}
+	if f.device != nil {
+		return f.device, nil
+	}
+	return &notifications.PushDevice{
+		ID:             "push-row",
+		ServerDeviceID: "server-device",
+		Enabled:        true,
+		PushMode:       registration.PushMode,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func handlerPushCipher(t *testing.T) *secret.Cipher {
+	t.Helper()
+	cipher, err := secret.New([]byte("01234567890123456789012345678901"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("new cipher: %v", err)
+	}
+	return cipher
+}
+
+func newApplePushRequest(body string) *http.Request {
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/v1/devices/push/apple", strings.NewReader(body))
+	ctx := apimw.SetClaims(req.Context(), &auth.Claims{UserID: 42, Role: "user", TokenType: auth.TokenTypeAccess})
+	ctx = apimw.SetProfileID(ctx, "profile-1")
+	return req.WithContext(ctx)
+}
+
+func TestHandleRegisterApplePushDevice(t *testing.T) {
+	store := &handlerPushStore{}
+	handler := NewNotificationsHandler(&notifications.System{
+		PushDevices: notifications.NewPushDeviceService(store, handlerPushCipher(t)),
+	}, nil)
+
+	body := `{
+		"device_id":"local-device",
+		"apns_token":"` + strings.Repeat("a", 64) + `",
+		"apns_environment":"production",
+		"apns_topic":"org.siloserver.silo",
+		"push_mode":"private_push"
+	}`
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.HandleRegisterApplePushDevice(rr, newApplePushRequest(body))
+
+	if rr.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, body = %s", rr.Code, rr.Body.String())
+	}
+	var response applePushRegisterResponse
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(rr.Body).Decode(&response); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode response: %v", err)
+	}
+	if response.ID != "push-row" || response.ServerDeviceID != "server-device" || !response.Enabled || response.PushMode != notifications.PushModePrivatePush {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected response: %+v", response)
+	}
+	if store.calls != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("store calls = %d, want 1", store.calls)
+	}
+	if store.got.UserID != 42 || store.got.ProfileID != "profile-1" || store.got.DeviceID != "local-device" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected stored registration: %+v", store.got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleRegisterApplePushDeviceErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		system     *notifications.System
+		body       string
+		wantStatus int
+	}{
+		{
+			name:       "service unavailable",
+			system:     &notifications.System{},
+			body:       `{}`,
+			wantStatus: http.StatusServiceUnavailable,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "invalid json",
+			system: &notifications.System{
+				PushDevices: notifications.NewPushDeviceService(&handlerPushStore{}, handlerPushCipher(t)),
+			},
+			body:       `{`,
+			wantStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "invalid field",
+			system: &notifications.System{
+				PushDevices: notifications.NewPushDeviceService(&handlerPushStore{}, handlerPushCipher(t)),
+			},
+			body: `{
+				"device_id":"local-device",
+				"apns_token":"abcd",
+				"apns_environment":"production",
+				"apns_topic":"org.siloserver.silo",
+				"push_mode":"private_push"
+			}`,
+			wantStatus: http.StatusBadRequest,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "unsupported topic",
+			system: &notifications.System{
+				PushDevices: notifications.NewPushDeviceService(&handlerPushStore{}, handlerPushCipher(t)),
+			},
+			body: `{
+				"device_id":"local-device",
+				"apns_token":"` + strings.Repeat("a", 64) + `",
+				"apns_environment":"production",
+				"apns_topic":"com.example.app",
+				"push_mode":"private_push"
+			}`,
+			wantStatus: http.StatusUnprocessableEntity,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			handler := NewNotificationsHandler(tt.system, nil)
+			rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			handler.HandleRegisterApplePushDevice(rr, newApplePushRequest(tt.body))
+			if rr.Code != tt.wantStatus {
+				t.Fatalf("status = %d, want %d, body = %s", rr.Code, tt.wantStatus, rr.Body.String())
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/api/handlers/playback_realtime.go

@@ -13,7 +13,11 @@ type playbackCommandRecord struct {
 	Name      playback.CommandName
 }
 
-func (h *PlaybackHandler) stopPlaybackSession(ctx context.Context, session *playback.Session) error {
+// stopPlaybackSession stops a session. userInitiated must be true only for a
+// genuine user/admin stop (the recipe card is then deleted); false for system
+// teardown such as an ffmpeg-exit cleanup, where the card is kept so the client
+// can reconstruct.
+func (h *PlaybackHandler) stopPlaybackSession(ctx context.Context, session *playback.Session, userInitiated bool) error {
 	if h == nil || session == nil || session.ID == "" {
 		return playback.ErrSessionNotFound
 	}
@@ -21,11 +25,11 @@ func (h *PlaybackHandler) stopPlaybackSession(ctx context.Context, session *play
 	if err := h.sessionMgr.StopSession(session.ID); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	h.finalizeSessionStop(ctx, session, true, "stop")
+	h.finalizeSessionStop(ctx, session, true, "stop", userInitiated)
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (h *PlaybackHandler) stopPlaybackSessionByID(ctx context.Context, sessionID string) error {
+func (h *PlaybackHandler) stopPlaybackSessionByID(ctx context.Context, sessionID string, userInitiated bool) error {
 	if h == nil || sessionID == "" {
 		return playback.ErrSessionNotFound
 	}
@@ -33,7 +37,7 @@ func (h *PlaybackHandler) stopPlaybackSessionByID(ctx context.Context, sessionID
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return h.stopPlaybackSession(ctx, session)
+	return h.stopPlaybackSession(ctx, session, userInitiated)
 }
 
 func (h *PlaybackHandler) abortPlaybackSession(ctx context.Context, session *playback.Session) error {

internal/api/handlers/playback_test.go

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/models"
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/nodepool"
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/playback"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/streamtoken"
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/transcodenode"
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/userdb"
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/userstore"
@@ -1162,6 +1163,244 @@ func TestHandleStartTranscode_PreservesRecomputedBaseMethodAfterFallback(t *test
 	}
 }
 
+// newRemoteAudioSwitchSession builds a session that is already an offloaded
+// (remote) transcode with a populated target recipe, mirroring the post-start
+// state HandleChangeAudioTrack sees for an offloaded transcode.
+func newRemoteAudioSwitchSession(t *testing.T, sessionMgr *playback.SessionManager, file *models.MediaFile, nodeURL string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	session, err := sessionMgr.StartSession(1, "profile-1", file.ID, playback.PlayTranscode, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("StartSession: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := sessionMgr.UpdateStreamState(session.ID, playback.SessionStreamState{
+		PlayMethod:        playback.PlayTranscode,
+		BasePlayMethod:    playback.PlayTranscode,
+		AudioTrackIndex:   0,
+		TranscodeAudio:    true,
+		TargetResolution:  "720p",
+		TargetVideoCodec:  "h264",
+		TargetAudioCodec:  "aac",
+		TargetBitrateKbps: 2000,
+		TranscodeHWAccel:  "none",
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("UpdateStreamState: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := sessionMgr.SetTranscodeNodeURL(session.ID, nodeURL); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SetTranscodeNodeURL: %v", err)
+	}
+	return session.ID
+}
+
+// TestHandleChangeAudioTrack_RemoteTranscodeRestartsNodeAndMintsFullRecipe
+// verifies BUG A + BUG B: an audio switch on an offloaded transcode POSTs a
+// fresh /transcode/start to the node carrying the NEW AudioTrackIndex (so the
+// node's ffmpeg actually switches tracks), and the returned proxy URL carries a
+// recipe-COMPLETE stream token (not identity-only) so a later node restart can
+// reconstruct with the switched audio.
+func TestHandleChangeAudioTrack_RemoteTranscodeRestartsNodeAndMintsFullRecipe(t *testing.T) {
+	sessionMgr := playback.NewSessionManager(0, 0)
+	file := &models.MediaFile{
+		ID:         42,
+		ContentID:  "movie-1",
+		FilePath:   writePlaybackTestMediaFile(t, "movie.mkv"),
+		Resolution: "1080p",
+		CodecVideo: "h264",
+		CodecAudio: "aac",
+		Container:  "mkv",
+		Bitrate:    8000,
+		Duration:   3600,
+		AudioTracks: []models.AudioTrack{
+			{Codec: "aac", Default: true},
+			{Codec: "ac3"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	var remoteStartRequests int
+	var remoteStartReq transcodenode.TranscodeStartRequest
+	remote := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.Method != http.MethodPost || r.URL.Path != "/transcode/start" {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected remote request %s %s", r.Method, r.URL.Path)
+			http.Error(w, "unexpected", http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+		remoteStartRequests++
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&remoteStartReq); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("decode remote start request: %v", err)
+		}
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusAccepted)
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(transcodenode.TranscodeStartResponse{
+			SessionID: remoteStartReq.SessionID,
+			Status:    "accepted",
+			HWAccel:   "none",
+		})
+	}))
+	defer remote.Close()
+
+	handler := NewPlaybackHandler(sessionMgr, testPlaybackFileResolver{file: file})
+	handler.ItemAccess = allowAllPlaybackItemAccess{}
+	handler.JWTSecret = "test-secret"
+
+	group := "rack-a"
+	proxies := nodepool.NewProxyPool()
+	proxies.SetNodes([]*nodepool.Node{{
+		ID: 1, Name: "proxy-1", Type: nodepool.NodeTypeProxy, URL: "http://proxy-1",
+		Enabled: true, Healthy: true, Group: &group,
+	}})
+	transcodes := nodepool.NewTranscodePool()
+	transcodes.SetNodes([]*nodepool.Node{{
+		ID: 2, Name: "transcode-1", Type: nodepool.NodeTypeTranscode, URL: remote.URL,
+		Enabled: true, Healthy: true, Group: &group,
+	}})
+	handler.NodePlanner = nodepool.NewPlanner(proxies, transcodes)
+
+	sessionID := newRemoteAudioSwitchSession(t, sessionMgr, file, remote.URL)
+
+	changeReq := httptest.NewRequest(
+		http.MethodPatch,
+		"/api/v1/playback/"+sessionID+"/audio",
+		strings.NewReader(`{"audio_track_index":1,"position":120}`),
+	)
+	changeReq = changeReq.WithContext(newAuthorizedPlaybackContext())
+	changeReq = withPlaybackRouteParam(changeReq, "session_id", sessionID)
+
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.HandleChangeAudioTrack(rr, changeReq)
+	if rr.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("change status = %d, body = %s", rr.Code, rr.Body.String())
+	}
+
+	// BUG A: the node must have been told to restart on the new track.
+	if remoteStartRequests != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("remote /transcode/start calls = %d, want 1", remoteStartRequests)
+	}
+	if remoteStartReq.AudioTrackIndex != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("remote AudioTrackIndex = %d, want 1", remoteStartReq.AudioTrackIndex)
+	}
+	if remoteStartReq.SessionID != sessionID {
+		t.Fatalf("remote SessionID = %q, want %q", remoteStartReq.SessionID, sessionID)
+	}
+	// Seek 120s with the node-default 2s segments => start segment 60.
+	if remoteStartReq.StartSegmentNumber != 60 {
+		t.Fatalf("remote StartSegmentNumber = %d, want 60", remoteStartReq.StartSegmentNumber)
+	}
+	if remoteStartReq.TargetResolution != "720p" || remoteStartReq.TargetCodecVideo != "h264" {
+		t.Fatalf("remote target recipe = %q/%q, want 720p/h264", remoteStartReq.TargetResolution, remoteStartReq.TargetCodecVideo)
+	}
+
+	var resp changeAudioResponse
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(rr.Body).Decode(&resp); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode change response: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// BUG B: the returned proxy URL token must be recipe-COMPLETE.
+	prefix := "http://proxy-1/stream/transcode/"
+	suffix := "/master.m3u8"
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(resp.StreamURL, prefix) || !strings.HasSuffix(resp.StreamURL, suffix) {
+		t.Fatalf("stream URL = %q, want proxy transcode manifest URL", resp.StreamURL)
+	}
+	token := strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(resp.StreamURL, prefix), suffix)
+	claims, err := streamtoken.Verify(token, handler.JWTSecret)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("verify stream token: %v", err)
+	}
+	if claims.AudioTrackIndex != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("token AudioTrackIndex = %d, want 1", claims.AudioTrackIndex)
+	}
+	// Identity-only claims would leave these zero; a full recipe carries them.
+	if claims.TargetCodec != "h264" {
+		t.Fatalf("token TargetCodec (video) = %q, want h264 (recipe-complete)", claims.TargetCodec)
+	}
+	if claims.TargetCodecAudio != "aac" {
+		t.Fatalf("token TargetCodecAudio = %q, want aac (recipe-complete)", claims.TargetCodecAudio)
+	}
+	if claims.TargetRes != "720p" {
+		t.Fatalf("token TargetRes = %q, want 720p (recipe-complete)", claims.TargetRes)
+	}
+	if claims.TargetBitrateKbps != 2000 {
+		t.Fatalf("token TargetBitrateKbps = %d, want 2000 (recipe-complete)", claims.TargetBitrateKbps)
+	}
+	if claims.SeekSeconds != 120 {
+		t.Fatalf("token SeekSeconds = %v, want 120", claims.SeekSeconds)
+	}
+	if claims.StartSegmentNumber != 60 {
+		t.Fatalf("token StartSegmentNumber = %d, want 60", claims.StartSegmentNumber)
+	}
+	// SegmentDuration must be > 0: the node treats a zero/omitted value as an
+	// incomplete token and falls back to a recipe store the native path never
+	// populates, which would 404 on a node restart. This guards that regression.
+	if claims.SegmentDuration != playback.DefaultSegmentDuration {
+		t.Fatalf("token SegmentDuration = %d, want %d (recipe-complete)", claims.SegmentDuration, playback.DefaultSegmentDuration)
+	}
+	if claims.MediaPath != file.FilePath {
+		t.Fatalf("token MediaPath = %q, want %q", claims.MediaPath, file.FilePath)
+	}
+	if claims.TranscodeNode != remote.URL {
+		t.Fatalf("token TranscodeNode = %q, want %q", claims.TranscodeNode, remote.URL)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestHandleChangeAudioTrack_RemoteTranscodeNodeUnreachableSurfacesError
+// verifies the chosen error posture: when the transcode node cannot be reached
+// for the restart, the handler surfaces a 502 rather than returning a 200 that
+// clients (silo-android / silo-apple) would trust as "audio switched".
+func TestHandleChangeAudioTrack_RemoteTranscodeNodeUnreachableSurfacesError(t *testing.T) {
+	sessionMgr := playback.NewSessionManager(0, 0)
+	file := &models.MediaFile{
+		ID:         42,
+		ContentID:  "movie-1",
+		FilePath:   writePlaybackTestMediaFile(t, "movie.mkv"),
+		Resolution: "1080p",
+		CodecVideo: "h264",
+		CodecAudio: "aac",
+		Container:  "mkv",
+		Bitrate:    8000,
+		Duration:   3600,
+		AudioTracks: []models.AudioTrack{
+			{Codec: "aac", Default: true},
+			{Codec: "ac3"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// A node URL that nothing is listening on => connection refused.
+	deadNodeURL := "http://127.0.0.1:1"
+
+	handler := NewPlaybackHandler(sessionMgr, testPlaybackFileResolver{file: file})
+	handler.ItemAccess = allowAllPlaybackItemAccess{}
+	handler.JWTSecret = "test-secret"
+
+	group := "rack-a"
+	proxies := nodepool.NewProxyPool()
+	proxies.SetNodes([]*nodepool.Node{{
+		ID: 1, Name: "proxy-1", Type: nodepool.NodeTypeProxy, URL: "http://proxy-1",
+		Enabled: true, Healthy: true, Group: &group,
+	}})
+	transcodes := nodepool.NewTranscodePool()
+	transcodes.SetNodes([]*nodepool.Node{{
+		ID: 2, Name: "transcode-1", Type: nodepool.NodeTypeTranscode, URL: deadNodeURL,
+		Enabled: true, Healthy: true, Group: &group,
+	}})
+	handler.NodePlanner = nodepool.NewPlanner(proxies, transcodes)
+
+	sessionID := newRemoteAudioSwitchSession(t, sessionMgr, file, deadNodeURL)
+
+	changeReq := httptest.NewRequest(
+		http.MethodPatch,
+		"/api/v1/playback/"+sessionID+"/audio",
+		strings.NewReader(`{"audio_track_index":1,"position":0}`),
+	)
+	changeReq = changeReq.WithContext(newAuthorizedPlaybackContext())
+	changeReq = withPlaybackRouteParam(changeReq, "session_id", sessionID)
+
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.HandleChangeAudioTrack(rr, changeReq)
+
+	// Chosen posture: surface the failure (mirror HandleStartTranscode) so a 200
+	// never lies to the client about an audio switch that didn't happen.
+	if rr.Code != http.StatusBadGateway {
+		t.Fatalf("change status = %d, want %d, body = %s", rr.Code, http.StatusBadGateway, rr.Body.String())
+	}
+}
+
 func TestHandleStartTranscode_LocalPathPropagatesSelectedAudioTrack(t *testing.T) {
 	sessionMgr := playback.NewSessionManager(0, 0)
 	filePath := writePlaybackTestMediaFile(t, "movie.mkv")
@@ -1213,7 +1452,7 @@ func TestHandleStartTranscode_LocalPathPropagatesSelectedAudioTrack(t *testing.T
 		t.Fatalf("transcode status = %d, body = %s", transcodeRR.Code, transcodeRR.Body.String())
 	}
 
-	transcodeSession := handler.getTranscodeSession(startResp.SessionID)
+	transcodeSession := handler.tm.GetTranscodeSession(startResp.SessionID)
 	if transcodeSession == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected local transcode session")
 	}
@@ -1264,7 +1503,7 @@ func TestHandleStartTranscode_MPEG2SeekedCopyRemainsCopyVideo(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("transcode status = %d, body = %s", transcodeRR.Code, transcodeRR.Body.String())
 	}
 
-	transcodeSession := handler.getTranscodeSession(session.ID)
+	transcodeSession := handler.tm.GetTranscodeSession(session.ID)
 	if transcodeSession == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected local transcode session")
 	}

internal/api/handlers/profiles.go

@@ -28,6 +28,12 @@ type ProfileHandler struct {
 	ProfileTokens *access.ProfileTokenService
 	AvatarStore   profileAvatarStore
 	AvatarTTL     time.Duration
+	// DeviceLibraryPurger removes a deleted profile's device rows (and, via
+	// cascade, its managed downloads and subscriptions). Profiles may live
+	// outside Postgres, so no FK cascade covers these shared tables.
+	DeviceLibraryPurger interface {
+		PurgeProfileDevices(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID string) error
+	}
 }
 
 // NewProfileHandler creates a new ProfileHandler.
@@ -589,6 +595,13 @@ func (h *ProfileHandler) HandleDeleteProfile(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Requ
 			slog.Warn("profile avatar cleanup failed after delete", "user_id", userID, "profile_id", profileID, "error", cleanupErr)
 		}
 	}
+	if h.DeviceLibraryPurger != nil {
+		purgeCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.WithoutCancel(r.Context()), 30*time.Second)
+		defer cancel()
+		if purgeErr := h.DeviceLibraryPurger.PurgeProfileDevices(purgeCtx, userID, profileID); purgeErr != nil {
+			slog.Warn("profile device-library purge failed after delete", "user_id", userID, "profile_id", profileID, "error", purgeErr)
+		}
+	}
 
 	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
 }

internal/api/handlers/progress.go

@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@ package handlers
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"log/slog"
 	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/access"
 	apimw "github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/api/middleware"
@@ -12,6 +14,34 @@ import (
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/userstore"
 )
 
+// progressClockSkew bounds how far ahead of server time a client-supplied
+// progress event time may sit before it is clamped to "now".
+const progressClockSkew = 2 * time.Minute
+
+// parseClientEventTime parses an RFC3339 client event time. Malformed values
+// are an error the caller must reject: treating them as "now" would let a
+// stale offline event win LWW as a fresh server-time write.
+func parseClientEventTime(s string) (time.Time, error) {
+	t, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return time.Time{}, err
+	}
+	return t.UTC(), nil
+}
+
+// clampEventAt bounds a client event time to at most now+skew: a value past the
+// window is clamped to now, so a skewed or malicious clock can at most claim
+// "now" for its own profile and never lock in a far-future LWW win (invariant 1).
+func clampEventAt(client, now time.Time) time.Time {
+	if client.IsZero() {
+		return now
+	}
+	if client.After(now.Add(progressClockSkew)) {
+		return now
+	}
+	return client
+}
+
 // ProgressLibraryLookup resolves which progress items belong to a library.
 type ProgressLibraryLookup interface {
 	GetItemsInFolder(ctx context.Context, contentIDs []string, folderID int) (map[string]bool, error)
@@ -57,6 +87,8 @@ type progressEntryResponse struct {
 
 type progressListResponse struct {
 	Progress []progressEntryResponse `json:"progress"`
+	// NextCursor is the opaque server token to resume a ?since= delta from.
+	NextCursor string `json:"next_cursor,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type syncProgressItem struct {
@@ -64,6 +96,9 @@ type syncProgressItem struct {
 	Position       float64 `json:"position"`
 	Duration       float64 `json:"duration"`
 	ForceOverwrite bool    `json:"force_overwrite"`
+	// UpdatedAt is the client EVENT time (RFC3339) for an offline-queued item.
+	// The server clamps it to now+skew and uses it only as the LWW key.
+	UpdatedAt *string `json:"updated_at,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type syncProgressRequest struct {
@@ -94,6 +129,7 @@ func (h *ProgressHandler) HandleListProgress(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Requ
 	}
 
 	status := r.URL.Query().Get("status")
+	since := r.URL.Query().Get("since")
 	limit, offset := parsePagination(r)
 	libraryID, err := parseLibraryIDParam(r)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -101,7 +137,16 @@ func (h *ProgressHandler) HandleListProgress(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Requ
 		return
 	}
 
-	entries, err := store.ListProgress(r.Context(), profileID, status, limit, offset)
+	// A ?since= cursor switches to server-ordered delta delivery (rows changed
+	// elsewhere since the cursor), immune to client clock skew. Absent since →
+	// today's status/pagination listing.
+	var entries []userstore.WatchProgress
+	var nextCursor string
+	if since != "" {
+		entries, nextCursor, err = store.ListProgressSince(r.Context(), profileID, since)
+	} else {
+		entries, err = store.ListProgress(r.Context(), profileID, status, limit, offset)
+	}
 	if err != nil {
 		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "internal_error", "Failed to list progress")
 		return
@@ -138,7 +183,8 @@ func (h *ProgressHandler) HandleListProgress(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Requ
 	}
 
 	resp := progressListResponse{
-		Progress: make([]progressEntryResponse, 0, len(entries)),
+		Progress:   make([]progressEntryResponse, 0, len(entries)),
+		NextCursor: nextCursor,
 	}
 	for _, e := range entries {
 		resp.Progress = append(resp.Progress, progressEntryResponse{
@@ -280,9 +326,32 @@ func (h *ProgressHandler) HandleSyncProgress(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Requ
 		}
 
 		var updateErr error
-		if item.ForceOverwrite {
+		switch {
+		case item.UpdatedAt != nil:
+			// Offline-queued event: clamp the client event time and merge
+			// last-write-wins on the bounded event_at. synced_seq (the cursor) is
+			// stamped server-side; completion still comes from the threshold logic,
+			// never the timestamp alone.
+			client, parseErr := parseClientEventTime(*item.UpdatedAt)
+			if parseErr != nil {
+				result.Status = "error"
+				result.Error = "updated_at must be RFC3339"
+				results = append(results, result)
+				continue
+			}
+			now := time.Now()
+			eventAt := clampEventAt(client, now)
+			if !client.IsZero() && client.After(now.Add(progressClockSkew)) {
+				slog.Warn("clamped future-dated progress event time",
+					"profile_id", profileID, "media_item_id", item.MediaItemID)
+			}
+			pos, completed, skip := userstore.ResolveProgressState(item.Position, item.Duration, thresholds)
+			if !skip {
+				_, updateErr = store.SetProgressIfNewer(r.Context(), profileID, item.MediaItemID, pos, item.Duration, completed, eventAt)
+			}
+		case item.ForceOverwrite:
 			updateErr = store.SetProgress(r.Context(), profileID, item.MediaItemID, item.Position, item.Duration, thresholds)
-		} else {
+		default:
 			updateErr = store.UpdateProgress(r.Context(), profileID, item.MediaItemID, item.Position, item.Duration, thresholds)
 		}
 

internal/api/handlers/progress_offline_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/userstore"
+)
+
+func TestClampEventAt(t *testing.T) {
+	now := time.Date(2026, 6, 19, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name   string
+		client time.Time
+		want   time.Time
+	}{
+		{"zero defaults to now", time.Time{}, now},
+		{"far future clamps to now", now.Add(48 * time.Hour), now},
+		{"just past skew clamps to now", now.Add(progressClockSkew + time.Minute), now},
+		{"within skew is kept", now.Add(time.Minute), now.Add(time.Minute)},
+		{"past is kept", now.Add(-3 * time.Hour), now.Add(-3 * time.Hour)},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := clampEventAt(tc.client, now); !got.Equal(tc.want) {
+				t.Fatalf("clampEventAt(%v) = %v, want %v", tc.client, got, tc.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOfflineProgressState(t *testing.T) {
+	thresholds := userstore.ProgressThresholds{WatchedPct: 90, MinResumePct: 5}
+
+	// Below the min-resume floor → skipped.
+	if _, _, skip := userstore.ResolveProgressState(10, 1000, thresholds); !skip {
+		t.Fatal("tiny progress should be skipped")
+	}
+	// Above the watched threshold → completed latch, position reset.
+	pos, completed, skip := userstore.ResolveProgressState(950, 1000, thresholds)
+	if skip || !completed || pos != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("watched item = (pos=%v completed=%v skip=%v), want (0 true false)", pos, completed, skip)
+	}
+	// Normal mid-progress → kept as-is.
+	pos, completed, skip = userstore.ResolveProgressState(500, 1000, thresholds)
+	if skip || completed || pos != 500 {
+		t.Fatalf("mid progress = (pos=%v completed=%v skip=%v), want (500 false false)", pos, completed, skip)
+	}
+}

internal/api/handlers/session_ws.go

@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ func (h *PlaybackHandler) handleRealtimeClientMessage(sessionID string, data []b
 		}
 		switch record.Name {
 		case playback.CommandStop, playback.CommandTerminate:
-			err := h.stopPlaybackSessionByID(context.Background(), sessionID)
+			err := h.stopPlaybackSessionByID(context.Background(), sessionID, true)
 			if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, playback.ErrSessionNotFound) {
 				slog.Error("failed to stop playback after realtime completion", "session", sessionID, "playback_session_id", sessionID, "error", err)
 			}

internal/api/handlers/stream.go

@@ -32,6 +32,15 @@ type StreamHandler struct {
 	EventsHub     *evt.Hub
 	AdminStore    PlaybackAdminStore
 	SessionSyncer PlaybackSessionSyncer
+	// TM is the shared transcode/reconstruct manager (same instance as the
+	// PlaybackHandler's). It lets a direct/remux stream rebuild its playback
+	// Session from the recipe card after a server restart instead of 404-ing.
+	// May be nil (tests / minimal setups) — reconstruct is then simply off.
+	TM *playback.TranscodeManager
+	// JWTSecret verifies the stream token carried on the serve URL (?st=), which
+	// is the reconstruction descriptor for direct/remux after a restart. Empty
+	// disables token-based reconstruct (tests / minimal setups).
+	JWTSecret string
 	// PlaybackConfig returns the current playback config; read it through
 	// ffmpegPath(). May be nil (tests).
 	PlaybackConfig func() config.PlaybackConfig
@@ -54,6 +63,10 @@ func NewStreamHandler(sessionMgr SessionManagerInterface, fileResolver FilePathR
 	return &StreamHandler{
 		sessionMgr:   sessionMgr,
 		fileResolver: fileResolver,
+		// A bare manager (no recipe store) behaves as "no reconstruct" — plain
+		// GetSession + ownership — so HandleStream has a single code path. The
+		// router overwrites this with the shared manager to enable reconstruct.
+		TM: playback.NewTranscodeManager(),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -75,14 +88,22 @@ func (h *StreamHandler) HandleStream(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	}
 	setPlaybackSessionLogContext(r, sessionID)
 
-	session, err := h.sessionMgr.GetSession(sessionID)
-	if err != nil {
+	// Look up the session, reconstructing it from the recipe card on a not-found
+	// miss (e.g. after a server restart) so a direct/remux stream resumes instead
+	// of 404-ing. The client re-supplies its position (HTTP Range for direct, the
+	// ?seek= query for remux), so no runtime beyond the Session needs rebuilding.
+	// Without a token (or signing secret) reconstruct is off, collapsing to a
+	// plain GetSession + ownership check.
+	card := streamCardFromToken(r.URL.Query().Get(streamTokenParam), sessionID, h.JWTSecret)
+	session, status := h.TM.LoadOrReconstructSession(r.Context(), h.sessionMgr.GetSession, sessionID, userID, card)
+	switch status {
+	case playback.SessionMissing:
 		writePlaybackSessionNotFound(w)
 		return
-	}
-
-	// Verify session ownership.
-	if session.UserID != userID {
+	case playback.SessionLoadFailed:
+		writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "internal_error", "Failed to load playback session")
+		return
+	case playback.SessionForbidden:
 		writeError(w, http.StatusForbidden, "forbidden", "Session belongs to another user")
 		return
 	}
@@ -240,37 +261,49 @@ func (h *StreamHandler) HandleSubtitle(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	// Check downloaded subtitles (from S3).
 	if h.SubtitleRepo != nil && h.S3Client != nil {
 		downloaded, err := h.SubtitleRepo.ListDownloadedSubtitles(r.Context(), file.ID)
-		if err == nil {
-			downloadedIndex := embeddedIndex - len(file.SubtitleTracks)
-			if downloadedIndex >= 0 && downloadedIndex < len(downloaded) {
-				dl := downloaded[downloadedIndex]
-				data, err := h.S3Client.GetObject(r.Context(), h.S3Bucket, dl.S3Key)
-				if err != nil {
-					writeError(w, http.StatusBadGateway, "s3_error", "Failed to load subtitle from storage")
-					return
-				}
+		if err != nil {
+			// A DB failure here must not masquerade as "track not found":
+			// surface it as an internal error (with a server-side signal)
+			// so the real failure is diagnosable instead of looking like an
+			// intermittent 404 to the client.
+			slog.ErrorContext(r.Context(), "list downloaded subtitles failed",
+				"file_id", file.ID,
+				"track", trackIndex,
+				"error", err,
+			)
+			writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "internal_error", "Failed to list downloaded subtitles")
+			return
+		}
 
-				// Serve ASS/SSA downloaded subtitles as raw data.
-				if playback.IsASS(string(dl.Format)) {
-					playback.ServeSubtitle(w, data, "ass")
-					return
-				}
-
-				// If the subtitle is already VTT, serve directly.
-				if dl.Format == subtitles.FormatVTT {
-					playback.ServeSubtitle(w, data, "vtt")
-					return
-				}
-
-				// Convert to VTT using the playback conversion pipeline.
-				vttData, err := playback.ConvertToVTT(data, string(dl.Format))
-				if err != nil {
-					writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "convert_error", "Failed to convert subtitle")
-					return
-				}
-				playback.ServeSubtitle(w, vttData, "vtt")
+		downloadedIndex := embeddedIndex - len(file.SubtitleTracks)
+		if downloadedIndex >= 0 && downloadedIndex < len(downloaded) {
+			dl := downloaded[downloadedIndex]
+			data, err := h.S3Client.GetObject(r.Context(), h.S3Bucket, dl.S3Key)
+			if err != nil {
+				writeError(w, http.StatusBadGateway, "s3_error", "Failed to load subtitle from storage")
 				return
 			}
+
+			// Serve ASS/SSA downloaded subtitles as raw data.
+			if playback.IsASS(string(dl.Format)) {
+				playback.ServeSubtitle(w, data, "ass")
+				return
+			}
+
+			// If the subtitle is already VTT, serve directly.
+			if dl.Format == subtitles.FormatVTT {
+				playback.ServeSubtitle(w, data, "vtt")
+				return
+			}
+
+			// Convert to VTT using the playback conversion pipeline.
+			vttData, err := playback.ConvertToVTT(data, string(dl.Format))
+			if err != nil {
+				writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "convert_error", "Failed to convert subtitle")
+				return
+			}
+			playback.ServeSubtitle(w, vttData, "vtt")
+			return
 		}
 	}
 

internal/api/handlers/stream_test.go

@@ -2,12 +2,15 @@ package handlers
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"os"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
+
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/models"
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/playback"
 )
@@ -121,6 +124,55 @@ func TestHandleStream_KeepsSessionWhenLookupFailsForNonMissingReason(t *testing.
 	}
 }
 
+// TestHandleSubtitle_ListDownloadedSubtitlesErrorReturns500 pins the fix for
+// issue #248: a failure listing downloaded subtitles must surface as a 500 with
+// an "internal_error" code, not be swallowed and reported to the client as a
+// generic "Subtitle track not found" 404 (which made a real backing-store
+// failure look like an intermittent client-side subtitle bug).
+func TestHandleSubtitle_ListDownloadedSubtitlesErrorReturns500(t *testing.T) {
+	// No external or embedded tracks, so track index 0 falls through to the
+	// downloaded-subtitle branch that queries the repository.
+	file := &models.MediaFile{
+		ID:        42,
+		ContentID: "movie-1",
+		FilePath:  "/tmp/movie.mkv",
+		Duration:  3600,
+	}
+	baseMgr := playback.NewSessionManager(0, 0)
+	session, err := baseMgr.StartSession(1, "profile-1", 42, playback.PlayDirect, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("StartSession: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	handler := NewStreamHandler(baseMgr, testPlaybackFileResolver{file: file})
+	handler.SubtitleRepo = &handlerMockSubtitleRepo{listErr: errors.New("db unavailable")}
+	handler.S3Client = newMockS3ClientForHandler()
+	handler.S3Bucket = "test-bucket"
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/v1/stream/"+session.ID+"/subtitles/0.vtt", nil)
+	req = req.WithContext(newAuthorizedPlaybackContext())
+	routeCtx := chi.NewRouteContext()
+	routeCtx.URLParams.Add("session_id", session.ID)
+	routeCtx.URLParams.Add("track", "0.vtt")
+	req = req.WithContext(context.WithValue(req.Context(), chi.RouteCtxKey, routeCtx))
+
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.HandleSubtitle(rr, req)
+
+	if rr.Code != http.StatusInternalServerError {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, body = %s", rr.Code, rr.Body.String())
+	}
+	var body struct {
+		Error string `json:"error"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(rr.Body.Bytes(), &body); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode error body: %v (body = %s)", err, rr.Body.String())
+	}
+	if body.Error != "internal_error" {
+		t.Fatalf("error code = %q, want %q (body = %s)", body.Error, "internal_error", rr.Body.String())
+	}
+}
+
 func TestHandleTransportStartFailure_KeepsSessionForNonMissingError(t *testing.T) {
 	filePath := writePlaybackTestMediaFile(t, "movie.mkv")
 	file := &models.MediaFile{

internal/api/handlers/subtitle_search_test.go

@@ -239,6 +239,9 @@ type handlerMockSubtitleRepo struct {
 	subtitles map[int]*subtitles.DownloadedSubtitle
 	nextID    int
 	byKey     map[string]*subtitles.DownloadedSubtitle
+	// listErr, when set, is returned by ListDownloadedSubtitles to simulate a
+	// backing-store failure.
+	listErr error
 }
 
 func newMockSubtitleRepoForHandler() *handlerMockSubtitleRepo {
@@ -265,6 +268,9 @@ func (m *handlerMockSubtitleRepo) GetDownloadedSubtitle(_ context.Context, id in
 }
 
 func (m *handlerMockSubtitleRepo) ListDownloadedSubtitles(context.Context, int) ([]subtitles.DownloadedSubtitle, error) {
+	if m.listErr != nil {
+		return nil, m.listErr
+	}
 	return nil, nil
 }
 

internal/api/handlers/watch_together.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/access"
@@ -110,9 +111,16 @@ type watchTogetherPingMessage struct {
 	ClientSentAt string `json:"client_sent_at"`
 }
 
+// watchTogetherRoomConn serializes every write to the underlying gorilla
+// connection. gorilla/websocket does not support concurrent writers, and room
+// broadcasts arrive from other members' goroutines, so all writes — including
+// pong/error replies from the read loop — must go through this wrapper.
 type watchTogetherRoomConn struct {
 	conn    *websocket.Conn
 	writeMu sync.Mutex
+	// pingSentAtNano is the send time of the most recent protocol-level ping,
+	// used to measure round-trip latency when the pong arrives.
+	pingSentAtNano atomic.Int64
 }
 
 func (c *watchTogetherRoomConn) WriteJSON(v any) error {
@@ -130,9 +138,35 @@ func (c *watchTogetherRoomConn) Close() error {
 func (c *watchTogetherRoomConn) WritePing() error {
 	c.writeMu.Lock()
 	defer c.writeMu.Unlock()
+	c.pingSentAtNano.Store(time.Now().UnixNano())
 	return writeWebSocketControl(c.conn, websocket.PingMessage, nil)
 }
 
+// TakePingSentAt returns and clears the send time of the last unanswered
+// protocol-level ping.
+func (c *watchTogetherRoomConn) TakePingSentAt() time.Time {
+	nano := c.pingSentAtNano.Swap(0)
+	if nano == 0 {
+		return time.Time{}
+	}
+	return time.Unix(0, nano)
+}
+
+func (c *watchTogetherRoomConn) WriteError(code, message string) {
+	_ = c.WriteJSON(map[string]string{
+		"type":    "error",
+		"code":    code,
+		"message": message,
+	})
+}
+
+func (c *watchTogetherRoomConn) writeRoomClosed(reason string) {
+	_ = c.WriteJSON(map[string]string{
+		"type":   "room_closed",
+		"reason": reason,
+	})
+}
+
 func NewWatchTogetherHandler(
 	service *watchtogether.Service,
 	scopeResolver WatchTogetherScopeResolver,
@@ -653,19 +687,33 @@ func (h *WatchTogetherHandler) HandleRoomWebSocket(w http.ResponseWriter, r *htt
 
 	reg, snapshot, err := h.Service.Connect(ctx, roomID, claims.UserID, profileID, realtimeConn)
 	if err != nil {
+		// Terminal failures use room_closed so clients stop reconnecting
+		// instead of retrying a room that will never come back.
 		if errors.Is(err, watchtogether.ErrRoomNotFound) {
-			writeWebSocketError(conn, "not_found", "Room not found")
+			realtimeConn.writeRoomClosed("not_found")
 		} else if errors.Is(err, watchtogether.ErrRoomClosed) {
-			writeWebSocketError(conn, "gone", "Room is no longer active")
+			realtimeConn.writeRoomClosed("ended")
 		} else {
-			writeWebSocketError(conn, "internal_error", "Failed to connect room socket")
+			realtimeConn.WriteError("internal_error", "Failed to connect room socket")
 		}
 		return
 	}
 	defer h.Service.Disconnect(reg, false)
 
 	configureWebSocket(conn)
+	// Measure round-trip latency from protocol-level ping/pong on the server
+	// clock; client-reported timestamps are subject to clock skew and cannot
+	// be trusted for command scheduling.
+	conn.SetPongHandler(func(string) error {
+		_ = conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(wsPingInterval + wsPongTimeout))
+		if sentAt := realtimeConn.TakePingSentAt(); !sentAt.IsZero() {
+			_ = h.Service.HandlePingForConnection(ctx, reg, claims.UserID, profileID, time.Since(sentAt).Milliseconds())
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
 	startWebSocketPingLoop(ctx, realtimeConn.WritePing)
+	// Prime an RTT sample right away instead of waiting for the first tick.
+	_ = realtimeConn.WritePing()
 
 	if err := realtimeConn.WriteJSON(map[string]any{
 		"type": "snapshot",
@@ -680,15 +728,15 @@ func (h *WatchTogetherHandler) HandleRoomWebSocket(w http.ResponseWriter, r *htt
 			return
 		}
 
-		if err := h.handleRoomClientMessage(ctx, conn, reg, claims.UserID, profileID, data); err != nil {
-			writeWebSocketError(conn, "bad_request", err.Error())
+		if err := h.handleRoomClientMessage(ctx, realtimeConn, reg, claims.UserID, profileID, data); err != nil {
+			realtimeConn.WriteError("bad_request", err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 func (h *WatchTogetherHandler) handleRoomClientMessage(
 	ctx context.Context,
-	conn *websocket.Conn,
+	rc *watchTogetherRoomConn,
 	reg *watchtogether.Registration,
 	userID int,
 	profileID string,
@@ -768,16 +816,11 @@ func (h *WatchTogetherHandler) handleRoomClientMessage(
 		if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &msg); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		clientSentAt, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, msg.ClientSentAt)
-		if err != nil {
-			return errors.New("client_sent_at must be RFC3339Nano")
-		}
+		// The echoed timestamps only serve the client's clock-offset estimate;
+		// latency for command scheduling is measured server-side from
+		// protocol-level ping/pong.
 		now := time.Now().UTC()
-		pingMS := now.Sub(clientSentAt.UTC()).Milliseconds()
-		if pingMS > 0 {
-			_ = h.Service.HandlePingForConnection(ctx, reg, userID, profileID, pingMS)
-		}
-		return writeWebSocketJSON(conn, map[string]string{
+		return rc.WriteJSON(map[string]string{
 			"type":               "pong",
 			"client_sent_at":     msg.ClientSentAt,
 			"server_received_at": now.Format(time.RFC3339Nano),

internal/api/router.go

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/catalogseed"
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/clientip"
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/config"
-	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/download"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/downloads"
 	evt "github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/events"
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/historyimport"
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/intromarkers"
@@ -132,8 +132,9 @@ type Dependencies struct {
 	ActivityLogRepo              *activitylog.Repo
 	OpsLogRepo                   *opslog.Repo
 	FFmpegLogSink                playback.FFmpegLogSink
-	RedisClient                  *redis.Client            // for session listing (may be nil)
-	TaskManager                  *taskmanager.TaskManager // task manager (may be nil)
+	RedisClient                  *redis.Client              // for session listing (may be nil)
+	TaskManager                  *taskmanager.TaskManager   // task manager (may be nil)
+	ArtifactManager              *downloads.ArtifactManager // download prepare-to-file pipeline (may be nil)
 	AdminJobCancelRegistry       *adminjob.CancelRegistry
 	IntroRepository              *intromarkers.Repository
 	IntroAnalyzer                *intromarkers.Analyzer
@@ -449,14 +450,10 @@ func NewRouter(deps Dependencies) chi.Router {
 		ebookAnnotationStore = handlers.NewPGEbookReaderAnnotationStore(deps.DB)
 		browseRepo := catalog.NewBrowseRepository(deps.DB)
 		itemRepo = catalog.NewItemRepository(deps.DB)
-		catalogSearchSettings, err := catalog.LoadCatalogSearchSettings(context.Background(), settingsRepo)
-		if err != nil {
-			slog.Warn("catalog search: failed to load settings; using postgres", "err", err)
-			catalogSearchSettings = catalog.DefaultCatalogSearchSettings()
-		}
 		searchIndexEvents := catalog.NewSearchIndexEventRepository(deps.DB)
-		catalogSearchService = catalog.NewCatalogSearchServiceFromSettings(
-			catalogSearchSettings,
+		catalogSearchService = catalog.NewCatalogSearchService(
+			context.Background(),
+			settingsRepo,
 			itemRepo,
 			searchIndexEvents,
 			deps.CatalogSearchVectorizer,
@@ -751,6 +748,13 @@ func NewRouter(deps Dependencies) chi.Router {
 			playbackHandler.SessionSyncer = deps.SessionSyncer
 		}
 		if streamHandler != nil {
+			// Share the playback handler's transcode/reconstruct manager so a
+			// direct/remux stream can rebuild its session from the token recipe
+			// after a restart (same manager, same SessionManager).
+			streamHandler.TM = playbackHandler.TranscodeManager()
+			if deps.Config != nil {
+				streamHandler.JWTSecret = deps.Config.Auth.JWTSecret
+			}
 			streamHandler.AdminStore = playbackAdminStore
 			streamHandler.EventsHub = deps.EventsHub
 			streamHandler.SessionSyncer = deps.SessionSyncer
@@ -819,9 +823,9 @@ func NewRouter(deps Dependencies) chi.Router {
 					watchtogether.NewRepository(deps.DB),
 					deps.SessionMgr,
 					deps.FileRepo,
-					playbackHandler.CommandDispatcher,
 					watchtogether.NewCatalogSelectionResolver(detailSvc),
 					watchtogether.NewSuggestionRepository(deps.DB),
+					watchtogether.NewProfileNameResolver(deps.UserStoreProvider),
 				),
 				viewerResolver,
 				roomTokenService,
@@ -1353,18 +1357,18 @@ func NewRouter(deps Dependencies) chi.Router {
 	// Build download handler.
 	var downloadHandler *handlers.DownloadHandler
 	if deps.DB != nil && deps.FileRepo != nil && deps.Config != nil {
-		downloadRepo := download.NewRepository(deps.DB)
-		downloadBandwidth := download.NewBandwidthManager(
+		downloadRepo := downloads.NewRepository(deps.DB)
+		downloadBandwidth := downloads.NewBandwidthManager(
 			deps.Config.Download.ServerBandwidthBPS,
 			deps.Config.Download.UserBandwidthBPS,
 		)
-		downloadLimiter := download.NewQuantityLimiter(
+		downloadLimiter := downloads.NewQuantityLimiter(
 			downloadRepo,
 			deps.Config.Download.MaxConcurrentPerUser,
 			deps.Config.Download.MaxPerPeriod,
 			deps.Config.Download.PeriodDuration,
 		)
-		downloadSvc := download.NewService(
+		downloadSvc := downloads.NewService(
 			downloadRepo,
 			downloadBandwidth,
 			downloadLimiter,
@@ -1376,7 +1380,31 @@ func NewRouter(deps Dependencies) chi.Router {
 			settingsRepo,
 			&deps.Config.Download,
 		)
+		if detailSvc != nil {
+			// Offline manifest + artwork/subtitle proxies (Phase 2). subtitleManager
+			// may be nil when subtitles are unconfigured; pass a nil interface so the
+			// downloaded-subtitle path reports unavailable instead of panicking.
+			var subtitleSource downloads.SubtitleSource
+			if subtitleManager != nil {
+				subtitleSource = subtitleManager
+			}
+			downloadSvc.SetOfflineDeps(detailSvc, subtitleSource, nil)
+		}
+		if deps.ArtifactManager != nil {
+			// Prepare-to-file pipeline (Phase 3): remux/transcode-to-single-file.
+			downloadSvc.SetArtifactManager(deps.ArtifactManager)
+		}
+		// Series monitoring (auto-download subscriptions). Client-pull only:
+		// devices sync on app open / background refresh; there is no server
+		// background worker.
+		downloadSvc.SetSubscriptions(downloads.NewSubscriptionRepository(deps.DB))
 		downloadHandler = handlers.NewDownloadHandler(downloadSvc)
+		if profileHandler != nil {
+			// Profiles may live outside Postgres (sqlite userdb backend), so
+			// deleting one cannot FK-cascade the shared user_devices table;
+			// purge the device library (and its downloads) in-app instead.
+			profileHandler.DeviceLibraryPurger = downloadRepo
+		}
 	} else {
 		downloadHandler = handlers.NewDownloadHandler(nil)
 	}
@@ -1630,6 +1658,7 @@ func NewRouter(deps Dependencies) chi.Router {
 					}
 					notificationsHandler := handlers.NewNotificationsHandler(deps.Notifications, deps.EventsHub)
 					r.With(apimw.RequireProfile).Post("/events/ws-ticket", notificationsHandler.HandleMintWSTicket)
+					r.With(apimw.RequireProfile).Post("/devices/push/apple", notificationsHandler.HandleRegisterApplePushDevice)
 					// Discord DM channel: the linked identity and mode hang off
 					// the login account, not a profile, so these stay outside
 					// the RequireProfile subrouter below (static paths coexist
@@ -1648,6 +1677,7 @@ func NewRouter(deps Dependencies) chi.Router {
 						r.Get("/capability", notificationsHandler.HandleCapability)
 						r.Get("/preferences", notificationsHandler.HandleGetPreferences)
 						r.Put("/preferences", notificationsHandler.HandleUpdatePreferences)
+						r.Get("/push/apple/display/{delivery_id}", notificationsHandler.HandleApplePushDisplay)
 						r.Get("/email-preferences", notificationsHandler.HandleGetEmailPreferences)
 						r.Put("/email-preferences", notificationsHandler.HandleUpdateEmailPreferences)
 						r.Put("/email-preferences/address", notificationsHandler.HandleRequestEmailAddress)
@@ -2051,6 +2081,8 @@ func NewRouter(deps Dependencies) chi.Router {
 					r.Get("/metadata/ai/status", metadataAIHandler.HandleStatus)
 					if itemRepo != nil {
 						metadataAIHandler.ItemAccess = itemRepo
+						metadataAIHandler.SeasonLookup = seasonRepo
+						metadataAIHandler.EpisodeLookup = episodeRepo
 						r.Post("/items/{id}/translate-description", metadataAIHandler.HandleTranslateOnView)
 					}
 				} else {
@@ -2153,10 +2185,27 @@ func NewRouter(deps Dependencies) chi.Router {
 
 				// Download routes.
 				r.Route("/downloads", func(r chi.Router) {
+					r.Get("/capability", downloadHandler.HandleCapability)
 					r.Post("/", downloadHandler.HandleCreateDownload)
 					r.Get("/", downloadHandler.HandleListDownloads)
+					// Series monitoring (auto-download) subscriptions.
+					r.Post("/subscriptions", downloadHandler.HandleCreateSubscription)
+					r.Post("/subscriptions/sync", downloadHandler.HandleSyncSubscriptions)
+					r.Get("/subscriptions", downloadHandler.HandleListSubscriptions)
+					r.Get("/subscriptions/{id}", downloadHandler.HandleGetSubscription)
+					r.Patch("/subscriptions/{id}", downloadHandler.HandlePatchSubscription)
+					r.Delete("/subscriptions/{id}", downloadHandler.HandleDeleteSubscription)
+					r.Get("/batches/{batch_id}/manifests", downloadHandler.HandleBatchManifests)
+					r.Patch("/{id}", downloadHandler.HandlePatchDownload)
 					r.Delete("/{id}", downloadHandler.HandleDeleteDownload)
+					// GET+HEAD: background download stacks probe with HEAD
+					// before issuing ranged GETs; http.ServeContent handles
+					// HEAD natively.
 					r.Get("/{id}/file", downloadHandler.HandleDownloadFile)
+					r.Head("/{id}/file", downloadHandler.HandleDownloadFile)
+					r.Get("/{id}/manifest", downloadHandler.HandleManifest)
+					r.Get("/{id}/artwork/{kind}", downloadHandler.HandleArtwork)
+					r.Get("/{id}/subtitles/{ref}", downloadHandler.HandleSubtitle)
 				})
 				r.Get("/direct-download", downloadHandler.HandleDirectDownload)
 				r.Head("/direct-download", downloadHandler.HandleDirectDownload)
@@ -2305,6 +2354,15 @@ func NewRouter(deps Dependencies) chi.Router {
 							if discordNotificationsHandler != nil {
 								r.Post("/notifications/discord/test", discordNotificationsHandler.HandleAdminTest)
 							}
+							if deps.Notifications != nil || settingsRepo != nil {
+								applePushHandler := handlers.NewAdminApplePushHandler(deps.Notifications, settingsRepo)
+								if deps.Notifications != nil {
+									r.Post("/notifications/push/apple/test", applePushHandler.HandleTest)
+								}
+								if settingsRepo != nil {
+									r.Post("/notifications/push/relay/register", applePushHandler.HandleRegisterRelay)
+								}
+							}
 							if deps.Notifications != nil && deps.Notifications.ServerChannels != nil {
 								serverChannelsHandler := handlers.NewAdminServerChannelsHandler(deps.Notifications)
 								r.Route("/notifications/server-channels", func(r chi.Router) {

internal/catalog/browse.go

@@ -124,6 +124,157 @@ func (r *BrowseRepository) browse(ctx context.Context, filters BrowseFilters, in
 	}, nil
 }
 
+// BrowseRecentlyAddedAcrossLibraries serves a recently_added browse spanning
+// multiple libraries by running the proven single-library index path once per
+// library and merging the already-sorted results in memory. Each per-library
+// query filters on exactly one media_folder_id, so it takes the
+// singleLibraryNoDedup fast path and walks idx_item_libraries_folder_seen_content
+// as a top-N index scan (~1ms). N small walks replace one multi-library
+// MIN(first_seen_at) + GROUP BY scan of the whole catalog (HashAggregate over
+// ~180k groups + top-N heapsort, ~2s with a wide projection and cold cache).
+//
+// It only serves offset 0 — the /Items/Latest hot path. A per-library top-Limit
+// fetch cannot satisfy a deep global offset, so callers must route offset>0
+// pages to BrowsePage; passing a positive Offset here is an error rather than a
+// silently-wrong page.
+//
+// Cross-library dedup is performed app-side: a content_id present in more than
+// one library keeps the EARLIEST first_seen_at, preserving the
+// MIN(first_seen_at) "added at" semantics of the multi-library GROUP BY path.
+// The reported Total is a lower bound (exact when the page is the whole result),
+// chosen so HasMore remains correct for offset 0.
+//
+// Known limitation vs the exact GROUP BY query, bounded to content_ids that
+// live in 2+ libraries: such a dup is only deduped against the slices actually
+// fetched, so if its true MIN(first_seen_at) library does not rank it in that
+// library's top-Limit, the merge sees only a later first_seen_at and may rank it
+// too recent (or drop it if it is outside top-Limit in every library holding it).
+// This is acceptable for an approximate "recently added" rail; do not reuse this
+// path where exact MIN ranking across libraries is required.
+func (r *BrowseRepository) BrowseRecentlyAddedAcrossLibraries(ctx context.Context, base BrowseFilters, libraryIDs []int) (*BrowseResult, error) {
+	if base.Offset > 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("browse recently added across libraries: offset %d unsupported, use BrowsePage", base.Offset)
+	}
+	limit := base.Limit
+	if limit <= 0 {
+		limit = 20
+	}
+	// Each per-library subquery is clamped to MaxLimit by BrowsePage, but the
+	// merged page is trimmed to this `limit`; clamp it too so the final result
+	// honors the same BrowseFilters.MaxLimit contract as the single-library path.
+	if base.MaxLimit > 0 && limit > base.MaxLimit {
+		limit = base.MaxLimit
+	}
+
+	perLibrary := make([][]*models.MediaItem, 0, len(libraryIDs))
+	anyLibraryHasMore := false
+	for _, id := range libraryIDs {
+		sub := base
+		sub.LibraryID = id
+		// Clearing the multi-library scopes is what selects the
+		// singleLibraryNoDedup fast path in buildBrowsePlan.
+		sub.LibraryIDs = nil
+		sub.DisabledLibraryIDs = nil
+		sub.Offset = 0
+		sub.Limit = limit
+		res, err := r.BrowsePage(ctx, sub, false)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("browse recently added in library %d: %w", id, err)
+		}
+		if res == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		perLibrary = append(perLibrary, res.Items)
+		if res.HasMore {
+			anyLibraryHasMore = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	merged := mergeRecentlyAddedItems(perLibrary)
+	// More results exist when the merged set already overflows the page, or when
+	// any single library still has rows behind its own top-Limit window (which
+	// implies that library alone holds more than `limit` items).
+	hasMore := anyLibraryHasMore || len(merged) > limit
+	total := len(merged)
+	if hasMore && total <= limit {
+		// A library has rows beyond the page but the merged set fit exactly;
+		// nudge the total so offset-0 HasMore stays true for total-driven callers.
+		total = limit + 1
+	}
+	if len(merged) > limit {
+		merged = merged[:limit]
+	}
+
+	return &BrowseResult{Items: merged, Total: total, HasMore: hasMore}, nil
+}
+
+// mergeRecentlyAddedItems merges per-library recently_added result slices — each
+// already sorted by first_seen_at DESC, content_id ASC — into a single globally
+// ordered slice. Duplicate content_ids are collapsed to one entry whose AddedAt
+// is the EARLIEST across libraries, mirroring MIN(first_seen_at) from the
+// multi-library GROUP BY path. The result is sorted by AddedAt DESC, content_id
+// ASC and is NOT truncated; callers trim to the page size and derive HasMore.
+func mergeRecentlyAddedItems(perLibrary [][]*models.MediaItem) []*models.MediaItem {
+	byID := make(map[string]*models.MediaItem)
+	order := make([]*models.MediaItem, 0)
+	for _, items := range perLibrary {
+		for _, it := range items {
+			if it == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			existing, ok := byID[it.ContentID]
+			if !ok {
+				byID[it.ContentID] = it
+				order = append(order, it)
+				continue
+			}
+			// Keep the earliest first_seen_at to preserve MIN semantics.
+			if addedAtBefore(it.AddedAt, existing.AddedAt) {
+				existing.AddedAt = it.AddedAt
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	// Re-sort after dedup because collapsing to MIN(first_seen_at) can move an
+	// item earlier than its position in any single per-library slice.
+	slices.SortStableFunc(order, compareRecentlyAdded)
+	return order
+}
+
+// compareRecentlyAdded orders items by AddedAt DESC, then content_id ASC,
+// matching "ORDER BY mil.first_seen_at DESC, mi.content_id ASC". A nil AddedAt
+// sorts last (treated as the oldest).
+func compareRecentlyAdded(a, b *models.MediaItem) int {
+	at, bt := a.AddedAt, b.AddedAt
+	switch {
+	case at == nil && bt == nil:
+		// fall through to the content_id tie-break
+	case at == nil:
+		return 1
+	case bt == nil:
+		return -1
+	default:
+		if at.After(*bt) {
+			return -1
+		}
+		if at.Before(*bt) {
+			return 1
+		}
+	}
+	return strings.Compare(a.ContentID, b.ContentID)
+}
+
+// addedAtBefore reports whether a is strictly earlier than b, treating nil as
+// the oldest possible value so a real timestamp always wins the MIN.
+func addedAtBefore(a, b *time.Time) bool {
+	if a == nil {
+		return b != nil
+	}
+	if b == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return a.Before(*b)
+}
+
 // browseQueryPlan captures the rendered SQL fragments and bound args for a
 // browse data query. It is produced by buildBrowsePlan and consumed both by
 // browse() (to execute) and by tests (to inspect the emitted SQL without a

internal/catalog/browse_recently_added_merge_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+package catalog
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/models"
+)
+
+func tsPtr(t time.Time) *time.Time { return &t }
+
+func contentIDs(items []*models.MediaItem) []string {
+	ids := make([]string, len(items))
+	for i, it := range items {
+		ids[i] = it.ContentID
+	}
+	return ids
+}
+
+func TestMergeRecentlyAddedItems_OrdersByAddedAtDescThenContentID(t *testing.T) {
+	base := time.Date(2026, 6, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	// Two already-sorted per-library slices (added_at DESC, content_id ASC).
+	libA := []*models.MediaItem{
+		{ContentID: "a3", AddedAt: tsPtr(base.Add(3 * time.Hour))},
+		{ContentID: "a1", AddedAt: tsPtr(base.Add(1 * time.Hour))},
+	}
+	libB := []*models.MediaItem{
+		{ContentID: "b4", AddedAt: tsPtr(base.Add(4 * time.Hour))},
+		{ContentID: "b2", AddedAt: tsPtr(base.Add(2 * time.Hour))},
+	}
+
+	got := contentIDs(mergeRecentlyAddedItems([][]*models.MediaItem{libA, libB}))
+	want := []string{"b4", "a3", "b2", "a1"}
+	if len(got) != len(want) {
+		t.Fatalf("merged length = %d, want %d (%v)", len(got), len(want), got)
+	}
+	for i := range want {
+		if got[i] != want[i] {
+			t.Fatalf("merged order = %v, want %v", got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMergeRecentlyAddedItems_TieBreaksByContentIDAsc(t *testing.T) {
+	at := time.Date(2026, 6, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	libA := []*models.MediaItem{{ContentID: "zeta", AddedAt: tsPtr(at)}}
+	libB := []*models.MediaItem{{ContentID: "alpha", AddedAt: tsPtr(at)}}
+
+	got := contentIDs(mergeRecentlyAddedItems([][]*models.MediaItem{libA, libB}))
+	want := []string{"alpha", "zeta"}
+	for i := range want {
+		if got[i] != want[i] {
+			t.Fatalf("tie-break order = %v, want %v", got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMergeRecentlyAddedItems_DedupsKeepingEarliestAddedAt(t *testing.T) {
+	early := time.Date(2026, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	late := time.Date(2026, 6, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	other := time.Date(2026, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	// "dup" appears in both libraries with different first_seen_at. The merge
+	// must collapse it to one entry carrying the EARLIEST timestamp (MIN
+	// semantics), which also moves it after "other" in DESC order.
+	libA := []*models.MediaItem{
+		{ContentID: "dup", AddedAt: tsPtr(late)},
+	}
+	libB := []*models.MediaItem{
+		{ContentID: "other", AddedAt: tsPtr(other)},
+		{ContentID: "dup", AddedAt: tsPtr(early)},
+	}
+
+	merged := mergeRecentlyAddedItems([][]*models.MediaItem{libA, libB})
+	if got := len(merged); got != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("merged length = %d, want 2 (dup must collapse): %v", got, contentIDs(merged))
+	}
+	// other (March) should now precede dup (January).
+	want := []string{"other", "dup"}
+	for i := range want {
+		if merged[i].ContentID != want[i] {
+			t.Fatalf("dedup order = %v, want %v", contentIDs(merged), want)
+		}
+	}
+	var dup *models.MediaItem
+	for _, it := range merged {
+		if it.ContentID == "dup" {
+			dup = it
+		}
+	}
+	if dup.AddedAt == nil || !dup.AddedAt.Equal(early) {
+		t.Fatalf("dup AddedAt = %v, want earliest %v", dup.AddedAt, early)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMergeRecentlyAddedItems_NilAddedAtSortsLast(t *testing.T) {
+	at := time.Date(2026, 6, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	libA := []*models.MediaItem{{ContentID: "nil1", AddedAt: nil}}
+	libB := []*models.MediaItem{{ContentID: "dated", AddedAt: tsPtr(at)}}
+
+	got := contentIDs(mergeRecentlyAddedItems([][]*models.MediaItem{libA, libB}))
+	want := []string{"dated", "nil1"}
+	for i := range want {
+		if got[i] != want[i] {
+			t.Fatalf("nil-handling order = %v, want %v", got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/catalog/default_language_restamp_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+package catalog
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool"
+
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/models"
+)
+
+func newRestampTestPool(t *testing.T) *pgxpool.Pool {
+	t.Helper()
+	dsn := os.Getenv("SILO_TEST_DATABASE_URL")
+	if dsn == "" {
+		t.Skip("SILO_TEST_DATABASE_URL is not set")
+	}
+	pool, err := pgxpool.New(context.Background(), dsn)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("connect test database: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(pool.Close)
+	return pool
+}
+
+// TestItemUpsertRestampsDefaultMetadataLanguage covers the persistence half of
+// issue #211: when a refresh adopts a new canonical language, the upsert must
+// accept the incoming non-empty default_metadata_language instead of pinning
+// to the stamp written at first match. An empty incoming value must still
+// keep the existing stamp (scanner skeleton writes send the zero value).
+func TestItemUpsertRestampsDefaultMetadataLanguage(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	pool := newRestampTestPool(t)
+	repo := NewItemRepository(pool)
+
+	contentID := fmt.Sprintf("restamp-item-%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_, _ = pool.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM media_items WHERE content_id = $1`, contentID)
+	})
+
+	base := &models.MediaItem{
+		ContentID:               contentID,
+		Type:                    "movie",
+		Title:                   "Gammel Titel",
+		Status:                  "matched",
+		DefaultMetadataLanguage: "zh",
+		Studios:                 []string{},
+		Networks:                []string{},
+		Countries:               []string{},
+		Genres:                  []string{},
+	}
+	if err := repo.Upsert(ctx, base); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("initial upsert: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	restamped := *base
+	restamped.Title = "Ny Titel"
+	restamped.DefaultMetadataLanguage = "da"
+	if err := repo.Upsert(ctx, &restamped); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("restamp upsert: %v", err)
+	}
+	got, err := repo.GetByID(ctx, contentID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("get item: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got.DefaultMetadataLanguage != "da" {
+		t.Errorf("default_metadata_language = %q, want da (incoming non-empty stamp must win)", got.DefaultMetadataLanguage)
+	}
+
+	emptied := restamped
+	emptied.DefaultMetadataLanguage = ""
+	if err := repo.Upsert(ctx, &emptied); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("empty-language upsert: %v", err)
+	}
+	got, err = repo.GetByID(ctx, contentID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("get item after empty upsert: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got.DefaultMetadataLanguage != "da" {
+		t.Errorf("default_metadata_language = %q, want da kept when incoming is empty", got.DefaultMetadataLanguage)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestSeasonAndEpisodeUpsertRestampDefaultMetadataLanguage verifies the same
+// restamp-on-upsert semantics for the season and episode tables, which carry
+// their own default_metadata_language pins.
+func TestSeasonAndEpisodeUpsertRestampDefaultMetadataLanguage(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	pool := newRestampTestPool(t)
+
+	suffix := time.Now().UnixNano()
+	seriesID := fmt.Sprintf("restamp-series-%d", suffix)
+	seasonID := fmt.Sprintf("restamp-season-%d", suffix)
+	episodeID := fmt.Sprintf("restamp-episode-%d", suffix)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		// Seasons and episodes cascade from the series row (FK ON DELETE
+		// CASCADE), so a single delete cleans up everything seeded here.
+		_, _ = pool.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM media_items WHERE content_id = $1`, seriesID)
+	})
+
+	itemRepo := NewItemRepository(pool)
+	if err := itemRepo.Upsert(ctx, &models.MediaItem{
+		ContentID:               seriesID,
+		Type:                    "series",
+		Title:                   "Restamp Series",
+		Status:                  "matched",
+		DefaultMetadataLanguage: "zh",
+		Studios:                 []string{},
+		Networks:                []string{},
+		Countries:               []string{},
+		Genres:                  []string{},
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed series: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	seasonRepo := NewSeasonRepository(pool)
+	season := &models.Season{
+		ContentID:               seasonID,
+		SeriesID:                seriesID,
+		SeasonNumber:            1,
+		Title:                   "Sæson 1",
+		DefaultMetadataLanguage: "zh",
+	}
+	if err := seasonRepo.Upsert(ctx, season); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed season: %v", err)
+	}
+	season.DefaultMetadataLanguage = "da"
+	if err := seasonRepo.Upsert(ctx, season); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("restamp season: %v", err)
+	}
+	var seasonLang string
+	if err := pool.QueryRow(ctx, `SELECT default_metadata_language FROM seasons WHERE content_id = $1`, seasonID).Scan(&seasonLang); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read season language: %v", err)
+	}
+	if seasonLang != "da" {
+		t.Errorf("season default_metadata_language = %q, want da", seasonLang)
+	}
+
+	episodeRepo := NewEpisodeRepository(pool)
+	episode := &models.Episode{
+		ContentID:               episodeID,
+		SeriesID:                seriesID,
+		SeasonID:                seasonID,
+		SeasonNumber:            1,
+		EpisodeNumber:           1,
+		Title:                   "Afsnit 1",
+		DefaultMetadataLanguage: "zh",
+	}
+	if err := episodeRepo.Upsert(ctx, episode); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed episode: %v", err)
+	}
+	episode.DefaultMetadataLanguage = "da"
+	if err := episodeRepo.Upsert(ctx, episode); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("restamp episode: %v", err)
+	}
+	var episodeLang string
+	if err := pool.QueryRow(ctx, `SELECT default_metadata_language FROM episodes WHERE content_id = $1`, episodeID).Scan(&episodeLang); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read episode language: %v", err)
+	}
+	if episodeLang != "da" {
+		t.Errorf("episode default_metadata_language = %q, want da", episodeLang)
+	}
+}

internal/catalog/detail.go

@@ -677,6 +677,55 @@ func (s *DetailService) PendingTranslationLanguage(ctx context.Context, item *mo
 		return ""
 	}
 	loc, err := s.itemLocRepo.Get(ctx, item.ContentID, language)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return pendingTranslationLanguageWith(item, language, loc)
+}
+
+// pendingTranslationLanguageWith is the shared core of PendingTranslationLanguage:
+// it decides the pending-translation language for an item given a pre-resolved
+// presentation language and the item's localization row (nil when none exists).
+// The batch detail path reuses it after a single bulk localization lookup so it
+// yields an identical result to the per-item method.
+func pendingTranslationLanguageWith(item *models.MediaItem, language string, loc *models.MediaItemLocalization) string {
+	if item == nil || strings.TrimSpace(item.Overview) == "" || language == "" || sameMetadataLanguage(item.DefaultMetadataLanguage, language) {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if loc != nil && loc.Overview != "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return language
+}
+
+// PendingSeasonTranslationLanguage is the season-row equivalent of
+// PendingTranslationLanguage.
+func (s *DetailService) PendingSeasonTranslationLanguage(ctx context.Context, season *models.Season, filter AccessFilter) string {
+	if season == nil || strings.TrimSpace(season.Overview) == "" || s.seasonLocRepo == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	language, err := s.resolvePresentationLanguage(ctx, filter)
+	if err != nil || language == "" || sameMetadataLanguage(season.DefaultMetadataLanguage, language) {
+		return ""
+	}
+	loc, err := s.seasonLocRepo.Get(ctx, season.ContentID, language)
+	if err != nil || (loc != nil && loc.Overview != "") {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return language
+}
+
+// PendingEpisodeTranslationLanguage is the episode-row equivalent of
+// PendingTranslationLanguage.
+func (s *DetailService) PendingEpisodeTranslationLanguage(ctx context.Context, episode *models.Episode, filter AccessFilter) string {
+	if episode == nil || strings.TrimSpace(episode.Overview) == "" || s.episodeLocRepo == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	language, err := s.resolvePresentationLanguage(ctx, filter)
+	if err != nil || language == "" || sameMetadataLanguage(episode.DefaultMetadataLanguage, language) {
+		return ""
+	}
+	loc, err := s.episodeLocRepo.Get(ctx, episode.ContentID, language)
 	if err != nil || (loc != nil && loc.Overview != "") {
 		return ""
 	}
@@ -710,10 +759,22 @@ func (s *DetailService) LocalizeItemModel(ctx context.Context, item *models.Medi
 		return cloneMediaItem(item), err
 	}
 	loc, err := s.itemLocRepo.Get(ctx, item.ContentID, language)
-	if err != nil || loc == nil {
+	if err != nil {
 		return cloneMediaItem(item), err
 	}
-	return applyItemLocalization(item, loc), nil
+	return s.localizeItemModelWith(item, language, loc), nil
+}
+
+// localizeItemModelWith applies a pre-resolved localization to item, returning a
+// clone when there is nothing to localize (no language, base language already
+// matches, no localization repo, or no localization row). Shared core of
+// LocalizeItemModel so the batch detail path produces identical models after a
+// single bulk localization lookup.
+func (s *DetailService) localizeItemModelWith(item *models.MediaItem, language string, loc *models.MediaItemLocalization) *models.MediaItem {
+	if language == "" || sameMetadataLanguage(item.DefaultMetadataLanguage, language) || s.itemLocRepo == nil || loc == nil {
+		return cloneMediaItem(item)
+	}
+	return applyItemLocalization(item, loc)
 }
 
 // LocalizeItemModels applies presentation-language localization to a batch of
@@ -842,7 +903,7 @@ func (s *DetailService) GetItemDetail(ctx context.Context, contentID string, fil
 		if err := s.validatePresentationItemAccess(ctx, filter, contentID); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		return s.buildMediaItemDetail(ctx, item, contentID, filter)
+		return s.buildMediaItemDetail(ctx, item, contentID, filter, nil)
 	case !errors.Is(err, ErrItemNotFound):
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -971,6 +1032,164 @@ func (s *DetailService) GetEpisodeDetailsForSeries(
 	return result, nil
 }
 
+// fileVersionBatchFetcher is the optional batch form of FileVersionFetcher.
+// When the configured fetcher implements it, GetItemDetailsByIDs loads every
+// page item's media files in one query instead of one per item. Fetchers that
+// don't implement it (e.g. some test fakes) transparently fall back to the
+// per-item GetByContentID path inside buildMediaItemDetail.
+type fileVersionBatchFetcher interface {
+	ListByContentIDs(ctx context.Context, contentIDs []string) (map[string][]*models.MediaFile, error)
+}
+
+// GetItemDetailsByIDs returns full item details for the given content IDs,
+// batching the shared per-item lookups that GetItemDetail otherwise issues
+// one-at-a-time: row load (GetByIDs), access checks (EnsureAccessibleIDs +
+// presentation-library membership), localization, credits, media files, and
+// work summaries. The detail produced for each id is byte-for-byte identical to
+// calling GetItemDetail(id): the same builder (buildMediaItemDetail) assembles
+// it, only fed pre-resolved inputs via itemDetailPrefetch. Any input building
+// block missing a batch form falls back to its inline per-item lookup, so the
+// output never drifts from the unbatched path.
+//
+// IDs that are not item-typed media (e.g. episodes or seasons — handled by
+// GetEpisodeDetailsForSeries / GetItemDetail respectively), are access-filtered,
+// or fail to build are simply absent from the result map, mirroring
+// GetItemDetail returning an error so callers fall back to list-level rendering.
+func (s *DetailService) GetItemDetailsByIDs(ctx context.Context, contentIDs []string, filter AccessFilter) (map[string]*ItemDetail, error) {
+	result := make(map[string]*ItemDetail, len(contentIDs))
+	if len(contentIDs) == 0 {
+		return result, nil
+	}
+
+	items, err := s.itemRepo.GetByIDs(ctx, contentIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(items) == 0 {
+		return result, nil
+	}
+
+	foundIDs := make([]string, 0, len(items))
+	for _, item := range items {
+		foundIDs = append(foundIDs, item.ContentID)
+	}
+
+	// Access checks, batched to match GetItemDetail's per-item EnsureAccessible
+	// and validatePresentationItemAccess exactly.
+	accessible, err := s.itemRepo.EnsureAccessibleIDs(ctx, foundIDs, filter)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	presentationOK := func(string) bool { return true }
+	if filter.PresentationLibraryID != nil {
+		membership, err := s.itemRepo.GetItemsInLibrary(ctx, foundIDs, *filter.PresentationLibraryID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		presentationOK = func(id string) bool { return membership[id] }
+	}
+
+	visible := make([]*models.MediaItem, 0, len(items))
+	visibleIDs := make([]string, 0, len(items))
+	nonSeriesIDs := make([]string, 0, len(items))
+	for _, item := range items {
+		if !accessible[item.ContentID] || !presentationOK(item.ContentID) {
+			continue
+		}
+		visible = append(visible, item)
+		visibleIDs = append(visibleIDs, item.ContentID)
+		if item.Type != "series" {
+			nonSeriesIDs = append(nonSeriesIDs, item.ContentID)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(visible) == 0 {
+		return result, nil
+	}
+
+	// Localization: resolve the presentation language once, then one bulk
+	// localization lookup. A resolution failure surfaces the same wrapped error
+	// GetItemDetail would produce from buildMediaItemDetail, so the caller
+	// degrades to the per-item path.
+	language, err := s.resolvePresentationLanguage(ctx, filter)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("localizing item detail: %w", err)
+	}
+	var locByID map[string]*models.MediaItemLocalization
+	if language != "" && s.itemLocRepo != nil {
+		locByID, err = s.itemLocRepo.GetByContentIDs(ctx, visibleIDs, language)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("localizing item detail: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Credits for the whole page in one query.
+	var creditsByID map[string][]models.ItemPerson
+	if s.personRepo != nil {
+		creditsByID, err = s.personRepo.ListForItems(ctx, visibleIDs)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Media files (playable versions) for non-series items in one query, when the
+	// fetcher supports batching.
+	var filesByID map[string][]*models.MediaFile
+	batchFetcher, haveFileBatch := s.fileFetcher.(fileVersionBatchFetcher)
+	if haveFileBatch && len(nonSeriesIDs) > 0 {
+		filesByID, err = batchFetcher.ListByContentIDs(ctx, nonSeriesIDs)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Work summaries for the whole page in one query, when the provider supports
+	// batching (ListSummariesForContentIDs is the documented batch equivalent of
+	// GetSummaryForContentID).
+	var workSummaries map[string]*WorkSummary
+	batchSummary, haveWorkSummaryBatch := s.workSummary.(WorkSummaryBatchProvider)
+	if haveWorkSummaryBatch {
+		workSummaries, err = batchSummary.ListSummariesForContentIDs(ctx, visibleIDs, filter)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, item := range visible {
+		id := item.ContentID
+		loc := locByID[id]
+		pending := ""
+		if s.itemLocRepo != nil {
+			pending = pendingTranslationLanguageWith(item, language, loc)
+		}
+		pf := &itemDetailPrefetch{
+			haveLocalization:   true,
+			pendingTranslation: pending,
+			localizedItem:      s.localizeItemModelWith(item, language, loc),
+			haveCredits:        s.personRepo != nil,
+		}
+		if s.personRepo != nil {
+			pf.castCredits, pf.crewCredits = splitCastCrew(s.personCredits(ctx, creditsByID[id]))
+		}
+		if item.Type != "series" && haveFileBatch {
+			pf.haveFiles = true
+			pf.files = filesByID[id]
+		}
+		if haveWorkSummaryBatch {
+			pf.haveWorkSummary = true
+			pf.workSummary = workSummaries[id]
+		}
+		detail, err := s.buildMediaItemDetail(ctx, item, id, filter, pf)
+		if err != nil {
+			// Skip rather than fail the batch; the caller falls back to list
+			// rendering for any id missing from the result, matching the
+			// per-item path where one item's build error never breaks the page.
+			continue
+		}
+		result[id] = detail
+	}
+	return result, nil
+}
+
 // fetchCredits returns cast and crew credits for the given content ID.
 func (s *DetailService) fetchCredits(ctx context.Context, contentID string) ([]CastCredit, []CrewCredit) {
 	if s.personRepo == nil {
@@ -984,14 +1203,45 @@ func (s *DetailService) fetchCredits(ctx context.Context, contentID string) ([]C
 	return splitCastCrew(credits)
 }
 
-func (s *DetailService) buildMediaItemDetail(ctx context.Context, item *models.MediaItem, contentID string, filter AccessFilter) (*ItemDetail, error) {
-	pendingTranslation := s.PendingTranslationLanguage(ctx, item, filter)
-	localizedItem, err := s.LocalizeItemModel(ctx, item, filter)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("localizing item detail: %w", err)
+// itemDetailPrefetch carries per-item lookups that GetItemDetailsByIDs resolves
+// once for a whole page so buildMediaItemDetail can skip the equivalent per-item
+// queries. Each piece is opt-in via its "have" flag: when unset, the builder
+// falls back to its normal inline lookup, so the result is byte-for-byte
+// identical to the unbatched GetItemDetail path regardless of which pieces were
+// prefetched. A nil prefetch reproduces the original per-item behavior exactly.
+type itemDetailPrefetch struct {
+	haveLocalization   bool
+	pendingTranslation string
+	localizedItem      *models.MediaItem
+	haveCredits        bool
+	castCredits        []CastCredit
+	crewCredits        []CrewCredit
+	haveFiles          bool
+	files              []*models.MediaFile
+	haveWorkSummary    bool
+	workSummary        *WorkSummary
+}
+
+func (s *DetailService) buildMediaItemDetail(ctx context.Context, item *models.MediaItem, contentID string, filter AccessFilter, pf *itemDetailPrefetch) (*ItemDetail, error) {
+	var pendingTranslation string
+	if pf != nil && pf.haveLocalization {
+		pendingTranslation = pf.pendingTranslation
+		item = pf.localizedItem
+	} else {
+		pendingTranslation = s.PendingTranslationLanguage(ctx, item, filter)
+		localizedItem, err := s.LocalizeItemModel(ctx, item, filter)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("localizing item detail: %w", err)
+		}
+		item = localizedItem
+	}
+	var castCredits []CastCredit
+	var crewCredits []CrewCredit
+	if pf != nil && pf.haveCredits {
+		castCredits, crewCredits = pf.castCredits, pf.crewCredits
+	} else {
+		castCredits, crewCredits = s.fetchCredits(ctx, contentID)
 	}
-	item = localizedItem
-	castCredits, crewCredits := s.fetchCredits(ctx, contentID)
 	detail := &ItemDetail{
 		ContentID:                  item.ContentID,
 		Type:                       item.Type,
@@ -1042,9 +1292,15 @@ func (s *DetailService) buildMediaItemDetail(ctx context.Context, item *models.M
 	// For series, each episode file shares the series content_id, so
 	// GetByContentID would return every episode — not alternate encodings.
 	if item.Type != "series" {
-		files, err := s.fileFetcher.GetByContentID(ctx, contentID)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("fetching file versions: %w", err)
+		var files []*models.MediaFile
+		if pf != nil && pf.haveFiles {
+			files = pf.files
+		} else {
+			fetched, err := s.fileFetcher.GetByContentID(ctx, contentID)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("fetching file versions: %w", err)
+			}
+			files = fetched
 		}
 
 		files = FilterMediaFilesByAccess(files, filter)
@@ -1115,7 +1371,11 @@ func (s *DetailService) buildMediaItemDetail(ctx context.Context, item *models.M
 		}
 	}
 
-	applyWorkSummary(ctx, detail, s.workSummary, filter)
+	if pf != nil && pf.haveWorkSummary {
+		applyWorkSummaryValue(detail, pf.workSummary)
+	} else {
+		applyWorkSummary(ctx, detail, s.workSummary, filter)
+	}
 	return detail, nil
 }
 
@@ -1124,7 +1384,17 @@ func applyWorkSummary(ctx context.Context, detail *ItemDetail, provider WorkSumm
 		return
 	}
 	summary, err := provider.GetSummaryForContentID(ctx, detail.ContentID, filter)
-	if err != nil || summary == nil {
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	applyWorkSummaryValue(detail, summary)
+}
+
+// applyWorkSummaryValue copies a resolved work summary onto the detail. Shared by
+// the per-item (applyWorkSummary) and batched (GetItemDetailsByIDs) paths so a
+// summary fetched in bulk applies identically. A nil summary is a no-op.
+func applyWorkSummaryValue(detail *ItemDetail, summary *WorkSummary) {
+	if detail == nil || summary == nil {
 		return
 	}
 	detail.WorkID = summary.WorkID
@@ -1755,6 +2025,7 @@ func clearSentinel(s string) string {
 }
 
 func (s *DetailService) buildSeasonDetail(ctx context.Context, season *models.Season, filter AccessFilter) (*ItemDetail, error) {
+	pendingTranslation := s.PendingSeasonTranslationLanguage(ctx, season, filter)
 	localizedSeason, err := s.LocalizeSeasonModel(ctx, season, filter)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("localizing season detail: %w", err)
@@ -1790,22 +2061,23 @@ func (s *DetailService) buildSeasonDetail(ctx context.Context, season *models.Se
 	seasonNumber := season.SeasonNumber
 	castCredits, crewCredits := s.fetchCredits(ctx, season.SeriesID)
 	detail := &ItemDetail{
-		ContentID:         season.ContentID,
-		Type:              "season",
-		Title:             title,
-		Overview:          season.Overview,
-		PosterThumbhash:   season.PosterThumbhash,
-		BackdropThumbhash: series.BackdropThumbhash,
-		SeriesID:          season.SeriesID,
-		SeriesTitle:       series.Title,
-		SeasonNumber:      &seasonNumber,
-		EpisodeCount:      &episodeCount,
-		IsSpecials:        season.SeasonNumber == 0,
-		Cast:              castCredits,
-		Crew:              crewCredits,
-		Versions:          []FileVersion{},
-		PlaybackVariants:  []PlaybackVariant{},
-		Subtitles:         []SubtitleInfo{},
+		ContentID:                  season.ContentID,
+		Type:                       "season",
+		Title:                      title,
+		Overview:                   season.Overview,
+		PendingTranslationLanguage: pendingTranslation,
+		PosterThumbhash:            season.PosterThumbhash,
+		BackdropThumbhash:          series.BackdropThumbhash,
+		SeriesID:                   season.SeriesID,
+		SeriesTitle:                series.Title,
+		SeasonNumber:               &seasonNumber,
+		EpisodeCount:               &episodeCount,
+		IsSpecials:                 season.SeasonNumber == 0,
+		Cast:                       castCredits,
+		Crew:                       crewCredits,
+		Versions:                   []FileVersion{},
+		PlaybackVariants:           []PlaybackVariant{},
+		Subtitles:                  []SubtitleInfo{},
 	}
 	if season.AirDate != nil {
 		airDate := season.AirDate.Format("2006-01-02")
@@ -1818,6 +2090,7 @@ func (s *DetailService) buildSeasonDetail(ctx context.Context, season *models.Se
 }
 
 func (s *DetailService) buildEpisodeDetail(ctx context.Context, episode *models.Episode, seriesCtx *seriesDetailContext, filter AccessFilter) (*ItemDetail, error) {
+	pendingTranslation := s.PendingEpisodeTranslationLanguage(ctx, episode, filter)
 	localizedEpisode, err := s.LocalizeEpisodeModel(ctx, episode, filter)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("localizing episode detail: %w", err)
@@ -1828,27 +2101,28 @@ func (s *DetailService) buildEpisodeDetail(ctx context.Context, episode *models.
 	seasonNumber := episode.SeasonNumber
 	episodeNumber := episode.EpisodeNumber
 	detail := &ItemDetail{
-		ContentID:         episode.ContentID,
-		Type:              "episode",
-		Title:             episode.Title,
-		Overview:          episode.Overview,
-		Runtime:           episode.Runtime,
-		RatingIMDB:        episode.RatingIMDB,
-		RatingTMDB:        episode.RatingTMDB,
-		ImdbID:            episode.ImdbID,
-		TmdbID:            episode.TmdbID,
-		TvdbID:            episode.TvdbID,
-		PosterThumbhash:   episode.StillThumbhash,
-		BackdropThumbhash: series.BackdropThumbhash,
-		SeriesID:          episode.SeriesID,
-		SeriesTitle:       series.Title,
-		SeasonNumber:      &seasonNumber,
-		EpisodeNumber:     &episodeNumber,
-		Cast:              seriesCtx.castCredits,
-		Crew:              seriesCtx.crewCredits,
-		Versions:          []FileVersion{},
-		PlaybackVariants:  []PlaybackVariant{},
-		Subtitles:         []SubtitleInfo{},
+		ContentID:                  episode.ContentID,
+		Type:                       "episode",
+		Title:                      episode.Title,
+		Overview:                   episode.Overview,
+		PendingTranslationLanguage: pendingTranslation,
+		Runtime:                    episode.Runtime,
+		RatingIMDB:                 episode.RatingIMDB,
+		RatingTMDB:                 episode.RatingTMDB,
+		ImdbID:                     episode.ImdbID,
+		TmdbID:                     episode.TmdbID,
+		TvdbID:                     episode.TvdbID,
+		PosterThumbhash:            episode.StillThumbhash,
+		BackdropThumbhash:          series.BackdropThumbhash,
+		SeriesID:                   episode.SeriesID,
+		SeriesTitle:                series.Title,
+		SeasonNumber:               &seasonNumber,
+		EpisodeNumber:              &episodeNumber,
+		Cast:                       seriesCtx.castCredits,
+		Crew:                       seriesCtx.crewCredits,
+		Versions:                   []FileVersion{},
+		PlaybackVariants:           []PlaybackVariant{},
+		Subtitles:                  []SubtitleInfo{},
 	}
 	if episode.AirDate != nil {
 		airDate := episode.AirDate.Format("2006-01-02")

internal/catalog/detail_batch_equivalence_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+package catalog
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool"
+
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/models"
+)
+
+// batchEquivFileFetcher is a FileVersionFetcher (and the optional batch
+// fileVersionBatchFetcher) backed by one in-memory map. Serving both the
+// per-item GetByContentID and the batched ListByContentIDs from the same
+// backing data is exactly how the real scanner.FileRepository behaves: the two
+// methods return the same files for a given content ID. This lets the
+// equivalence test prove that GetItemDetailsByIDs routes prefetched files into
+// buildMediaItemDetail identically to the per-item GetItemDetail path, without
+// pulling the scanner package in (which would create an import cycle).
+type batchEquivFileFetcher struct {
+	files map[string][]*models.MediaFile
+}
+
+func (f *batchEquivFileFetcher) GetByContentID(_ context.Context, contentID string) ([]*models.MediaFile, error) {
+	return f.files[contentID], nil
+}
+
+func (f *batchEquivFileFetcher) GetByEpisodeID(_ context.Context, _ string) ([]*models.MediaFile, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func (f *batchEquivFileFetcher) ListByContentIDs(_ context.Context, contentIDs []string) (map[string][]*models.MediaFile, error) {
+	out := make(map[string][]*models.MediaFile, len(contentIDs))
+	for _, id := range contentIDs {
+		if files, ok := f.files[id]; ok {
+			out[id] = files
+		}
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// batchEquivWorkSummaryProvider implements both the per-item
+// WorkSummaryProvider and the batched WorkSummaryBatchProvider from one backing
+// map, the same contract literaryworks.Repository satisfies in production. As
+// with files, this proves the batch path's work-summary routing matches the
+// per-item path without importing literaryworks (import cycle).
+type batchEquivWorkSummaryProvider struct {
+	summaries map[string]*WorkSummary
+}
+
+func (p *batchEquivWorkSummaryProvider) GetSummaryForContentID(_ context.Context, contentID string, _ AccessFilter) (*WorkSummary, error) {
+	return p.summaries[contentID], nil
+}
+
+func (p *batchEquivWorkSummaryProvider) ListSummariesForContentIDs(_ context.Context, contentIDs []string, _ AccessFilter) (map[string]*WorkSummary, error) {
+	out := make(map[string]*WorkSummary, len(contentIDs))
+	for _, id := range contentIDs {
+		if s, ok := p.summaries[id]; ok {
+			out[id] = s
+		}
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func newBatchEquivTestPool(t *testing.T) *pgxpool.Pool {
+	t.Helper()
+	dsn := os.Getenv("SILO_TEST_DATABASE_URL")
+	if dsn == "" {
+		t.Skip("SILO_TEST_DATABASE_URL is not set")
+	}
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	pool, err := pgxpool.New(ctx, dsn)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("connect test database: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(pool.Close)
+	var tableName *string
+	if err := pool.QueryRow(ctx, `SELECT to_regclass('public.media_items')::text`).Scan(&tableName); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("check media_items table: %v", err)
+	}
+	if tableName == nil || *tableName == "" {
+		t.Skip("test database has not applied base schema")
+	}
+	return pool
+}
+
+func batchEquivExec(t *testing.T, pool *pgxpool.Pool, sql string, args ...any) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if _, err := pool.Exec(context.Background(), sql, args...); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed (%s): %v", sql, err)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestGetItemDetailsByIDs_MatchesGetItemDetail exercises the REAL
+// DetailService.GetItemDetailsByIDs against the REAL per-item GetItemDetail over
+// shared in-memory/real repositories, asserting per-id deep equality of the
+// returned *ItemDetail.
+//
+// Unlike the jellycompat handler test (which stubs the content service so both
+// paths return the same canned *ItemDetail), this drives the genuinely-batched
+// repository code: ItemRepository.GetByIDs vs GetByID, EnsureAccessibleIDs vs
+// EnsureAccessible, MediaItemLocalizationRepository.GetByContentIDs vs Get, and
+// PersonRepository.ListForItems vs ListForItem all run against a real Postgres.
+// Media files and work summaries route through interface fakes that serve the
+// batch and per-item method shapes from one backing map (mirroring the real
+// FileRepository / literaryworks.Repository), so the file/work-summary
+// prefetch wiring is compared too.
+//
+// Equivalence axes covered, with a mixed movie+movie+series dataset:
+//   - access checks (EnsureAccessibleIDs vs EnsureAccessible), incl. an
+//     access-filtered R-rated item asserted ABSENT from the batch map and
+//     rejected by per-item GetItemDetail;
+//   - localization: a movie with an fr localization row (localized title/
+//     overview path) alongside a movie that has none (nil short-circuit) and
+//     a pending-translation-language case;
+//   - credits ordering (ListForItems vs ListForItem) on the first movie;
+//   - media files (ListByContentIDs vs GetByContentID) on the first movie;
+//   - work summary (ListSummariesForContentIDs vs GetSummaryForContentID) on
+//     the series.
+func TestGetItemDetailsByIDs_MatchesGetItemDetail(t *testing.T) {
+	pool := newBatchEquivTestPool(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	suffix := time.Now().UnixNano()
+	movieA := fmt.Sprintf("batch-equiv-movie-a-%d", suffix)
+	movieB := fmt.Sprintf("batch-equiv-movie-b-%d", suffix)
+	series := fmt.Sprintf("batch-equiv-series-%d", suffix)
+	movieR := fmt.Sprintf("batch-equiv-movie-r-%d", suffix)
+	personActor1 := suffix
+	personActor2 := suffix + 1
+	personDirector := suffix + 2
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		ids := []string{movieA, movieB, series, movieR}
+		batchEquivExec(t, pool, `DELETE FROM item_people WHERE content_id = ANY($1)`, ids)
+		batchEquivExec(t, pool, `DELETE FROM people WHERE id = ANY($1)`, []int64{personActor1, personActor2, personDirector})
+		batchEquivExec(t, pool, `DELETE FROM media_item_localizations WHERE content_id = ANY($1)`, ids)
+		batchEquivExec(t, pool, `DELETE FROM media_items WHERE content_id = ANY($1)`, ids)
+	})
+
+	insertItem := func(contentID, mediaType, title, overview, rating string) {
+		batchEquivExec(t, pool, `
+			INSERT INTO media_items (content_id, type, title, genres, overview, content_rating, default_metadata_language)
+			VALUES ($1, $2, $3, '{}'::text[], $4, $5, 'en')
+		`, contentID, mediaType, title, overview, rating)
+	}
+	// movieA: localized into fr, credited, has files. content_rating PG -> visible.
+	insertItem(movieA, "movie", "Movie A", "Movie A overview (en)", "PG")
+	// movieB: overview present, default lang en, NO fr localization row -> the
+	// pending-translation-language path must fire and match between paths.
+	insertItem(movieB, "movie", "Movie B", "Movie B overview (en)", "PG")
+	// series: has a work summary, no playable files (series skip the file path).
+	insertItem(series, "series", "Series One", "Series overview (en)", "PG")
+	// movieR: R-rated -> filtered out by MaxContentRating=PG-13 on BOTH paths.
+	insertItem(movieR, "movie", "Movie R", "Movie R overview (en)", "R")
+
+	// fr localization for movieA only.
+	batchEquivExec(t, pool, `
+		INSERT INTO media_item_localizations (
+			content_id, language, title, sort_title, overview, tagline,
+			poster_path, poster_source_path, poster_thumbhash,
+			backdrop_path, backdrop_source_path, backdrop_thumbhash,
+			logo_path, logo_source_path, overview_source, tagline_source
+		)
+		VALUES ($1, 'fr', 'Film A', '', 'Synopsis du film A (fr)', '',
+			'', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', 'manual', 'manual')
+	`, movieA)
+
+	// Credits on movieA: two actors (cast) + one director (crew). Seeded with
+	// sort_order so ListForItems / ListForItem ordering parity is observable.
+	insertPerson := func(id int64, name string) {
+		batchEquivExec(t, pool, `INSERT INTO people (id, name) VALUES ($1, $2)`, id, name)
+	}
+	insertPerson(personActor1, "Lead Actor")
+	insertPerson(personActor2, "Supporting Actor")
+	insertPerson(personDirector, "The Director")
+	insertCredit := func(id, personID int64, kind models.PersonKind, character string, order int) {
+		batchEquivExec(t, pool, `
+			INSERT INTO item_people (id, person_id, content_id, kind, character, sort_order)
+			VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6)
+		`, id, personID, movieA, int16(kind), character, order)
+	}
+	insertCredit(personActor1, personActor1, models.PersonKindActor, "Hero", 0)
+	insertCredit(personActor2, personActor2, models.PersonKindActor, "Sidekick", 1)
+	insertCredit(personDirector, personDirector, models.PersonKindDirector, "", 0)
+
+	fileFetcher := &batchEquivFileFetcher{files: map[string][]*models.MediaFile{
+		movieA: {
+			{ID: 9001, ContentID: movieA, FilePath: "/media/movie-a-1080p.mkv", Container: "mkv", Resolution: "1080p", Duration: 6000, FileSize: 5_000_000},
+			{ID: 9002, ContentID: movieA, FilePath: "/media/movie-a-720p.mkv", Container: "mkv", Resolution: "720p", Duration: 6000, FileSize: 2_000_000},
+		},
+	}}
+	workSummaries := &batchEquivWorkSummaryProvider{summaries: map[string]*WorkSummary{
+		series: {
+			WorkID: "work-series-1",
+			Title:  "Series One Work",
+			Formats: []WorkFormatSummary{
+				{Type: "series", ContentID: series, LibraryID: 3},
+			},
+		},
+	}}
+
+	newService := func() *DetailService {
+		svc := NewDetailService(
+			NewItemRepository(pool),
+			NewEpisodeRepository(pool),
+			NewSeasonRepository(pool),
+			NewPersonRepository(pool),
+			fileFetcher,
+		)
+		svc.SetWorkSummaryProvider(workSummaries)
+		return svc
+	}
+
+	// Single shared access filter for BOTH paths: PG-13 ceiling (so PG items are
+	// visible, the R item is not) and an explicit fr presentation language (so
+	// the localization path actually runs rather than short-circuiting).
+	filter := AccessFilter{
+		PresentationLanguage: "fr",
+		MaxContentRating:     "PG-13",
+		UserID:               1,
+		ProfileID:            "profile-1",
+	}
+
+	visibleIDs := []string{movieA, movieB, series}
+	allIDs := []string{movieA, movieB, series, movieR}
+
+	batch, err := newService().GetItemDetailsByIDs(ctx, allIDs, filter)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("GetItemDetailsByIDs: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Access-control parity: the R-rated item must be absent from the batch map
+	// and rejected by per-item GetItemDetail, i.e. EnsureAccessibleIDs and
+	// EnsureAccessible agree.
+	if _, present := batch[movieR]; present {
+		t.Fatalf("access-filtered item %s present in batch result", movieR)
+	}
+	if _, err := newService().GetItemDetail(ctx, movieR, filter); err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("per-item GetItemDetail(%s) succeeded, want access rejection", movieR)
+	}
+
+	for _, id := range visibleIDs {
+		batchDetail, ok := batch[id]
+		if !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("id %s missing from batch result", id)
+		}
+		perItem, err := newService().GetItemDetail(ctx, id, filter)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("GetItemDetail(%s): %v", id, err)
+		}
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(batchDetail, perItem) {
+			t.Fatalf("detail mismatch for %s:\nbatch:   %#v\nperItem: %#v", id, batchDetail, perItem)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Guard that the distinguishing data actually landed (otherwise the deep
+	// equality above could pass vacuously on empty details).
+	if got := batch[movieA]; got.Title != "Film A" || got.Overview != "Synopsis du film A (fr)" {
+		t.Fatalf("movieA not localized into fr: title=%q overview=%q", got.Title, got.Overview)
+	}
+	if got := batch[movieA]; len(got.Cast) != 2 || len(got.Crew) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("movieA credits = %d cast / %d crew, want 2/1", len(got.Cast), len(got.Crew))
+	}
+	if got := batch[movieA]; got.Cast[0].Character != "Hero" || got.Cast[1].Character != "Sidekick" {
+		t.Fatalf("movieA cast order = %q,%q, want Hero,Sidekick", got.Cast[0].Character, got.Cast[1].Character)
+	}
+	if got := batch[movieA]; len(got.Versions) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("movieA versions = %d, want 2 (file prefetch not applied)", len(got.Versions))
+	}
+	if got := batch[movieB]; got.PendingTranslationLanguage != "fr" {
+		t.Fatalf("movieB pending translation language = %q, want fr", got.PendingTranslationLanguage)
+	}
+	if got := batch[series]; got.WorkID != "work-series-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("series work summary not applied: WorkID=%q", got.WorkID)
+	}
+}

internal/catalog/encrypted_settings_repo.go

@@ -108,6 +108,9 @@ var SensitiveSettingKeys = map[string]bool{
 	// value by the notifications system; clients receive the public half via
 	// the capability endpoint, never from the settings store).
 	"notifications.web_push.vapid_keypair": true,
+
+	// Silo push relay bearer credential for APNs/FCM delivery.
+	"notifications.push_relay_api_key": true,
 }
 
 // EncryptedSettingsRepo decorates a raw settings store, transparently

internal/catalog/encrypted_settings_repo_test.go

@@ -158,6 +158,7 @@ func TestSensitiveSettingKeys_Audited(t *testing.T) {
 		"discord.client_secret",
 		"discord.bot_token",
 		"notifications.web_push.vapid_keypair",
+		"notifications.push_relay_api_key",
 	}
 	for _, k := range mustHave {
 		if !SensitiveSettingKeys[k] {

internal/catalog/episode_catalog_entries_executor.go

@@ -32,6 +32,31 @@ type episodeCatalogUserStatePlan struct {
 	requireProgressRatio bool
 }
 
+// applyEpisodeCatalogAccessFilter applies the section access constraints the
+// episode_catalog_entries table supports. The table has no `type` column, so
+// the compat audiobook/podcast media-type exclusion cannot be expressed here:
+// emitting `NOT (ece.type = ANY(...))` raised SQLSTATE 42703 and degraded the
+// whole query to empty. The exclusion is therefore dropped on this path.
+//
+// Dropping it is NOT a no-op masquerading as cosmetic: episode_catalog_entries
+// is NOT episodes-of-TV-series only — episode_libraries is populated from any
+// media_files row with a non-null episode_id, so podcast episodes
+// (media_items.type = 'podcast') also land here. What keeps non-TV episodes out
+// of episode-scoped results is library scoping plus the `si.type = 'series'`
+// guard in episodeCatalogSelectBody (hydration), not the media-type clause.
+// content_rating filtering is preserved here (that column exists).
+//
+// Because hydration's si.type='series' guard drops non-series rows AFTER the
+// page/count scans select them, the scan and hydration would otherwise diverge:
+// pages could under-fill and TotalRecordCount could count rows that never
+// render. episodeCatalogSeriesParentGuard re-expresses that same constraint at
+// the entry-scan level so both queries stay aligned with hydration.
+func applyEpisodeCatalogAccessFilter(access AccessFilter, whereParts *[]string, args *[]any, argIdx *int) {
+	access.ExcludedMediaTypes = nil // access is a value param; caller unaffected
+	ApplySectionAccessFilter("ece", access, whereParts, args, argIdx)
+	*whereParts = append(*whereParts, episodeCatalogSeriesParentGuard)
+}
+
 func (e *QueryExecutor) tryEpisodeCatalogUserStatePreviewPage(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	def QueryDefinition,
@@ -84,7 +109,7 @@ func (e *QueryExecutor) tryEpisodeCatalogUserStatePreviewPage(
 		argIdx++
 	}
 
-	ApplySectionAccessFilter("ece", access, &whereParts, &args, &argIdx)
+	applyEpisodeCatalogAccessFilter(access, &whereParts, &args, &argIdx)
 
 	if e.SnapshotAt != nil {
 		whereParts = append(whereParts, fmt.Sprintf("ece.episode_created_at <= $%d", argIdx))
@@ -242,7 +267,7 @@ func (e *QueryExecutor) tryEpisodeCatalogEntriesPreviewPage(
 		argIdx++
 	}
 
-	ApplySectionAccessFilter("ece", access, &whereParts, &args, &argIdx)
+	applyEpisodeCatalogAccessFilter(access, &whereParts, &args, &argIdx)
 
 	if e.SnapshotAt != nil {
 		whereParts = append(whereParts, fmt.Sprintf("ece.episode_created_at <= $%d", argIdx))

internal/catalog/episode_catalog_select_body_test.go

@@ -45,6 +45,31 @@ func TestEpisodeCatalogSelectBodyExposesQualifiedColumns(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// TestEpisodeCatalogSelectBodyExcludesNonSeriesEpisodes guards the invariant
+// that the episode catalog only ever hydrates episodes whose parent is a TV
+// series. episode_libraries (and episode_catalog_entries) also contain podcast
+// episodes (media_items.type = 'podcast'); the `si.type = 'series'` predicate in
+// episodeCatalogSelectBody is what keeps those non-TV rows out of episode-scoped
+// results regardless of which library a query resolves. Dropping it would let
+// podcast/audiobook episodes surface in a TV "episode" rail (fail-open).
+func TestEpisodeCatalogSelectBodyExcludesNonSeriesEpisodes(t *testing.T) {
+	if !strings.Contains(episodeCatalogBaseRelation, "si.type = 'series'") {
+		t.Fatalf("episodeCatalogBaseRelation must guard si.type = 'series' so non-TV "+
+			"(podcast/audiobook) episodes never hydrate; got %q", episodeCatalogBaseRelation)
+	}
+
+	// The library-scoped relation and the hydration relation render from the same
+	// template, so the guard must travel with every rendering.
+	scoped, _, handled := episodeCatalogBaseRelationForLibraries([]int{2}, nil, 1)
+	if !handled {
+		t.Fatal("expected episode library scope to be handled")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(scoped, "si.type = 'series'") {
+		t.Fatalf("library-scoped episode relation must keep the si.type = 'series' "+
+			"guard; got %q", scoped)
+	}
+}
+
 // columnsReferencedOnAlias returns every distinct column referenced as
 // "<alias>.<column>" within projection (e.g. mi.air_timezone -> air_timezone).
 func columnsReferencedOnAlias(projection, alias string) map[string]bool {

internal/catalog/episode_catalog_source.go

@@ -5,6 +5,18 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 )
 
+// episodeCatalogSelectBody is the hand-written subquery that hydrates episode
+// rows for the "episode" media scope, aliased "mi" so the shared catalog
+// projection can read it. The `si.type = 'series'` predicate is load-bearing,
+// not cosmetic: episode_libraries (and thus episode_catalog_entries) is
+// populated from every media_files row with a non-null episode_id, including
+// podcast episodes (media_items.type = 'podcast'). Without this guard those
+// non-TV episodes would hydrate into episode-scoped results, e.g. when a
+// library-scoped episode query happens to resolve a podcast/audiobook folder.
+// Restricting hydration to series-parented episodes keeps the episode catalog
+// to genuine TV episodes on every surface (native and Jellyfin-compat). Real
+// TV episodes always hang off a type='series' parent, so this never
+// over-filters legitimate episode sections.
 const episodeCatalogSelectBody = `(
 	SELECT
 		e.content_id,
@@ -63,9 +75,27 @@ const episodeCatalogSelectBody = `(
 	FROM episodes e
 	JOIN media_items si ON si.content_id = e.series_id
 	LEFT JOIN seasons s ON s.content_id = e.season_id
-	WHERE %s
+	WHERE (%s)
+	  AND si.type = 'series'
 ) mi`
 
+// episodeCatalogSeriesParentGuard mirrors the load-bearing `si.type = 'series'`
+// predicate in episodeCatalogSelectBody, but expressed against an entry-scan row
+// (ece.episode_id) instead of the hydration join. episode_catalog_entries rows
+// can reference episodes parented to non-series media_items (e.g. podcast
+// episodes), which hydration silently drops. Applying this same constraint to
+// the page and count scans keeps them aligned with hydration so pages never
+// under-fill and TotalRecordCount never counts rows that can't hydrate. It binds
+// no parameters, so it can be appended to any whereParts list without touching
+// the argument index.
+const episodeCatalogSeriesParentGuard = `EXISTS (
+		SELECT 1
+		FROM episodes e
+		JOIN media_items si ON si.content_id = e.series_id
+		WHERE e.content_id = ece.episode_id
+		  AND si.type = 'series'
+	)`
+
 const episodeCatalogActiveLibraryExists = `EXISTS (
 		SELECT 1
 		FROM episode_libraries el

internal/catalog/episode_repo.go

@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ func (r *EpisodeRepository) Upsert(ctx context.Context, ep *models.Episode) erro
 		ON CONFLICT (series_id, season_number, episode_number) DO UPDATE SET
 			season_id = COALESCE(EXCLUDED.season_id, episodes.season_id),
 			title = EXCLUDED.title,
-			default_metadata_language = COALESCE(NULLIF(episodes.default_metadata_language, ''), EXCLUDED.default_metadata_language),
+			default_metadata_language = COALESCE(NULLIF(EXCLUDED.default_metadata_language, ''), episodes.default_metadata_language),
 			overview = EXCLUDED.overview,
 			air_date = EXCLUDED.air_date,
 			runtime = EXCLUDED.runtime,
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ func (r *EpisodeRepository) BulkUpsert(ctx context.Context, seriesID string, epi
 		ON CONFLICT (series_id, season_number, episode_number) DO UPDATE SET
 			season_id = COALESCE(EXCLUDED.season_id, episodes.season_id),
 			title = EXCLUDED.title,
-			default_metadata_language = COALESCE(NULLIF(episodes.default_metadata_language, ''), EXCLUDED.default_metadata_language),
+			default_metadata_language = COALESCE(NULLIF(EXCLUDED.default_metadata_language, ''), episodes.default_metadata_language),
 			overview = EXCLUDED.overview,
 			air_date = EXCLUDED.air_date,
 			runtime = EXCLUDED.runtime,
@@ -827,6 +827,50 @@ func (r *EpisodeRepository) ListBySeason(ctx context.Context, seriesID string, s
 	return scanEpisodes(rows)
 }
 
+// ListAdjacentInSeries returns the episode at (seasonNumber, episodeNumber)
+// together with its immediate previous and next available neighbors within the
+// series, in natural (season, episode) order. It is the bounded backing query
+// for Jellyfin's AdjacentTo request (Wholphin autoplay/skip): instead of
+// materializing every episode of the series, each neighbor is found with a
+// bounded index range scan backed by the episodes_series_season_episode_key
+// UNIQUE index (series_id, season_number, episode_number). Neighbors are
+// resolved across season boundaries, so the result is at most three rows.
+func (r *EpisodeRepository) ListAdjacentInSeries(ctx context.Context, seriesID string, seasonNumber, episodeNumber int) ([]*models.Episode, error) {
+	query := `SELECT ` + episodeColumns + ` FROM (
+		(SELECT ` + episodeColumns + `
+			FROM episodes
+			WHERE series_id = $1
+			  AND (season_number, episode_number) < ($2, $3)
+			  AND ` + episodeAvailabilityPredicate + `
+			ORDER BY season_number DESC, episode_number DESC
+			LIMIT 1)
+		UNION ALL
+		(SELECT ` + episodeColumns + `
+			FROM episodes
+			WHERE series_id = $1
+			  AND season_number = $2
+			  AND episode_number = $3
+			  AND ` + episodeAvailabilityPredicate + `)
+		UNION ALL
+		(SELECT ` + episodeColumns + `
+			FROM episodes
+			WHERE series_id = $1
+			  AND (season_number, episode_number) > ($2, $3)
+			  AND ` + episodeAvailabilityPredicate + `
+			ORDER BY season_number ASC, episode_number ASC
+			LIMIT 1)
+	) AS adjacent
+	ORDER BY season_number ASC, episode_number ASC`
+
+	rows, err := r.pool.Query(ctx, query, seriesID, seasonNumber, episodeNumber)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("listing adjacent episodes in series: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+
+	return scanEpisodes(rows)
+}
+
 // ListBySeasonID returns all episodes for a specific season row, ordered by
 // episode number.
 func (r *EpisodeRepository) ListBySeasonID(ctx context.Context, seasonID string) ([]*models.Episode, error) {

internal/catalog/item_repo.go

@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ func (r *ItemRepository) upsert(ctx context.Context, execer itemExecer, item *mo
 			type = EXCLUDED.type,
 			title = EXCLUDED.title,
 			sort_title = EXCLUDED.sort_title,
-			default_metadata_language = COALESCE(NULLIF(media_items.default_metadata_language, ''), EXCLUDED.default_metadata_language),
+			default_metadata_language = COALESCE(NULLIF(EXCLUDED.default_metadata_language, ''), media_items.default_metadata_language),
 			original_title = EXCLUDED.original_title,
 			year = EXCLUDED.year,
 			genres = EXCLUDED.genres,
@@ -1333,6 +1333,69 @@ func (r *ItemRepository) EnsureAccessible(ctx context.Context, contentID string,
 	return nil
 }
 
+// EnsureAccessibleIDs is the batch form of EnsureAccessible: it returns the set
+// of content IDs from the input that the viewer may access, applying the exact
+// same predicates (library allow/deny via the single JOIN form, max content
+// rating, excluded media types). An item is accessible iff at least one
+// media_items row — joined per library link when a library filter is active —
+// satisfies the predicates, matching EnsureAccessible's `LIMIT 1` semantics.
+// IDs absent from the returned map are not accessible (mirrors EnsureAccessible
+// returning ErrItemNotFound). Used by GetItemDetailsByIDs to avoid a per-item
+// EnsureAccessible fan-out.
+func (r *ItemRepository) EnsureAccessibleIDs(ctx context.Context, contentIDs []string, filter AccessFilter) (map[string]bool, error) {
+	result := make(map[string]bool, len(contentIDs))
+	if len(contentIDs) == 0 {
+		return result, nil
+	}
+	// An empty (non-nil) allowlist means "no libraries allowed" — nothing is
+	// accessible, exactly as EnsureAccessible returns ErrItemNotFound.
+	if filter.AllowedLibraryIDs != nil && len(filter.AllowedLibraryIDs) == 0 {
+		return result, nil
+	}
+
+	var conditions []string
+	var args []any
+	argIdx := 1
+
+	fromClause := "media_items mi"
+	conditions = append(conditions, fmt.Sprintf("mi.content_id = ANY($%d)", argIdx))
+	args = append(args, contentIDs)
+	argIdx++
+
+	needsLibJoin := filter.AllowedLibraryIDs != nil || len(filter.DisabledLibraryIDs) > 0
+	if filter.AllowedLibraryIDs != nil {
+		conditions = append(conditions, fmt.Sprintf("mil.media_folder_id = ANY($%d)", argIdx))
+		args = append(args, filter.AllowedLibraryIDs)
+		argIdx++
+	}
+	if len(filter.DisabledLibraryIDs) > 0 {
+		conditions = append(conditions, fmt.Sprintf("NOT (mil.media_folder_id = ANY($%d))", argIdx))
+		args = append(args, filter.DisabledLibraryIDs)
+		argIdx++
+	}
+	if needsLibJoin {
+		fromClause = "media_items mi JOIN media_item_libraries mil ON mi.content_id = mil.content_id"
+	}
+
+	applyAccessFilter("mi", AccessFilter{MaxContentRating: filter.MaxContentRating, ExcludedMediaTypes: filter.ExcludedMediaTypes}, &conditions, &args, &argIdx)
+
+	query := fmt.Sprintf("SELECT DISTINCT mi.content_id FROM %s WHERE %s", fromClause, strings.Join(conditions, " AND "))
+	rows, err := r.pool.Query(ctx, query, args...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("checking items access: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var id string
+		if err := rows.Scan(&id); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("scanning item access row: %w", err)
+		}
+		result[id] = true
+	}
+	return result, rows.Err()
+}
+
 // GetItemsInLibrary returns a membership map for the provided content IDs within
 // a single library. Episode content IDs are matched directly against
 // episode_libraries so compat callers can filter mixed item/episode batches.

internal/catalog/nextup_repo.go

@@ -199,6 +199,7 @@ func buildListNextUpQuery(q NextUpQuery, limit int) (string, []interface{}) {
 				  WHERE uwp2.user_id = $1
 				    AND uwp2.profile_id = $2
 				    AND uwp2.media_item_id = e2.content_id
+				    AND (uwp2.completed = TRUE OR uwp2.position_seconds > 0)
 			  )
 			ORDER BY e2.season_number, e2.episode_number
 			LIMIT 1

internal/catalog/nextup_repo_test.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ func TestBuildListNextUpQuery_PrefersRecentCompletedOverOlderPartialProgress(t *
 		"uwp_ip.updated_at > ce.updated_at",
 		"FROM user_history_hidden_items hhi",
 		"uwp.updated_at <= hhi.hidden_before",
+		"AND (uwp2.completed = TRUE OR uwp2.position_seconds > 0)",
 		"ORDER BY e.series_id, uwp.updated_at DESC, e.season_number DESC, e.episode_number DESC",
 		"LIMIT $3",
 	}

internal/catalog/person_merge_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+package catalog
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/models"
+)
+
+func TestConflictingExternalID(t *testing.T) {
+	p := models.Person{TmdbID: "111", ImdbID: "nm222"}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		constraint string
+		wantField  string
+		wantValue  string
+		wantOK     bool
+	}{
+		{"tmdb", "idx_people_tmdb_id", "tmdb_id", "111", true},
+		{"imdb", "idx_people_imdb_id", "imdb_id", "nm222", true},
+		{"unknown constraint", "idx_people_name", "", "", false},
+		{"empty constraint", "", "", "", false},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			field, value, ok := conflictingExternalID(tt.constraint, p)
+			if field != tt.wantField || value != tt.wantValue || ok != tt.wantOK {
+				t.Fatalf("conflictingExternalID(%q) = (%q,%q,%v), want (%q,%q,%v)",
+					tt.constraint, field, value, ok, tt.wantField, tt.wantValue, tt.wantOK)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+	// A blank id must never be reported as the conflict source.
+	if _, _, ok := conflictingExternalID("idx_people_tmdb_id", models.Person{}); ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected ok=false when the conflicting field is empty")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExternalIDsCompatible(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		a, b models.Person
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "tmdb-only vs imdb-only (the core dedup case)",
+			a:    models.Person{TmdbID: "111", ImdbID: "nm9"},
+			b:    models.Person{ImdbID: "nm9"},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "identical ids",
+			a:    models.Person{TmdbID: "111", ImdbID: "nm9"},
+			b:    models.Person{TmdbID: "111", ImdbID: "nm9"},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "conflicting tmdb ids",
+			a:    models.Person{TmdbID: "111", ImdbID: "nm9"},
+			b:    models.Person{TmdbID: "999", ImdbID: "nm9"},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "conflicting tvdb ids",
+			a:    models.Person{ImdbID: "nm9", TvdbID: "5"},
+			b:    models.Person{ImdbID: "nm9", TvdbID: "6"},
+			want: false,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := externalIDsCompatible(tt.a, tt.b); got != tt.want {
+				t.Fatalf("externalIDsCompatible = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCanMergePeople(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		a, b models.Person
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "same name, compatible ids -> merge",
+			a:    models.Person{Name: "Jane Doe", TmdbID: "111"},
+			b:    models.Person{Name: "Jane Doe", ImdbID: "nm9"},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "case/space-insensitive name match -> merge",
+			a:    models.Person{Name: "  jane doe ", TmdbID: "111"},
+			b:    models.Person{Name: "Jane Doe", ImdbID: "nm9"},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "different names, compatible ids -> do not merge",
+			a:    models.Person{Name: "Jane Doe", TmdbID: "111"},
+			b:    models.Person{Name: "John Smith", ImdbID: "nm9"},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "same name but contradictory ids -> do not merge",
+			a:    models.Person{Name: "Jane Doe", TmdbID: "111"},
+			b:    models.Person{Name: "Jane Doe", TmdbID: "999"},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "empty name on one side -> do not merge",
+			a:    models.Person{Name: "", TmdbID: "111"},
+			b:    models.Person{Name: "Jane Doe", ImdbID: "nm9"},
+			want: false,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := canMergePeople(tt.a, tt.b); got != tt.want {
+				t.Fatalf("canMergePeople = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMergePersonFields(t *testing.T) {
+	birth := time.Date(1980, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	t.Run("backfills only empty fields, survivor wins", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dst := models.Person{
+			Name:   "Jane Doe",
+			TmdbID: "111",
+			Bio:    "survivor bio",
+		}
+		src := models.Person{
+			Name:       "Janey",
+			TmdbID:     "999", // must NOT overwrite a populated survivor id
+			ImdbID:     "nm9", // fills the gap
+			Bio:        "partner bio",
+			Birthplace: "Springfield",
+			BirthDate:  &birth,
+			PhotoPath:  "/p.jpg",
+		}
+		mergePersonFields(&dst, src)
+
+		if dst.Name != "Jane Doe" {
+			t.Errorf("Name overwritten: %q", dst.Name)
+		}
+		if dst.TmdbID != "111" {
+			t.Errorf("populated TmdbID overwritten: %q", dst.TmdbID)
+		}
+		if dst.ImdbID != "nm9" {
+			t.Errorf("empty ImdbID not backfilled: %q", dst.ImdbID)
+		}
+		if dst.Bio != "survivor bio" {
+			t.Errorf("populated Bio overwritten: %q", dst.Bio)
+		}
+		if dst.Birthplace != "Springfield" {
+			t.Errorf("empty Birthplace not backfilled: %q", dst.Birthplace)
+		}
+		if dst.BirthDate == nil || !dst.BirthDate.Equal(birth) {
+			t.Errorf("nil BirthDate not backfilled: %v", dst.BirthDate)
+		}
+		if dst.PhotoPath != "/p.jpg" {
+			t.Errorf("empty PhotoPath not backfilled: %q", dst.PhotoPath)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("backfills name when survivor is blank", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dst := models.Person{TmdbID: "111"}
+		src := models.Person{Name: "Jane Doe"}
+		mergePersonFields(&dst, src)
+		if dst.Name != "Jane Doe" {
+			t.Errorf("blank survivor Name not backfilled: %q", dst.Name)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("photo trio is folded together", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dst := models.Person{} // no photo at all
+		src := models.Person{
+			PhotoPath:       "/p.jpg",
+			PhotoSourcePath: "tmdb://p",
+			PhotoThumbhash:  "hash",
+		}
+		mergePersonFields(&dst, src)
+		if dst.PhotoPath != "/p.jpg" || dst.PhotoSourcePath != "tmdb://p" || dst.PhotoThumbhash != "hash" {
+			t.Errorf("photo trio not folded together: %+v", dst)
+		}
+
+		// A survivor that already has a photo keeps its own trio intact.
+		keep := models.Person{PhotoPath: "/keep.jpg"}
+		mergePersonFields(&keep, src)
+		if keep.PhotoPath != "/keep.jpg" || keep.PhotoSourcePath != "" || keep.PhotoThumbhash != "" {
+			t.Errorf("survivor photo trio was disturbed: %+v", keep)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestExternalIDValueAndSet(t *testing.T) {
+	p := models.Person{TmdbID: "111", ImdbID: "nm9", TvdbID: "5", PlexGUID: "g"}
+
+	for field, want := range map[string]string{
+		"tmdb_id": "111", "imdb_id": "nm9", "tvdb_id": "5", "plex_guid": "g", "nope": "",
+	} {
+		if got := externalIDValue(p, field); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("externalIDValue(%q) = %q, want %q", field, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Setting a field to a new value replaces only that column.
+	updated := p
+	setExternalIDField(&updated, "imdb_id", "nm12345")
+	if updated.ImdbID != "nm12345" {
+		t.Errorf("setExternalIDField did not set imdb_id: %q", updated.ImdbID)
+	}
+	if updated.TmdbID != "111" {
+		t.Errorf("setExternalIDField touched the wrong field: %q", updated.TmdbID)
+	}
+
+	// Setting a field to "" blanks it, matching the old clear behavior.
+	cleared := p
+	setExternalIDField(&cleared, "imdb_id", "")
+	if cleared.ImdbID != "" {
+		t.Errorf("setExternalIDField did not blank imdb_id: %q", cleared.ImdbID)
+	}
+	if cleared.TmdbID != "111" {
+		t.Errorf("setExternalIDField touched the wrong field: %q", cleared.TmdbID)
+	}
+}

internal/catalog/person_repo.go

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ package catalog
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
@@ -493,6 +495,13 @@ func (r *PersonRepository) GetByName(ctx context.Context, name string) (*models.
 }
 
 // Search finds persons by name substring (case-insensitive), ordered by name.
+//
+// The predicate is `name ILIKE '%term%'` rather than `LOWER(name) LIKE ...` so
+// the pg_trgm GIN index idx_people_name_trgm can serve it: for a rare 3+ char
+// term that index turns a ~300-400ms full name-index scan into a ~10ms bitmap
+// scan. ILIKE is itself case-insensitive, so this stays equivalent to the prior
+// LOWER(name) comparison (including its existing treatment of % and _ in the
+// term as LIKE wildcards).
 func (r *PersonRepository) Search(ctx context.Context, query string, limit int) ([]models.Person, error) {
 	if limit <= 0 {
 		limit = 20
@@ -500,7 +509,7 @@ func (r *PersonRepository) Search(ctx context.Context, query string, limit int)
 	rows, err := r.pool.Query(ctx, `
 		SELECT id, name, sort_name, bio, birth_date, death_date, birthplace, homepage,
 			photo_path, photo_source_path, photo_thumbhash, tmdb_id, imdb_id, tvdb_id, plex_guid, created_at, updated_at
-		FROM people WHERE LOWER(name) LIKE '%' || LOWER($1) || '%'
+		FROM people WHERE name ILIKE '%' || $1 || '%'
 		ORDER BY name LIMIT $2`, query, limit,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -521,15 +530,114 @@ func (r *PersonRepository) Search(ctx context.Context, query string, limit int)
 	return people, rows.Err()
 }
 
+// maxPersonConflictResolutions bounds how many external-id collisions a single
+// Update is allowed to resolve before giving up. One per unique external-id
+// field is the natural ceiling (today only tmdb_id and imdb_id are unique).
+const maxPersonConflictResolutions = 4
+
 // Update updates all non-key fields on a person.
+//
+// A person's resolved external ids (tmdb_id / imdb_id) can collide with another
+// row that turns out to be the same human discovered through a different id —
+// e.g. one credit ingested with only a tmdb_id and another with only an imdb_id,
+// later reconciled when a refresh fills in the missing cross-id. Rather than
+// failing that write (SQLSTATE 23505) and letting the refresh worker retry the
+// same row forever, Update detects the collision and resolves it: it merges the
+// two people when they are the same human, or drops just the conflicting id when
+// they are not, then retries the write so updated_at advances and the row leaves
+// the stale set.
+//
+// The common, no-collision path runs as a single plain transaction. Only when a
+// 23505 surfaces does Update fall back to updateResolvingConflicts, which does
+// the whole reconciliation — merge or drop, plus the field write and reindex —
+// inside one transaction so it commits atomically (or not at all). Returns
+// pgx.ErrNoRows if the row no longer exists (e.g. merged away concurrently).
 func (r *PersonRepository) Update(ctx context.Context, p models.Person) error {
+	err := r.applyUpdate(ctx, p)
+	if err == nil || !isDuplicateKeyError(err) {
+		return err
+	}
+	return r.updateResolvingConflicts(ctx, p)
+}
+
+// applyUpdate writes all non-key fields on a person and enqueues a search
+// reindex for the items they appear in, all in one transaction.
+func (r *PersonRepository) applyUpdate(ctx context.Context, p models.Person) error {
 	tx, err := r.pool.Begin(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("begin person update tx: %w", err)
 	}
 	defer func() { _ = tx.Rollback(ctx) }()
 
-	_, err = tx.Exec(ctx, `
+	affected, err := execPersonUpdate(ctx, tx, p)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if affected == 0 {
+		// The row was deleted out from under us (e.g. merged away concurrently).
+		return pgx.ErrNoRows
+	}
+	if err := reindexPersonItems(ctx, tx, p.ID); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := tx.Commit(ctx); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("commit person update tx: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// updateResolvingConflicts performs the person write inside a single transaction,
+// reconciling external-id collisions (merge or drop) as they arise. The write is
+// retried after each resolution via a savepoint so a failed attempt does not
+// poison the transaction; the whole thing commits atomically once the write
+// lands. Bounded by maxPersonConflictResolutions so it cannot spin.
+func (r *PersonRepository) updateResolvingConflicts(ctx context.Context, p models.Person) error {
+	tx, err := r.pool.Begin(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("begin person merge tx: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = tx.Rollback(ctx) }()
+
+	var affected int64
+	for attempt := 0; ; attempt++ {
+		affected, err = tryPersonUpdate(ctx, tx, p)
+		if err == nil {
+			break
+		}
+		if !isDuplicateKeyError(err) || attempt >= maxPersonConflictResolutions {
+			return err
+		}
+		field, value, ok := conflictingExternalID(extractConstraint(err), p)
+		if !ok {
+			// Unique violation on a constraint we do not know how to reconcile.
+			return err
+		}
+		resolved, resolveErr := r.resolveExternalIDConflict(ctx, tx, &p, field, value)
+		if resolveErr != nil {
+			return resolveErr
+		}
+		if !resolved {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if affected == 0 {
+		// Survivor was deleted concurrently (e.g. merged into another row); there
+		// is nothing left to persist for this id.
+		return pgx.ErrNoRows
+	}
+	if err := reindexPersonItems(ctx, tx, p.ID); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := tx.Commit(ctx); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("commit person merge tx: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// execPersonUpdate writes all non-key person fields and returns the rows affected.
+func execPersonUpdate(ctx context.Context, tx pgx.Tx, p models.Person) (int64, error) {
+	tag, err := tx.Exec(ctx, `
 		UPDATE people SET name=$2, sort_name=$3, bio=$4, birth_date=$5, death_date=$6,
 			birthplace=$7, homepage=$8, photo_path=$9, photo_source_path=$10, photo_thumbhash=$11,
 			tmdb_id=$12, imdb_id=$13, tvdb_id=$14, plex_guid=$15, updated_at=now()
@@ -539,30 +647,299 @@ func (r *PersonRepository) Update(ctx context.Context, p models.Person) error {
 		p.TmdbID, p.ImdbID, p.TvdbID, p.PlexGUID,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return 0, err
 	}
+	return tag.RowsAffected(), nil
+}
 
+// tryPersonUpdate runs execPersonUpdate inside a savepoint so a unique violation
+// rolls back only the attempt, leaving the surrounding transaction usable.
+func tryPersonUpdate(ctx context.Context, tx pgx.Tx, p models.Person) (int64, error) {
+	sp, err := tx.Begin(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("begin person update savepoint: %w", err)
+	}
+	affected, err := execPersonUpdate(ctx, sp, p)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = sp.Rollback(ctx)
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if err := sp.Commit(ctx); err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("release person update savepoint: %w", err)
+	}
+	return affected, nil
+}
+
+// reindexPersonItems enqueues a catalog-search reindex for every item the person
+// appears in. After a merge the survivor's link set already includes the merged
+// person's items, so this covers all items whose denormalized people text changed.
+func reindexPersonItems(ctx context.Context, tx pgx.Tx, personID int64) error {
 	rows, err := tx.Query(ctx, `
 		SELECT DISTINCT content_id
 		FROM item_people
 		WHERE person_id = $1
-	`, p.ID)
+	`, personID)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("listing items linked to person %d: %w", p.ID, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("listing items linked to person %d: %w", personID, err)
 	}
 	contentIDs, err := pgx.CollectRows(rows, pgx.RowTo[string])
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("collecting items linked to person %d: %w", p.ID, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("collecting items linked to person %d: %w", personID, err)
 	}
 	if err := EnqueueSearchIndexUpserts(ctx, tx, contentIDs); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("enqueueing catalog search person update for person %d: %w", p.ID, err)
-	}
-	if err := tx.Commit(ctx); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("commit person update tx: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("enqueueing catalog search person update for person %d: %w", personID, err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
+// resolveExternalIDConflict reconciles a unique-violation on (field=value) raised
+// while updating *p, operating within the caller's transaction tx. It mutates *p
+// in place (folding in the partner's data, or dropping the conflicting id) and
+// reports whether the caller should retry the write. resolved=false means the
+// conflict could not be reconciled and the original error should be surfaced.
+func (r *PersonRepository) resolveExternalIDConflict(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	tx pgx.Tx,
+	p *models.Person,
+	field string,
+	value string,
+) (resolved bool, err error) {
+	if value == "" {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	// Identify the row that currently owns the colliding id.
+	var partnerID int64
+	lookup := fmt.Sprintf("SELECT id FROM people WHERE %s = $1", field)
+	switch scanErr := tx.QueryRow(ctx, lookup, value).Scan(&partnerID); {
+	case errors.Is(scanErr, pgx.ErrNoRows):
+		// The conflicting owner vanished (concurrent merge); retry the plain write.
+		return true, nil
+	case scanErr != nil:
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("locate person owning %s=%q: %w", field, value, scanErr)
+	}
+	if partnerID == p.ID {
+		// Self-conflict is impossible under the unique index; bail rather than loop.
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	// Lock both rows in a deterministic order so concurrent merges cannot deadlock.
+	people, err := scanPeopleByIDsForUpdate(ctx, tx, p.ID, partnerID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	if _, ok := people[p.ID]; !ok {
+		// The survivor was deleted under us (concurrent merge); retry the plain
+		// write, which will affect zero rows and surface as pgx.ErrNoRows.
+		return true, nil
+	}
+	partner, ok := people[partnerID]
+	if !ok {
+		// Partner already gone; retry the plain write.
+		return true, nil
+	}
+	// Re-confirm the partner still holds the colliding value after locking.
+	if externalIDValue(partner, field) != value {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
+	if !canMergePeople(*p, partner) {
+		// Not confidently the same human (contradictory ids, or names disagree):
+		// restore the survivor's currently-persisted value for this field so the
+		// retried write becomes a no-op on that column. This lets the write commit
+		// instead of looping forever, without destructively deleting a
+		// possibly-distinct person and without blanking an id the survivor already
+		// held (blanking would silently drop a previously-valid provider id, e.g.
+		// on the admin PATCH path that mutates an existing id into a colliding one).
+		// Writing the row's own current value back can never violate the unique
+		// index, so this field will not re-trigger the conflict.
+		setExternalIDField(p, field, externalIDValue(people[p.ID], field))
+		slog.Warn("person merge: declining to merge, preserving survivor's existing id",
+			"person_id", p.ID, "partner_id", partnerID, "field", field, "value", value,
+			"person_name", p.Name, "partner_name", partner.Name)
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
+	// Fold the partner's ids and any metadata this write lacks onto the survivor,
+	// so the retried write persists data only the partner had.
+	mergePersonFields(p, partner)
+
+	// Repoint the partner's credits onto the survivor, skipping links that would
+	// duplicate an existing (content_id, kind, character) credit on the survivor.
+	if _, err := tx.Exec(ctx, `
+		UPDATE item_people ip SET person_id = $1
+		WHERE ip.person_id = $2
+		  AND NOT EXISTS (
+			SELECT 1 FROM item_people e
+			WHERE e.person_id = $1
+			  AND e.content_id = ip.content_id
+			  AND e.kind = ip.kind
+			  AND e.character = ip.character
+		  )`, p.ID, partnerID); err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("repoint item_people from %d to %d: %w", partnerID, p.ID, err)
+	}
+
+	// Delete the partner; any leftover duplicate credits cascade away.
+	if _, err := tx.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM people WHERE id = $1`, partnerID); err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("delete merged person %d: %w", partnerID, err)
+	}
+
+	slog.Info("person merge: folded duplicate person",
+		"survivor_id", p.ID, "merged_id", partnerID, "field", field, "value", value)
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+// scanPeopleByIDsForUpdate loads the given people, locking them FOR UPDATE in
+// ascending id order so concurrent merges acquire locks consistently.
+func scanPeopleByIDsForUpdate(ctx context.Context, tx pgx.Tx, ids ...int64) (map[int64]models.Person, error) {
+	rows, err := tx.Query(ctx, `
+		SELECT id, name, sort_name, bio, birth_date, death_date, birthplace, homepage,
+			photo_path, photo_source_path, photo_thumbhash, tmdb_id, imdb_id, tvdb_id, plex_guid, created_at, updated_at
+		FROM people
+		WHERE id = ANY($1)
+		ORDER BY id
+		FOR UPDATE`, ids)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("lock people for merge: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+
+	out := make(map[int64]models.Person, len(ids))
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var p models.Person
+		if err := rows.Scan(&p.ID, &p.Name, &p.SortName, &p.Bio, &p.BirthDate, &p.DeathDate, &p.Birthplace, &p.Homepage,
+			&p.PhotoPath, &p.PhotoSourcePath, &p.PhotoThumbhash, &p.TmdbID, &p.ImdbID, &p.TvdbID, &p.PlexGUID, &p.CreatedAt, &p.UpdatedAt,
+		); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("scan locked person: %w", err)
+		}
+		out[p.ID] = p
+	}
+	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("iterate locked people: %w", err)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// conflictingExternalID maps a violated unique constraint to the person field
+// and value that caused it. ok is false for constraints Update cannot reconcile.
+func conflictingExternalID(constraint string, p models.Person) (field, value string, ok bool) {
+	switch constraint {
+	case "idx_people_tmdb_id":
+		return "tmdb_id", p.TmdbID, p.TmdbID != ""
+	case "idx_people_imdb_id":
+		return "imdb_id", p.ImdbID, p.ImdbID != ""
+	default:
+		return "", "", false
+	}
+}
+
+// externalIDValue returns the value of the named external-id column on p.
+func externalIDValue(p models.Person, field string) string {
+	switch field {
+	case "tmdb_id":
+		return p.TmdbID
+	case "imdb_id":
+		return p.ImdbID
+	case "tvdb_id":
+		return p.TvdbID
+	case "plex_guid":
+		return p.PlexGUID
+	default:
+		return ""
+	}
+}
+
+// setExternalIDField sets the named external-id column on p to value.
+func setExternalIDField(p *models.Person, field, value string) {
+	switch field {
+	case "tmdb_id":
+		p.TmdbID = value
+	case "imdb_id":
+		p.ImdbID = value
+	case "tvdb_id":
+		p.TvdbID = value
+	case "plex_guid":
+		p.PlexGUID = value
+	}
+}
+
+// externalIDsCompatible reports whether a and b can be the same person: no
+// external-id field where both hold a different non-empty value. A field where
+// one side is empty (or both match) is compatible.
+func externalIDsCompatible(a, b models.Person) bool {
+	return idsCompatible(a.TmdbID, b.TmdbID) &&
+		idsCompatible(a.ImdbID, b.ImdbID) &&
+		idsCompatible(a.TvdbID, b.TvdbID) &&
+		idsCompatible(a.PlexGUID, b.PlexGUID)
+}
+
+func idsCompatible(x, y string) bool {
+	return x == "" || y == "" || x == y
+}
+
+// canMergePeople reports whether two rows that collided on a shared external id
+// are confidently the same human and may be folded together. A shared id is a
+// strong signal, but providers occasionally hand the same id to two distinct
+// people; requiring the names to agree as well guards against destructively
+// deleting a genuinely different person. When this returns false the caller
+// drops the conflicting id instead (non-destructive).
+func canMergePeople(a, b models.Person) bool {
+	return externalIDsCompatible(a, b) && personNamesMatch(a.Name, b.Name)
+}
+
+func personNamesMatch(a, b string) bool {
+	a = strings.TrimSpace(a)
+	b = strings.TrimSpace(b)
+	if a == "" || b == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	return strings.EqualFold(a, b)
+}
+
+// mergePersonFields fills empty external ids and metadata on dst from src,
+// preserving dst's existing values. dst is the refreshed survivor, so its
+// populated fields win; src (the row being merged away) only backfills gaps.
+func mergePersonFields(dst *models.Person, src models.Person) {
+	if dst.Name == "" {
+		dst.Name = src.Name
+	}
+	if dst.TmdbID == "" {
+		dst.TmdbID = src.TmdbID
+	}
+	if dst.ImdbID == "" {
+		dst.ImdbID = src.ImdbID
+	}
+	if dst.TvdbID == "" {
+		dst.TvdbID = src.TvdbID
+	}
+	if dst.PlexGUID == "" {
+		dst.PlexGUID = src.PlexGUID
+	}
+	if dst.Bio == "" {
+		dst.Bio = src.Bio
+	}
+	if dst.Birthplace == "" {
+		dst.Birthplace = src.Birthplace
+	}
+	if dst.Homepage == "" {
+		dst.Homepage = src.Homepage
+	}
+	if dst.SortName == "" {
+		dst.SortName = src.SortName
+	}
+	if dst.BirthDate == nil {
+		dst.BirthDate = src.BirthDate
+	}
+	if dst.DeathDate == nil {
+		dst.DeathDate = src.DeathDate
+	}
+	if dst.PhotoPath == "" {
+		dst.PhotoPath = src.PhotoPath
+		dst.PhotoSourcePath = src.PhotoSourcePath
+		dst.PhotoThumbhash = src.PhotoThumbhash
+	}
+}
+
 func (r *PersonRepository) UpdatePhotoIfSourceMatches(ctx context.Context, personID int64, sourcePath, cachedPath, thumbhash string) (bool, error) {
 	if r == nil || r.pool == nil {
 		return false, pgx.ErrNoRows

internal/catalog/season_repo.go

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ func (r *SeasonRepository) Upsert(ctx context.Context, s *models.Season) error {
 		)
 		ON CONFLICT (series_id, season_number) DO UPDATE SET
 			title = EXCLUDED.title,
-			default_metadata_language = COALESCE(NULLIF(seasons.default_metadata_language, ''), EXCLUDED.default_metadata_language),
+			default_metadata_language = COALESCE(NULLIF(EXCLUDED.default_metadata_language, ''), seasons.default_metadata_language),
 			overview = EXCLUDED.overview,
 			air_date = EXCLUDED.air_date,
 			poster_path = EXCLUDED.poster_path,
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ func (r *SeasonRepository) BulkUpsert(ctx context.Context, seasons []*models.Sea
 		)
 		ON CONFLICT (series_id, season_number) DO UPDATE SET
 			title = EXCLUDED.title,
-			default_metadata_language = COALESCE(NULLIF(seasons.default_metadata_language, ''), EXCLUDED.default_metadata_language),
+			default_metadata_language = COALESCE(NULLIF(EXCLUDED.default_metadata_language, ''), seasons.default_metadata_language),
 			overview = EXCLUDED.overview,
 			air_date = EXCLUDED.air_date,
 			poster_path = EXCLUDED.poster_path,

internal/catalogseed/service.go

@@ -1828,7 +1828,10 @@ func bulkUpdatePeople(ctx context.Context, tx pgx.Tx, people map[int64]*importPe
 		FROM (VALUES `,
 		rows,
 		7,
-		nil,
+		// A standalone VALUES clause has no target column to infer types
+		// from, so v.id must be cast explicitly or it defaults to text and
+		// the join predicate becomes bigint = text (SQLSTATE 42883).
+		map[int]string{0: "::bigint"},
 		`) AS v(id, tmdb_id, imdb_id, tvdb_id, plex_guid, photo_path, photo_thumbhash)
 		WHERE p.id = v.id`,
 		nil,

internal/catalogseed/service_db_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package catalogseed
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool"
+)
+
+func newCatalogSeedTestPool(t *testing.T) *pgxpool.Pool {
+	t.Helper()
+	dsn := os.Getenv("SILO_TEST_DATABASE_URL")
+	if dsn == "" {
+		t.Skip("SILO_TEST_DATABASE_URL is not set")
+	}
+	pool, err := pgxpool.New(context.Background(), dsn)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("connect test database: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(pool.Close)
+	return pool
+}
+
+func TestBulkUpdatePeopleComparesIDsAsBigint(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	pool := newCatalogSeedTestPool(t)
+
+	tx, err := pool.Begin(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("begin tx: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = tx.Rollback(ctx) }()
+
+	personID := time.Now().UnixNano()
+	if _, err := tx.Exec(ctx, `
+		INSERT INTO people (id, name, sort_name, tmdb_id)
+		VALUES ($1, 'Import Test Person', 'import test person', '111')
+	`, personID); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed person: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	people := map[int64]*importPersonState{
+		personID: {
+			ID:          personID,
+			Name:        "Import Test Person",
+			TmdbID:      "222",
+			NeedsUpdate: true,
+		},
+	}
+	if err := bulkUpdatePeople(ctx, tx, people); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("bulkUpdatePeople: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var tmdbID string
+	if err := tx.QueryRow(ctx, `SELECT tmdb_id FROM people WHERE id = $1`, personID).Scan(&tmdbID); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read back person: %v", err)
+	}
+	if tmdbID != "222" {
+		t.Fatalf("tmdb_id = %q, want %q", tmdbID, "222")
+	}
+}

internal/config/config.go

@@ -303,6 +303,13 @@ type DownloadConfig struct {
 	MaxConcurrentPerUser int           `yaml:"-"` // max simultaneous downloads per user (0 = unlimited)
 	MaxPerPeriod         int           `yaml:"-"` // max downloads per user per period (0 = unlimited)
 	PeriodDuration       time.Duration `yaml:"-"` // rolling window for MaxPerPeriod
+
+	// Downloads v2 (offline sync for mobile). The prepare-to-file pipeline that
+	// consumes these ships in Phase 3; they are parsed default-off from Phase 0.
+	TranscodeEnabled      bool   `yaml:"-"` // server gate for transcode-to-file (default false)
+	ArtifactDir           string `yaml:"-"` // prepared-artifact output volume ("" = default under the transcode dir)
+	MaxConcurrentPrepares int    `yaml:"-"` // encode/remux worker-pool size (default 2)
+	ArtifactMaxBytes      int64  `yaml:"-"` // LRU eviction budget for prepared artifacts (0 = unlimited)
 }
 
 // MetadataConfig holds metadata pipeline settings.
@@ -365,6 +372,10 @@ var defaultJellyfinCompatServerID = uuid.NewSHA1(
 	[]byte("https://silo.local/jellycompat"),
 ).String()
 
+// DefaultTranscodeDir is the fallback playback.transcode_dir; download
+// artifacts default to a sibling directory (see downloads.effectiveArtifactDir).
+const DefaultTranscodeDir = "/tmp/silo-transcode"
+
 const DefaultJellyfinCompatEmulatedServerVersion = "10.12.0"
 const DefaultJellyfinWebVersion = "10.11.6"
 const DefaultJellyfinWebInstallDir = "/var/lib/silo/compat/jellyfin-web"
@@ -432,7 +443,7 @@ func setDefaults() *configRaw {
 		},
 		Playback: PlaybackConfig{
 			FFmpegPath:                   "/usr/lib/jellyfin-ffmpeg/ffmpeg",
-			TranscodeDir:                 "/tmp/silo-transcode",
+			TranscodeDir:                 DefaultTranscodeDir,
 			HWAccel:                      "auto",
 			ChapterThumbnailWorkers:      1,
 			ChapterThumbnailExecution:    "local",

internal/config/db_loader.go

@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ func LoadFromDB(m map[string]string) (*Config, error) {
 
 	// Playback
 	cfg.Playback.FFmpegPath = stringOr(m, "playback.ffmpeg_path", "/usr/lib/jellyfin-ffmpeg/ffmpeg")
-	cfg.Playback.TranscodeDir = stringOr(m, "playback.transcode_dir", "/tmp/silo-transcode")
+	cfg.Playback.TranscodeDir = stringOr(m, "playback.transcode_dir", DefaultTranscodeDir)
 	cfg.Playback.HWAccel = stringOr(m, "playback.hw_accel", "auto")
 	cfg.Playback.HWDevice = stringOr(m, "playback.hw_device", "")
 	chapterThumbnailWorkers, err := intOr(m, "playback.chapter_thumbnail_workers", 1)
@@ -565,5 +565,30 @@ func LoadFromDB(m map[string]string) (*Config, error) {
 	cfg.Download.MaxPerPeriod = maxPerPeriod
 	cfg.Download.PeriodDuration = periodDuration
 
+	// Downloads v2 (offline sync). Default-off; the prepare-to-file pipeline that
+	// consumes these ships in Phase 3.
+	downloadTranscodeEnabled, err := boolOr(m, "download.transcode_enabled", false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	maxConcurrentPrepares, err := intOr(m, "download.max_concurrent_prepares", 2)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	artifactMaxBytes, err := int64Or(m, "download.artifact_max_bytes", 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if maxConcurrentPrepares < 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid value for %q: must be non-negative", "download.max_concurrent_prepares")
+	}
+	if artifactMaxBytes < 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid value for %q: must be non-negative", "download.artifact_max_bytes")
+	}
+	cfg.Download.TranscodeEnabled = downloadTranscodeEnabled
+	cfg.Download.ArtifactDir = stringOr(m, "download.artifact_dir", "")
+	cfg.Download.MaxConcurrentPrepares = maxConcurrentPrepares
+	cfg.Download.ArtifactMaxBytes = artifactMaxBytes
+
 	return cfg, nil
 }

internal/config/restart_keys_test.go

@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ func TestRestartRequired(t *testing.T) {
 		{"overlays.enabled", false},
 		{"markers.mode", false},
 		{"download.enabled", false},
+		{"download.transcode_enabled", false},
+		{"download.max_concurrent_prepares", false},
 		{"allow_4k_transcode", false},
 		{"defaults.card_overlays", false},
 		// Unknown keys default to live.

internal/download/model.go

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-package download
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"time"
-)
-
-// Download status constants.
-const (
-	StatusQueued      = "queued"
-	StatusDownloading = "downloading"
-	StatusCompleted   = "completed"
-	StatusFailed      = "failed"
-	StatusCancelled   = "cancelled"
-)
-
-// Download kind constants.
-const (
-	KindDirect = "direct"
-	KindQueued = "queued"
-)
-
-// Sentinel errors.
-var (
-	ErrNotFound               = errors.New("download not found")
-	ErrDownloadNotAllowed     = errors.New("user is not allowed to download")
-	ErrFeatureDisabled        = errors.New("downloads are disabled")
-	ErrConcurrentLimitReached = errors.New("concurrent download limit reached")
-	ErrPeriodLimitReached     = errors.New("download period limit reached")
-	ErrDownloadNotActive      = errors.New("download is not in an active state")
-	ErrStatusConflict         = errors.New("download status transition conflict")
-)
-
-// Download represents a row in the downloads table.
-type Download struct {
-	ID           string
-	UserID       int
-	MediaFileID  int
-	ContentID    string
-	EpisodeID    string
-	BatchID      string
-	Kind         string // direct or queued
-	Status       string // queued, downloading, completed, failed, cancelled
-	FileSize     int64
-	BytesSent    int64
-	ErrorMessage string
-	CreatedAt    time.Time
-	UpdatedAt    time.Time
-	CompletedAt  *time.Time
-}

internal/download/repo.go

@@ -1,239 +0,0 @@
-package download
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
-	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool"
-)
-
-const downloadColumns = `id, user_id, media_file_id, content_id, episode_id, batch_id,
-	kind, status, file_size, bytes_sent, error_message,
-	created_at, updated_at, completed_at`
-
-// Repository provides CRUD operations for the downloads table.
-type Repository struct {
-	pool *pgxpool.Pool
-}
-
-// NewRepository creates a new Repository backed by the given pool.
-func NewRepository(pool *pgxpool.Pool) *Repository {
-	return &Repository{pool: pool}
-}
-
-func scanDownload(row pgx.Row) (*Download, error) {
-	var d Download
-	var episodeID, batchID *string
-	err := row.Scan(
-		&d.ID, &d.UserID, &d.MediaFileID, &d.ContentID, &episodeID, &batchID,
-		&d.Kind, &d.Status, &d.FileSize, &d.BytesSent, &d.ErrorMessage,
-		&d.CreatedAt, &d.UpdatedAt, &d.CompletedAt,
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, pgx.ErrNoRows) {
-			return nil, ErrNotFound
-		}
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("scanning download: %w", err)
-	}
-	if episodeID != nil {
-		d.EpisodeID = *episodeID
-	}
-	if batchID != nil {
-		d.BatchID = *batchID
-	}
-	return &d, nil
-}
-
-func scanDownloads(rows pgx.Rows) ([]*Download, error) {
-	var downloads []*Download
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var d Download
-		var episodeID, batchID *string
-		err := rows.Scan(
-			&d.ID, &d.UserID, &d.MediaFileID, &d.ContentID, &episodeID, &batchID,
-			&d.Kind, &d.Status, &d.FileSize, &d.BytesSent, &d.ErrorMessage,
-			&d.CreatedAt, &d.UpdatedAt, &d.CompletedAt,
-		)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("scanning download row: %w", err)
-		}
-		if episodeID != nil {
-			d.EpisodeID = *episodeID
-		}
-		if batchID != nil {
-			d.BatchID = *batchID
-		}
-		downloads = append(downloads, &d)
-	}
-	return downloads, rows.Err()
-}
-
-// Create inserts a new download record.
-func (r *Repository) Create(ctx context.Context, d *Download) error {
-	_, err := r.pool.Exec(ctx,
-		`INSERT INTO downloads (id, user_id, media_file_id, content_id, episode_id, batch_id,
-			kind, status, file_size, bytes_sent, error_message, created_at, updated_at, completed_at)
-		VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10, $11, $12, $13, $14)`,
-		d.ID, d.UserID, d.MediaFileID, d.ContentID,
-		nilIfEmpty(d.EpisodeID), nilIfEmpty(d.BatchID),
-		d.Kind, d.Status, d.FileSize, d.BytesSent, d.ErrorMessage,
-		d.CreatedAt, d.UpdatedAt, d.CompletedAt,
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("inserting download: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// CreateBatch inserts multiple download records in a single transaction.
-func (r *Repository) CreateBatch(ctx context.Context, downloads []*Download) error {
-	tx, err := r.pool.Begin(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("beginning batch insert: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer tx.Rollback(ctx)
-
-	for _, d := range downloads {
-		_, err := tx.Exec(ctx,
-			`INSERT INTO downloads (id, user_id, media_file_id, content_id, episode_id, batch_id,
-				kind, status, file_size, bytes_sent, error_message, created_at, updated_at, completed_at)
-			VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10, $11, $12, $13, $14)`,
-			d.ID, d.UserID, d.MediaFileID, d.ContentID,
-			nilIfEmpty(d.EpisodeID), nilIfEmpty(d.BatchID),
-			d.Kind, d.Status, d.FileSize, d.BytesSent, d.ErrorMessage,
-			d.CreatedAt, d.UpdatedAt, d.CompletedAt,
-		)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("inserting batch download: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if err := tx.Commit(ctx); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("committing batch insert: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// GetByID retrieves a download by its ID.
-func (r *Repository) GetByID(ctx context.Context, id string) (*Download, error) {
-	query := `SELECT ` + downloadColumns + ` FROM downloads WHERE id = $1`
-	return scanDownload(r.pool.QueryRow(ctx, query, id))
-}
-
-// ListByUser returns all downloads for a user, most recent first.
-func (r *Repository) ListByUser(ctx context.Context, userID int) ([]*Download, error) {
-	query := `SELECT ` + downloadColumns + ` FROM downloads
-		WHERE user_id = $1
-		ORDER BY created_at DESC`
-	rows, err := r.pool.Query(ctx, query, userID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("listing downloads for user: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer rows.Close()
-	result, err := scanDownloads(rows)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("scanning download rows: %w", err)
-	}
-	return result, nil
-}
-
-// CountActiveByUser returns the number of active (queued or downloading) downloads for a user.
-func (r *Repository) CountActiveByUser(ctx context.Context, userID int) (int, error) {
-	var count int
-	err := r.pool.QueryRow(ctx,
-		`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM downloads WHERE user_id = $1 AND status IN ('queued', 'downloading')`,
-		userID,
-	).Scan(&count)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("counting active downloads: %w", err)
-	}
-	return count, nil
-}
-
-// CountByUserSince returns the number of successful downloads created since the given time.
-// Cancelled and failed downloads are excluded so transient failures don't consume quota.
-func (r *Repository) CountByUserSince(ctx context.Context, userID int, since time.Time) (int, error) {
-	var count int
-	err := r.pool.QueryRow(ctx,
-		`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM downloads WHERE user_id = $1 AND created_at >= $2 AND status NOT IN ('cancelled', 'failed')`,
-		userID, since,
-	).Scan(&count)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("counting downloads in period: %w", err)
-	}
-	return count, nil
-}
-
-// UpdateStatus sets the status and optionally the bytes_sent and completed_at fields.
-func (r *Repository) UpdateStatus(ctx context.Context, id, status string, bytesSent int64, completedAt *time.Time) error {
-	tag, err := r.pool.Exec(ctx,
-		`UPDATE downloads SET status = $1, bytes_sent = $2, completed_at = $3, updated_at = now() WHERE id = $4`,
-		status, bytesSent, completedAt, id,
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("updating download status: %w", err)
-	}
-	if tag.RowsAffected() == 0 {
-		return ErrNotFound
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// TransitionStatus atomically transitions a download from expectedStatus to newStatus.
-// Returns ErrStatusConflict if the row is not in expectedStatus (another request
-// already transitioned it).
-func (r *Repository) TransitionStatus(ctx context.Context, id, expectedStatus, newStatus string, bytesSent int64, completedAt *time.Time) error {
-	tag, err := r.pool.Exec(ctx,
-		`UPDATE downloads SET status = $1, bytes_sent = $2, completed_at = $3, updated_at = now()
-		WHERE id = $4 AND status = $5`,
-		newStatus, bytesSent, completedAt, id, expectedStatus,
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("transitioning download status: %w", err)
-	}
-	if tag.RowsAffected() == 0 {
-		return ErrStatusConflict
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Delete removes a download record. Returns ErrNotFound if the row doesn't exist
-// or doesn't belong to the given user.
-func (r *Repository) Delete(ctx context.Context, id string, userID int) error {
-	tag, err := r.pool.Exec(ctx,
-		`DELETE FROM downloads WHERE id = $1 AND user_id = $2`, id, userID,
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("deleting download: %w", err)
-	}
-	if tag.RowsAffected() == 0 {
-		return ErrNotFound
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// CancelByID sets a download to cancelled if it is still queued or downloading.
-func (r *Repository) CancelByID(ctx context.Context, id string, userID int) error {
-	tag, err := r.pool.Exec(ctx,
-		`UPDATE downloads SET status = 'cancelled', updated_at = now()
-		WHERE id = $1 AND user_id = $2 AND status IN ('queued', 'downloading')`,
-		id, userID,
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("cancelling download: %w", err)
-	}
-	if tag.RowsAffected() == 0 {
-		return ErrNotFound
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func nilIfEmpty(s string) *string {
-	if s == "" {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return &s
-}

internal/download/service.go

@@ -1,518 +0,0 @@
-package download
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"log/slog"
-	"net/http"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/catalog"
-	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/config"
-	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/idgen"
-	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/models"
-	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/playback"
-)
-
-// FileResolver looks up media files by various keys.
-type FileResolver interface {
-	GetByID(ctx context.Context, id int) (*models.MediaFile, error)
-	GetByContentID(ctx context.Context, contentID string) ([]*models.MediaFile, error)
-	GetByEpisodeID(ctx context.Context, episodeID string) ([]*models.MediaFile, error)
-}
-
-// ItemResolver looks up media items.
-type ItemResolver interface {
-	GetByID(ctx context.Context, contentID string) (*models.MediaItem, error)
-}
-
-// EpisodeResolver lists episodes for a series.
-type EpisodeResolver interface {
-	ListBySeries(ctx context.Context, seriesID string) ([]*models.Episode, error)
-}
-
-// UserResolver looks up users.
-type UserResolver interface {
-	GetByID(ctx context.Context, id int) (*models.User, error)
-}
-
-// ItemAccessChecker checks library/content-rating access.
-type ItemAccessChecker interface {
-	EnsureAccessible(ctx context.Context, contentID string, filter catalog.AccessFilter) error
-}
-
-// SettingsReader loads all server settings as a flat map.
-type SettingsReader interface {
-	GetAll(ctx context.Context) (map[string]string, error)
-}
-
-const configCacheTTL = 30 * time.Second
-
-// Service orchestrates download permission checks, quota enforcement,
-// file resolution, and file serving.
-type Service struct {
-	repo        *Repository
-	bandwidth   *BandwidthManager
-	limiter     *QuantityLimiter
-	fileRepo    FileResolver
-	itemRepo    ItemResolver
-	episodeRepo EpisodeResolver
-	userRepo    UserResolver
-	itemAccess  ItemAccessChecker
-	settings    SettingsReader
-
-	cfgMu       sync.RWMutex
-	cfg         config.DownloadConfig
-	cfgLoadedAt time.Time
-}
-
-// NewService creates a new download service with the given dependencies.
-func NewService(
-	repo *Repository,
-	bandwidth *BandwidthManager,
-	limiter *QuantityLimiter,
-	fileRepo FileResolver,
-	itemRepo ItemResolver,
-	episodeRepo EpisodeResolver,
-	userRepo UserResolver,
-	itemAccess ItemAccessChecker,
-	settings SettingsReader,
-	initialCfg *config.DownloadConfig,
-) *Service {
-	s := &Service{
-		repo:        repo,
-		bandwidth:   bandwidth,
-		limiter:     limiter,
-		fileRepo:    fileRepo,
-		itemRepo:    itemRepo,
-		episodeRepo: episodeRepo,
-		userRepo:    userRepo,
-		itemAccess:  itemAccess,
-		settings:    settings,
-	}
-	if initialCfg != nil {
-		s.cfg = *initialCfg
-		s.cfgLoadedAt = time.Now()
-	}
-	return s
-}
-
-// loadConfig returns the current download config, refreshing from DB if stale.
-func (s *Service) loadConfig(ctx context.Context) config.DownloadConfig {
-	s.cfgMu.RLock()
-	if time.Since(s.cfgLoadedAt) < configCacheTTL {
-		cfg := s.cfg
-		s.cfgMu.RUnlock()
-		return cfg
-	}
-	s.cfgMu.RUnlock()
-
-	s.cfgMu.Lock()
-	defer s.cfgMu.Unlock()
-
-	// Double-check after acquiring write lock.
-	if time.Since(s.cfgLoadedAt) < configCacheTTL {
-		return s.cfg
-	}
-
-	if s.settings == nil {
-		return s.cfg
-	}
-
-	allSettings, err := s.settings.GetAll(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		slog.Warn("failed to reload download config from DB, using cached", "error", err)
-		return s.cfg
-	}
-
-	newFullCfg, err := config.LoadFromDB(allSettings)
-	if err != nil {
-		slog.Warn("failed to parse download config from DB, using cached", "error", err)
-		return s.cfg
-	}
-
-	oldCfg := s.cfg
-	s.cfg = newFullCfg.Download
-	s.cfgLoadedAt = time.Now()
-
-	// Update bandwidth manager if limits changed.
-	if s.bandwidth != nil && (oldCfg.ServerBandwidthBPS != s.cfg.ServerBandwidthBPS || oldCfg.UserBandwidthBPS != s.cfg.UserBandwidthBPS) {
-		s.bandwidth.Reload(s.cfg.ServerBandwidthBPS, s.cfg.UserBandwidthBPS)
-		slog.Info("download bandwidth config reloaded", "server_bps", s.cfg.ServerBandwidthBPS, "user_bps", s.cfg.UserBandwidthBPS)
-	}
-
-	// Update quantity limiter if limits changed.
-	if s.limiter != nil && (oldCfg.MaxConcurrentPerUser != s.cfg.MaxConcurrentPerUser || oldCfg.MaxPerPeriod != s.cfg.MaxPerPeriod || oldCfg.PeriodDuration != s.cfg.PeriodDuration) {
-		s.limiter.Reload(s.cfg.MaxConcurrentPerUser, s.cfg.MaxPerPeriod, s.cfg.PeriodDuration)
-		slog.Info("download quantity limits reloaded", "max_concurrent", s.cfg.MaxConcurrentPerUser, "max_per_period", s.cfg.MaxPerPeriod, "period", s.cfg.PeriodDuration)
-	}
-
-	return s.cfg
-}
-
-// CreateRequest holds the parameters for creating a download.
-type CreateRequest struct {
-	ContentID string
-	EpisodeID string
-	FileID    int
-}
-
-// CreateQueued creates a queued download for a single item (movie or episode).
-func (s *Service) CreateQueued(ctx context.Context, userID int, req CreateRequest, filter catalog.AccessFilter) (*Download, error) {
-	if err := s.checkEnabled(ctx); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	user, err := s.userRepo.GetByID(ctx, userID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("loading user: %w", err)
-	}
-	if !user.DownloadAllowed {
-		return nil, ErrDownloadNotAllowed
-	}
-
-	file, err := s.resolveFile(ctx, req)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	if err := s.itemAccess.EnsureAccessible(ctx, file.ContentID, filter); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	if err := s.limiter.Check(ctx, userID, 1); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	id, err := idgen.NextID()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("generating download ID: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	now := time.Now()
-	d := &Download{
-		ID:          id,
-		UserID:      userID,
-		MediaFileID: file.ID,
-		ContentID:   file.ContentID,
-		EpisodeID:   file.EpisodeID,
-		Kind:        KindQueued,
-		Status:      StatusQueued,
-		FileSize:    file.FileSize,
-		CreatedAt:   now,
-		UpdatedAt:   now,
-	}
-
-	if err := s.repo.Create(ctx, d); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return d, nil
-}
-
-// CreateQueuedBatch creates download records for all episodes in a series.
-// Returns the created downloads and a shared batch ID.
-func (s *Service) CreateQueuedBatch(ctx context.Context, userID int, seriesContentID string, filter catalog.AccessFilter) ([]*Download, string, error) {
-	if err := s.checkEnabled(ctx); err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-
-	user, err := s.userRepo.GetByID(ctx, userID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("loading user: %w", err)
-	}
-	if !user.DownloadAllowed {
-		return nil, "", ErrDownloadNotAllowed
-	}
-
-	item, err := s.itemRepo.GetByID(ctx, seriesContentID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("loading series: %w", err)
-	}
-	if item.Type != "series" {
-		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("content_id is not a series")
-	}
-
-	if err := s.itemAccess.EnsureAccessible(ctx, seriesContentID, filter); err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-
-	episodes, err := s.episodeRepo.ListBySeries(ctx, seriesContentID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("listing episodes: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	var downloads []*Download
-	now := time.Now()
-
-	for _, ep := range episodes {
-		files, err := s.fileRepo.GetByEpisodeID(ctx, ep.ContentID)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("resolving files for episode %s: %w", ep.ContentID, err)
-		}
-		if len(files) == 0 {
-			continue // skip episodes with no files
-		}
-		file := pickBestFile(files)
-
-		id, err := idgen.NextID()
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("generating download ID: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		downloads = append(downloads, &Download{
-			ID:          id,
-			UserID:      userID,
-			MediaFileID: file.ID,
-			ContentID:   seriesContentID,
-			EpisodeID:   ep.ContentID,
-			Kind:        KindQueued,
-			Status:      StatusQueued,
-			FileSize:    file.FileSize,
-			CreatedAt:   now,
-			UpdatedAt:   now,
-		})
-	}
-
-	if len(downloads) == 0 {
-		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("no downloadable episodes found")
-	}
-
-	if err := s.limiter.Check(ctx, userID, len(downloads)); err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-
-	batchID, err := idgen.NextID()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("generating batch ID: %w", err)
-	}
-	for _, d := range downloads {
-		d.BatchID = batchID
-	}
-
-	if err := s.repo.CreateBatch(ctx, downloads); err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-	return downloads, batchID, nil
-}
-
-// ServeDirect validates permissions and serves a file directly for browser download.
-// No persistent download record is created.
-func (s *Service) ServeDirect(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, userID int, fileID int, filter catalog.AccessFilter) error {
-	if err := s.checkEnabled(ctx); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	user, err := s.userRepo.GetByID(ctx, userID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("loading user: %w", err)
-	}
-	if !user.DownloadAllowed {
-		return ErrDownloadNotAllowed
-	}
-
-	file, err := s.fileRepo.GetByID(ctx, fileID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("loading media file: %w", err)
-	}
-	if file == nil || file.MissingSince != nil {
-		return catalog.ErrItemNotFound
-	}
-
-	if err := s.itemAccess.EnsureAccessible(ctx, file.ContentID, filter); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return s.serveFileDownload(ctx, w, r, file, userID)
-}
-
-// ServeFile serves a queued download's file, verifying ownership and current policy.
-func (s *Service) ServeFile(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, userID int, downloadID string) error {
-	// Re-check policy — admin may have disabled downloads or revoked permission
-	// after this download was queued.
-	if err := s.checkEnabled(ctx); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	user, err := s.userRepo.GetByID(ctx, userID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("loading user: %w", err)
-	}
-	if !user.DownloadAllowed {
-		return ErrDownloadNotAllowed
-	}
-
-	dl, err := s.repo.GetByID(ctx, downloadID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if dl.UserID != userID {
-		return ErrNotFound // don't reveal existence
-	}
-	if dl.Status == StatusCancelled || dl.Status == StatusFailed {
-		return fmt.Errorf("download is %s: %w", dl.Status, ErrDownloadNotActive)
-	}
-
-	file, err := s.fileRepo.GetByID(ctx, dl.MediaFileID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("loading media file: %w", err)
-	}
-	if file == nil || file.MissingSince != nil {
-		return catalog.ErrItemNotFound
-	}
-
-	// Atomically transition queued → downloading. If another request already
-	// claimed this download, return a conflict error.
-	if dl.Status == StatusQueued {
-		if err := s.repo.TransitionStatus(ctx, dl.ID, StatusQueued, StatusDownloading, 0, nil); err != nil {
-			if errors.Is(err, ErrStatusConflict) {
-				return fmt.Errorf("download already in progress: %w", ErrDownloadNotActive)
-			}
-			slog.Warn("failed to transition download to downloading", "download_id", dl.ID, "error", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if err := s.serveFileDownload(ctx, w, r, file, userID); err != nil {
-		if updateErr := s.repo.UpdateStatus(ctx, dl.ID, StatusFailed, 0, nil); updateErr != nil {
-			slog.Error("failed to mark download as failed", "download_id", dl.ID, "error", updateErr)
-		}
-		return err
-	}
-
-	now := time.Now()
-	if err := s.repo.UpdateStatus(ctx, dl.ID, StatusCompleted, file.FileSize, &now); err != nil {
-		slog.Error("failed to mark download as completed", "download_id", dl.ID, "error", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// List returns all downloads for a user.
-func (s *Service) List(ctx context.Context, userID int) ([]*Download, error) {
-	return s.repo.ListByUser(ctx, userID)
-}
-
-// Cancel cancels a queued/active download or deletes a completed/failed one.
-func (s *Service) Cancel(ctx context.Context, userID int, downloadID string) error {
-	dl, err := s.repo.GetByID(ctx, downloadID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if dl.UserID != userID {
-		return ErrNotFound
-	}
-
-	switch dl.Status {
-	case StatusQueued, StatusDownloading:
-		return s.repo.CancelByID(ctx, downloadID, userID)
-	default:
-		return s.repo.Delete(ctx, downloadID, userID)
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *Service) checkEnabled(ctx context.Context) error {
-	cfg := s.loadConfig(ctx)
-	if !cfg.Enabled {
-		return ErrFeatureDisabled
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *Service) resolveFile(ctx context.Context, req CreateRequest) (*models.MediaFile, error) {
-	if req.FileID > 0 {
-		file, err := s.fileRepo.GetByID(ctx, req.FileID)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("loading media file: %w", err)
-		}
-		if file == nil || file.MissingSince != nil {
-			return nil, catalog.ErrItemNotFound
-		}
-		return file, nil
-	}
-
-	var files []*models.MediaFile
-	var err error
-	if req.EpisodeID != "" {
-		files, err = s.fileRepo.GetByEpisodeID(ctx, req.EpisodeID)
-	} else {
-		files, err = s.fileRepo.GetByContentID(ctx, req.ContentID)
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("resolving files: %w", err)
-	}
-	if len(files) == 0 {
-		return nil, catalog.ErrItemNotFound
-	}
-
-	return pickBestFile(files), nil
-}
-
-func (s *Service) serveFileDownload(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, file *models.MediaFile, userID int) error {
-	f, err := os.Open(file.FilePath)
-	if err != nil {
-		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			return catalog.ErrItemNotFound
-		}
-		return fmt.Errorf("opening file: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer f.Close()
-
-	stat, err := f.Stat()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("stat file: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	filename := sanitizeFilename(filepath.Base(file.FilePath))
-	w.Header().Set("Content-Disposition", fmt.Sprintf(`attachment; filename="%s"`, filename))
-	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", playback.MimeFromExtension(file.FilePath))
-
-	var reader io.ReadSeeker = f
-	if s.bandwidth != nil {
-		reader = s.bandwidth.ThrottledReader(ctx, f, userID)
-	}
-
-	http.ServeContent(w, r, stat.Name(), stat.ModTime(), reader)
-	return nil
-}
-
-// pickBestFile selects the highest-resolution file from a list.
-func pickBestFile(files []*models.MediaFile) *models.MediaFile {
-	if len(files) == 1 {
-		return files[0]
-	}
-	best := files[0]
-	for _, f := range files[1:] {
-		if resolutionRank(f.Resolution) > resolutionRank(best.Resolution) {
-			best = f
-		}
-	}
-	return best
-}
-
-func resolutionRank(res string) int {
-	switch strings.ToLower(res) {
-	case "2160p":
-		return 4
-	case "1080p":
-		return 3
-	case "720p":
-		return 2
-	case "480p":
-		return 1
-	default:
-		return 0
-	}
-}
-
-func sanitizeFilename(name string) string {
-	return strings.Map(func(r rune) rune {
-		switch r {
-		case '/', '\\', '"', '<', '>', '|', '?', '*', ':':
-			return '_'
-		}
-		return r
-	}, name)
-}

internal/downloads/artifact.go

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+package downloads
+
+import (
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/config"
+)
+
+// Artifact status constants (download_artifacts.status).
+const (
+	ArtifactQueued  = "queued"
+	ArtifactRunning = "running"
+	ArtifactReady   = "ready"
+	ArtifactFailed  = "failed"
+)
+
+// ErrNoArtifactJob is returned by the queue when no claimable job exists.
+var ErrNoArtifactJob = errors.New("no claimable artifact job")
+
+// Artifact is a prepared (remux/transcode) file, deduplicated by
+// (media_file_id, format, params_hash), and a row in the durable encode queue.
+type Artifact struct {
+	ID                string
+	MediaFileID       int
+	Format            string // remux | transcode
+	ParamsHash        string
+	Container         string
+	CodecVideo        string
+	CodecAudio        string
+	Resolution        string
+	AudioTrackIndex   int
+	TargetBitrateKbps int
+	OutputPath        string
+	FileSize          int64
+	Status            string
+	ErrorMessage      string
+	Attempts          int
+	MaxAttempts       int
+	LeaseOwner        string
+	LeaseExpiresAt    *time.Time
+	NextRetryAt       *time.Time
+	CreatedAt         time.Time
+	CompletedAt       *time.Time
+	LastUsedAt        time.Time
+}
+
+// paramsHash is the dedup key for an encode target:
+// sha256(format | container | codec_video | codec_audio | resolution | audio_track_index | bitrate | subtitle_burn_in).
+func paramsHash(format, container, codecVideo, codecAudio, resolution string, audioTrackIndex, targetBitrateKbps int, subtitleBurnIn bool) string {
+	sum := sha256.Sum256([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("%s|%s|%s|%s|%s|%d|%d|%t",
+		format, container, codecVideo, codecAudio, resolution, audioTrackIndex, targetBitrateKbps, subtitleBurnIn)))
+	return hex.EncodeToString(sum[:])
+}
+
+// defaultTranscodeDir is config's TranscodeDir default and roots
+// prepared download artifacts when neither download.artifact_dir nor the
+// transcode dir is configured. Keeping it absolute avoids writing artifacts
+// relative to the process working directory.
+const defaultTranscodeDir = config.DefaultTranscodeDir
+
+// effectiveArtifactDir resolves where prepared artifacts are written: the
+// configured download.artifact_dir when set, otherwise a dedicated directory
+// alongside the transcode dir. The result is always rooted at a real volume,
+// never "" (which would land in the process cwd).
+//
+// Artifacts live as a SIBLING of the transcode dir, never inside it:
+// CleanupOrphanedTranscodeDirs deletes every non-active subdirectory of the
+// transcode dir, so an artifact dir nested under it would be wiped on the next
+// transcode sweep.
+func effectiveArtifactDir(artifactDir, transcodeDir string) string {
+	if artifactDir != "" {
+		return artifactDir
+	}
+	if transcodeDir == "" {
+		transcodeDir = defaultTranscodeDir
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(transcodeDir), "silo-download-artifacts")
+}
+
+// artifactOutputPath derives a deterministic output path from
+// (media_file_id, format, params_hash) so a reclaimed job targets the same file.
+func artifactOutputPath(dir string, mediaFileID int, format, hash string) string {
+	short := hash
+	if len(short) > 16 {
+		short = short[:16]
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(dir, fmt.Sprintf("%d_%s_%s.mp4", mediaFileID, format, short))
+}

internal/downloads/artifact_repo.go

@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+package downloads
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool"
+)
+
+const artifactColumns = `id, media_file_id, format, params_hash, container, codec_video, codec_audio,
+	resolution, audio_track_index, target_bitrate_kbps, output_path, file_size, status, error_message,
+	attempts, max_attempts, lease_owner, lease_expires_at, next_retry_at,
+	created_at, completed_at, last_used_at`
+
+// ArtifactRepository provides CRUD + durable-queue operations for
+// download_artifacts.
+type ArtifactRepository struct {
+	pool *pgxpool.Pool
+}
+
+// NewArtifactRepository creates an ArtifactRepository.
+func NewArtifactRepository(pool *pgxpool.Pool) *ArtifactRepository {
+	return &ArtifactRepository{pool: pool}
+}
+
+func scanArtifact(row pgx.Row) (*Artifact, error) {
+	var a Artifact
+	var leaseOwner *string
+	if err := row.Scan(
+		&a.ID, &a.MediaFileID, &a.Format, &a.ParamsHash, &a.Container, &a.CodecVideo, &a.CodecAudio,
+		&a.Resolution, &a.AudioTrackIndex, &a.TargetBitrateKbps, &a.OutputPath, &a.FileSize, &a.Status, &a.ErrorMessage,
+		&a.Attempts, &a.MaxAttempts, &leaseOwner, &a.LeaseExpiresAt, &a.NextRetryAt,
+		&a.CreatedAt, &a.CompletedAt, &a.LastUsedAt,
+	); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	a.LeaseOwner = deref(leaseOwner)
+	return &a, nil
+}
+
+// EnsureQueued inserts the artifact if no row exists for its
+// (media_file_id, format, params_hash), then returns the current row (existing
+// or freshly queued) and whether it was newly created.
+func (r *ArtifactRepository) EnsureQueued(ctx context.Context, a *Artifact) (*Artifact, bool, error) {
+	tag, err := r.pool.Exec(ctx,
+		`INSERT INTO download_artifacts
+			(id, media_file_id, format, params_hash, container, codec_video, codec_audio,
+			 resolution, audio_track_index, target_bitrate_kbps, output_path, status, max_attempts)
+		 VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10, $11, 'queued', $12)
+		 ON CONFLICT (media_file_id, format, params_hash) DO NOTHING`,
+		a.ID, a.MediaFileID, a.Format, a.ParamsHash, a.Container, a.CodecVideo, a.CodecAudio,
+		a.Resolution, a.AudioTrackIndex, a.TargetBitrateKbps, a.OutputPath, a.MaxAttempts,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, false, fmt.Errorf("ensuring artifact: %w", err)
+	}
+	row, err := r.GetByKey(ctx, a.MediaFileID, a.Format, a.ParamsHash)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, false, err
+	}
+	return row, tag.RowsAffected() > 0, nil
+}
+
+// GetByID returns an artifact by id, or ErrNotFound.
+func (r *ArtifactRepository) GetByID(ctx context.Context, id string) (*Artifact, error) {
+	a, err := scanArtifact(r.pool.QueryRow(ctx, `SELECT `+artifactColumns+` FROM download_artifacts WHERE id = $1`, id))
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, pgx.ErrNoRows) {
+			return nil, ErrNotFound
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("getting artifact: %w", err)
+	}
+	return a, nil
+}
+
+// GetByKey returns the artifact for a (media_file_id, format, params_hash), or ErrNotFound.
+func (r *ArtifactRepository) GetByKey(ctx context.Context, mediaFileID int, format, paramsHash string) (*Artifact, error) {
+	a, err := scanArtifact(r.pool.QueryRow(ctx,
+		`SELECT `+artifactColumns+` FROM download_artifacts
+		 WHERE media_file_id = $1 AND format = $2 AND params_hash = $3`,
+		mediaFileID, format, paramsHash,
+	))
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, pgx.ErrNoRows) {
+			return nil, ErrNotFound
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("getting artifact by key: %w", err)
+	}
+	return a, nil
+}
+
+// ClaimNext atomically claims one runnable job: a queued row whose backoff has
+// elapsed, or a running row whose lease has expired (lease stealing). FOR UPDATE
+// SKIP LOCKED makes concurrent workers (and nodes) safe without double-encoding.
+// Returns ErrNoArtifactJob when nothing is claimable.
+func (r *ArtifactRepository) ClaimNext(ctx context.Context, owner string, lease time.Duration) (*Artifact, error) {
+	leaseSecs := int(lease.Seconds())
+	if leaseSecs <= 0 {
+		leaseSecs = 60
+	}
+	a, err := scanArtifact(r.pool.QueryRow(ctx,
+		`UPDATE download_artifacts
+		 SET status = 'running', lease_owner = $1, lease_expires_at = now() + make_interval(secs => $2),
+		     attempts = attempts + 1
+		 WHERE id = (
+		     SELECT id FROM download_artifacts
+		     WHERE (status = 'queued' AND (next_retry_at IS NULL OR next_retry_at <= now()))
+		        OR (status = 'running' AND lease_expires_at < now())
+		     ORDER BY created_at
+		     LIMIT 1
+		     FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED
+		 )
+		 RETURNING `+artifactColumns,
+		owner, leaseSecs,
+	))
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, pgx.ErrNoRows) {
+			return nil, ErrNoArtifactJob
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("claiming artifact job: %w", err)
+	}
+	return a, nil
+}
+
+// Heartbeat extends a running job's lease while it is still owned by owner.
+// Returns false when the lease was lost (another worker stole it).
+func (r *ArtifactRepository) Heartbeat(ctx context.Context, id, owner string, lease time.Duration) (bool, error) {
+	leaseSecs := int(lease.Seconds())
+	if leaseSecs <= 0 {
+		leaseSecs = 60
+	}
+	tag, err := r.pool.Exec(ctx,
+		`UPDATE download_artifacts SET lease_expires_at = now() + make_interval(secs => $3)
+		 WHERE id = $1 AND lease_owner = $2 AND status = 'running'`,
+		id, owner, leaseSecs,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("heartbeating artifact: %w", err)
+	}
+	return tag.RowsAffected() > 0, nil
+}
+
+// MarkReady transitions a job to ready, records its size/path, and clears the
+// lease. The write is fenced on (lease_owner, status='running') so a worker that
+// lost its lease — e.g. a slow encode whose lease expired and was reclaimed by
+// another node — cannot flip a row it no longer owns. Returns false when the
+// fence rejected the write (the lease was lost); the caller must then NOT flip
+// linked downloads, leaving that to the current owner.
+func (r *ArtifactRepository) MarkReady(ctx context.Context, id, owner, outputPath string, fileSize int64) (bool, error) {
+	tag, err := r.pool.Exec(ctx,
+		`UPDATE download_artifacts
+		 SET status = 'ready', output_path = $2, file_size = $3, error_message = '',
+		     completed_at = now(), last_used_at = now(),
+		     lease_owner = NULL, lease_expires_at = NULL, next_retry_at = NULL
+		 WHERE id = $1 AND lease_owner = $4 AND status = 'running'`,
+		id, outputPath, fileSize, owner,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("marking artifact ready: %w", err)
+	}
+	return tag.RowsAffected() > 0, nil
+}
+
+// MarkFailedOrRetry records a failed attempt. attempts was already incremented
+// at claim time, so attempts >= max_attempts means terminal (status=failed);
+// otherwise the row returns to queued behind a backoff gate. The write is fenced
+// on (lease_owner, status='running'): terminal reports whether the job went
+// terminal, and applied is false when the fence rejected the write (lease lost),
+// in which case the caller must not fail linked downloads.
+func (r *ArtifactRepository) MarkFailedOrRetry(ctx context.Context, id, owner, errMsg string, backoff time.Duration) (terminal bool, applied bool, err error) {
+	backoffSecs := int(backoff.Seconds())
+	if backoffSecs <= 0 {
+		backoffSecs = 30
+	}
+	err = r.pool.QueryRow(ctx,
+		`UPDATE download_artifacts
+		 SET status = CASE WHEN attempts >= max_attempts THEN 'failed' ELSE 'queued' END,
+		     error_message = $2,
+		     next_retry_at = CASE WHEN attempts >= max_attempts THEN NULL ELSE now() + make_interval(secs => $3) END,
+		     completed_at = CASE WHEN attempts >= max_attempts THEN now() ELSE NULL END,
+		     lease_owner = NULL, lease_expires_at = NULL
+		 WHERE id = $1 AND lease_owner = $4 AND status = 'running'
+		 RETURNING status = 'failed'`,
+		id, errMsg, backoffSecs, owner,
+	).Scan(&terminal)
+	if errors.Is(err, pgx.ErrNoRows) {
+		return false, false, nil // lease lost; the current owner resolves the job
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, false, fmt.Errorf("marking artifact failed/retry: %w", err)
+	}
+	return terminal, true, nil
+}
+
+// reclaimedArtifact reports a row recovered by the startup sweep.
+type reclaimedArtifact struct {
+	ID       string
+	Terminal bool // true when the row exhausted attempts and is now failed
+}
+
+// ReclaimExpiredLeases resets running rows whose lease has expired: back to
+// queued, or to failed when attempts are exhausted. This is the startup sweep
+// that guarantees no crash can strand a job in `running` forever.
+func (r *ArtifactRepository) ReclaimExpiredLeases(ctx context.Context) ([]reclaimedArtifact, error) {
+	rows, err := r.pool.Query(ctx,
+		`UPDATE download_artifacts
+		 SET status = CASE WHEN attempts >= max_attempts THEN 'failed' ELSE 'queued' END,
+		     lease_owner = NULL, lease_expires_at = NULL,
+		     error_message = CASE WHEN attempts >= max_attempts THEN 'exceeded max attempts after lease expiry' ELSE error_message END,
+		     completed_at = CASE WHEN attempts >= max_attempts THEN now() ELSE completed_at END
+		 WHERE status = 'running' AND lease_expires_at < now()
+		 RETURNING id, status = 'failed'`,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("reclaiming expired leases: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	var out []reclaimedArtifact
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var rc reclaimedArtifact
+		if err := rows.Scan(&rc.ID, &rc.Terminal); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("scanning reclaimed artifact: %w", err)
+		}
+		out = append(out, rc)
+	}
+	return out, rows.Err()
+}
+
+// Requeue forces a ready/failed artifact back to queued (e.g. when its
+// output_path is missing on disk). The deterministic output_path is preserved.
+// Returns ErrNotFound when the row no longer exists (e.g. a concurrent sweep
+// deleted it) so callers never keep using a dead artifact id.
+func (r *ArtifactRepository) Requeue(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
+	tag, err := r.pool.Exec(ctx,
+		`UPDATE download_artifacts
+		 SET status = 'queued', attempts = 0, error_message = '', next_retry_at = NULL,
+		     lease_owner = NULL, lease_expires_at = NULL, completed_at = NULL
+		 WHERE id = $1`,
+		id,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("requeuing artifact: %w", err)
+	}
+	if tag.RowsAffected() == 0 {
+		return ErrNotFound
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// TouchLastUsed bumps last_used_at for LRU accounting (called on serve).
+func (r *ArtifactRepository) TouchLastUsed(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
+	_, err := r.pool.Exec(ctx, `UPDATE download_artifacts SET last_used_at = now() WHERE id = $1`, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("touching artifact: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ListReady returns ready artifacts ordered by least-recently-used first.
+func (r *ArtifactRepository) ListReady(ctx context.Context) ([]*Artifact, error) {
+	rows, err := r.pool.Query(ctx,
+		`SELECT `+artifactColumns+` FROM download_artifacts WHERE status = 'ready' ORDER BY last_used_at ASC`)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("listing ready artifacts: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	return scanArtifacts(rows)
+}
+
+func scanArtifacts(rows pgx.Rows) ([]*Artifact, error) {
+	var out []*Artifact
+	for rows.Next() {
+		a, err := scanArtifact(rows)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("scanning artifact row: %w", err)
+		}
+		out = append(out, a)
+	}
+	return out, rows.Err()
+}
+
+// TotalReadyBytes returns the sum of ready artifact sizes (LRU budget input).
+func (r *ArtifactRepository) TotalReadyBytes(ctx context.Context) (int64, error) {
+	var total int64
+	if err := r.pool.QueryRow(ctx,
+		`SELECT COALESCE(SUM(file_size), 0) FROM download_artifacts WHERE status = 'ready'`).Scan(&total); err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("summing ready artifacts: %w", err)
+	}
+	return total, nil
+}
+
+// HasActiveLink reports whether any valid download row — managed or ephemeral
+// (device-less web) — still references the artifact. Completed rows are
+// retained because they remain re-downloadable handles; evicting an artifact a
+// live row references would 404 a download the API advertises as servable.
+func (r *ArtifactRepository) HasActiveLink(ctx context.Context, artifactID string) (bool, error) {
+	var exists bool
+	if err := r.pool.QueryRow(ctx,
+		`SELECT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM downloads
+		 WHERE artifact_id = $1
+		   AND status NOT IN ('cancelled','failed','revoked'))`,
+		artifactID,
+	).Scan(&exists); err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("checking artifact links: %w", err)
+	}
+	return exists, nil
+}
+
+// ListFailedBefore returns terminally-failed artifacts cold since cutoff
+// (last_used_at). Their linked downloads were already flipped to 'failed' by
+// reconciliation, so the rows serve nothing and only block re-attempts.
+func (r *ArtifactRepository) ListFailedBefore(ctx context.Context, cutoff time.Time) ([]*Artifact, error) {
+	rows, err := r.pool.Query(ctx,
+		`SELECT `+artifactColumns+` FROM download_artifacts
+		 WHERE status = 'failed' AND last_used_at < $1`, cutoff)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("listing failed artifacts: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	return scanArtifacts(rows)
+}
+
+// ListUnlinkedReadyBefore returns ready artifacts referenced by NO download
+// row at all (every linking row deleted) and unused since cutoff. These are
+// pure orphans: nothing can ever serve them again.
+func (r *ArtifactRepository) ListUnlinkedReadyBefore(ctx context.Context, cutoff time.Time) ([]*Artifact, error) {
+	rows, err := r.pool.Query(ctx,
+		`SELECT `+artifactColumns+` FROM download_artifacts a
+		 WHERE a.status = 'ready' AND a.last_used_at < $1
+		   AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM downloads d WHERE d.artifact_id = a.id)`, cutoff)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("listing unlinked artifacts: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	return scanArtifacts(rows)
+}
+
+// DeleteArtifact removes an artifact row.
+func (r *ArtifactRepository) DeleteArtifact(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
+	_, err := r.pool.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM download_artifacts WHERE id = $1`, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("deleting artifact: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

internal/downloads/artifact_repo_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+package downloads
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool"
+
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/idgen"
+)
+
+func newArtifactTestRepo(t *testing.T) (*ArtifactRepository, *pgxpool.Pool, int) {
+	t.Helper()
+	pool := newDownloadsTestPool(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	var present *string
+	if err := pool.QueryRow(ctx, `SELECT to_regclass('public.download_artifacts')::text`).Scan(&present); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("check download_artifacts: %v", err)
+	}
+	if present == nil {
+		t.Skip("download_artifacts migration has not been applied")
+	}
+
+	suffix := time.Now().UnixNano()
+	var folderID int
+	if err := pool.QueryRow(ctx,
+		`INSERT INTO media_folders (type, name) VALUES ('movies', $1) RETURNING id`,
+		fmt.Sprintf("Artifacts Test %d", suffix),
+	).Scan(&folderID); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed folder: %v", err)
+	}
+	var fileID int
+	if err := pool.QueryRow(ctx,
+		`INSERT INTO media_files (media_folder_id, file_path) VALUES ($1, $2) RETURNING id`,
+		folderID, fmt.Sprintf("/tmp/artifact-%d.mkv", suffix),
+	).Scan(&fileID); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed media file: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_, _ = pool.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM download_artifacts WHERE media_file_id = $1`, fileID)
+		_, _ = pool.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM media_files WHERE id = $1`, fileID)
+		_, _ = pool.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM media_folders WHERE id = $1`, folderID)
+	})
+	return NewArtifactRepository(pool), pool, fileID
+}
+
+func newArtifact(t *testing.T, fileID int, hash string) *Artifact {
+	t.Helper()
+	id, err := idgen.NextID()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("id: %v", err)
+	}
+	return &Artifact{
+		ID: id, MediaFileID: fileID, Format: "transcode", ParamsHash: hash,
+		Container: "mp4", CodecVideo: "h264", CodecAudio: "aac", Resolution: "1080p",
+		AudioTrackIndex: -1, OutputPath: "/tmp/" + id + ".mp4", MaxAttempts: 3,
+	}
+}
+
+// TestArtifactQueueClaimAndLeaseRecovery is the Phase 3 / invariant-3 acceptance
+// test: a crash mid-encode (an expired lease) is recovered on the next sweep so
+// the job re-enqueues and reaches ready, and concurrent workers never claim the
+// same job twice (no double-encode).
+func TestArtifactQueueClaimAndLeaseRecovery(t *testing.T) {
+	repo, pool, fileID := newArtifactTestRepo(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	a := newArtifact(t, fileID, "hash-recovery")
+	row, created, err := repo.EnsureQueued(ctx, a)
+	if err != nil || !created || row.Status != ArtifactQueued {
+		t.Fatalf("EnsureQueued = (%+v, created=%v, %v), want new queued row", row, created, err)
+	}
+
+	// Dedup: a second ensure for the same key returns the same row, not a new one.
+	dup, created2, err := repo.EnsureQueued(ctx, newArtifact(t, fileID, "hash-recovery"))
+	if err != nil || created2 || dup.ID != row.ID {
+		t.Fatalf("dedup EnsureQueued = (%s, created=%v, %v), want existing %s", dup.ID, created2, err, row.ID)
+	}
+
+	// Worker 1 claims the job; worker 2 finds nothing (no double-encode).
+	claim, err := repo.ClaimNext(ctx, "worker-1", time.Minute)
+	if err != nil || claim.ID != row.ID || claim.Status != ArtifactRunning || claim.Attempts != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("ClaimNext = (%+v, %v), want running attempts=1", claim, err)
+	}
+	if _, err := repo.ClaimNext(ctx, "worker-2", time.Minute); !errors.Is(err, ErrNoArtifactJob) {
+		t.Fatalf("second ClaimNext err = %v, want ErrNoArtifactJob", err)
+	}
+
+	// Simulate a crash: expire the lease, then run the startup sweep.
+	if _, err := pool.Exec(ctx, `UPDATE download_artifacts SET lease_expires_at = now() - interval '1 minute' WHERE id = $1`, row.ID); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expire lease: %v", err)
+	}
+	reclaimed, err := repo.ReclaimExpiredLeases(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("reclaim: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(reclaimed) != 1 || reclaimed[0].ID != row.ID || reclaimed[0].Terminal {
+		t.Fatalf("reclaimed = %+v, want one non-terminal %s", reclaimed, row.ID)
+	}
+	back, err := repo.GetByID(ctx, row.ID)
+	if err != nil || back.Status != ArtifactQueued {
+		t.Fatalf("after reclaim status = %v (%v), want queued (no permanent running)", back.Status, err)
+	}
+
+	// Another worker reclaims and completes it.
+	claim2, err := repo.ClaimNext(ctx, "worker-2", time.Minute)
+	if err != nil || claim2.ID != row.ID || claim2.Attempts != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("reclaim ClaimNext = (%+v, %v), want attempts=2", claim2, err)
+	}
+	if applied, err := repo.MarkReady(ctx, row.ID, "worker-2", claim2.OutputPath, 4242); err != nil || !applied {
+		t.Fatalf("MarkReady = (%v, %v), want (true, nil)", applied, err)
+	}
+	done, err := repo.GetByKey(ctx, fileID, "transcode", "hash-recovery")
+	if err != nil || done.Status != ArtifactReady || done.FileSize != 4242 {
+		t.Fatalf("final = (%+v, %v), want ready size=4242", done, err)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestArtifactRetryUntilTerminal verifies attempt counting and backoff: a job
+// retries behind its backoff gate until max_attempts, then goes terminal-failed.
+func TestArtifactRetryUntilTerminal(t *testing.T) {
+	repo, pool, fileID := newArtifactTestRepo(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	row, _, err := repo.EnsureQueued(ctx, newArtifact(t, fileID, "hash-retry"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("EnsureQueued: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	for attempt := 1; attempt <= 3; attempt++ {
+		claim, err := repo.ClaimNext(ctx, "worker", time.Minute)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("attempt %d ClaimNext: %v", attempt, err)
+		}
+		if claim.Attempts != attempt {
+			t.Fatalf("attempt %d: attempts = %d", attempt, claim.Attempts)
+		}
+		terminal, applied, err := repo.MarkFailedOrRetry(ctx, row.ID, "worker", "boom", 30*time.Second)
+		if err != nil || !applied {
+			t.Fatalf("attempt %d MarkFailedOrRetry = (%v, %v, %v)", attempt, terminal, applied, err)
+		}
+		if attempt < 3 {
+			if terminal {
+				t.Fatalf("attempt %d went terminal too early", attempt)
+			}
+			// Behind the backoff gate the job is not yet claimable.
+			if _, err := repo.ClaimNext(ctx, "worker", time.Minute); !errors.Is(err, ErrNoArtifactJob) {
+				t.Fatalf("attempt %d: job claimable during backoff", attempt)
+			}
+			if _, err := pool.Exec(ctx, `UPDATE download_artifacts SET next_retry_at = now() - interval '1 second' WHERE id = $1`, row.ID); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("clear backoff: %v", err)
+			}
+		} else if !terminal {
+			t.Fatalf("final attempt should be terminal")
+		}
+	}
+
+	failed, err := repo.GetByID(ctx, row.ID)
+	if err != nil || failed.Status != ArtifactFailed {
+		t.Fatalf("final status = %v (%v), want failed", failed.Status, err)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestArtifactMarkFencedByOwner verifies MarkReady/MarkFailedOrRetry only apply
+// for the worker that currently holds the lease, so a worker whose lease was
+// stolen (e.g. a slow encode reclaimed by another node) cannot flip a job it no
+// longer owns — the double-encode guard behind invariant 3.
+func TestArtifactMarkFencedByOwner(t *testing.T) {
+	repo, _, fileID := newArtifactTestRepo(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	row, _, err := repo.EnsureQueued(ctx, newArtifact(t, fileID, "hash-fence"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("EnsureQueued: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := repo.ClaimNext(ctx, "owner-1", time.Minute); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ClaimNext: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// A non-owner cannot mark the job ready or failed.
+	if applied, err := repo.MarkReady(ctx, row.ID, "owner-2", "/tmp/x.mp4", 10); err != nil || applied {
+		t.Fatalf("MarkReady(non-owner) = (%v, %v), want (false, nil)", applied, err)
+	}
+	if _, applied, err := repo.MarkFailedOrRetry(ctx, row.ID, "owner-2", "boom", time.Second); err != nil || applied {
+		t.Fatalf("MarkFailedOrRetry(non-owner) applied = %v (%v), want false", applied, err)
+	}
+
+	// The job remains claimable-state 'running' and untouched.
+	mid, err := repo.GetByID(ctx, row.ID)
+	if err != nil || mid.Status != ArtifactRunning {
+		t.Fatalf("status after fenced writes = %v (%v), want running", mid.Status, err)
+	}
+
+	// The real owner succeeds.
+	if applied, err := repo.MarkReady(ctx, row.ID, "owner-1", "/tmp/x.mp4", 10); err != nil || !applied {
+		t.Fatalf("MarkReady(owner) = (%v, %v), want (true, nil)", applied, err)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestHasActiveLinkCoversEphemeralRows pins the eviction guard: an ephemeral
+// (device-less web) download row must protect its artifact from LRU cleanup
+// exactly like a managed row does, and terminal rows must not.
+func TestHasActiveLinkCoversEphemeralRows(t *testing.T) {
+	repo, pool, fileID := newArtifactTestRepo(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	art := newArtifact(t, fileID, fmt.Sprintf("hash-link-%d", time.Now().UnixNano()))
+	if _, _, err := repo.EnsureQueued(ctx, art); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ensure artifact: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var userID int
+	if err := pool.QueryRow(ctx,
+		`INSERT INTO users (username, role, download_allowed) VALUES ($1, 'user', true) RETURNING id`,
+		fmt.Sprintf("linkuser-%d", time.Now().UnixNano()),
+	).Scan(&userID); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed user: %v", err)
+	}
+	contentID := fmt.Sprintf("link-content-%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_, _ = pool.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM downloads WHERE user_id = $1`, userID)
+		_, _ = pool.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM users WHERE id = $1`, userID)
+	})
+
+	dlRepo := NewRepository(pool)
+	now := time.Now()
+	dlID := fmt.Sprintf("dl-link-%d", now.UnixNano())
+	if err := dlRepo.Create(ctx, &Download{
+		ID: dlID, UserID: userID, MediaFileID: fileID, ContentID: contentID,
+		Kind: KindQueued, Status: StatusReady, Format: FormatTranscode,
+		ArtifactID: art.ID, FileSize: 1024, CreatedAt: now, UpdatedAt: now,
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("create ephemeral download: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	active, err := repo.HasActiveLink(ctx, art.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("HasActiveLink: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !active {
+		t.Fatal("ephemeral ready row must protect its artifact from eviction")
+	}
+
+	if _, err := pool.Exec(ctx, `UPDATE downloads SET status = 'cancelled' WHERE id = $1`, dlID); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("cancel download: %v", err)
+	}
+	active, err = repo.HasActiveLink(ctx, art.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("HasActiveLink after cancel: %v", err)
+	}
+	if active {
+		t.Fatal("terminal-only links must not protect an artifact")
+	}
+}

internal/downloads/artifact_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+package downloads
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/config"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/models"
+)
+
+func TestParamsHashStableAndDistinct(t *testing.T) {
+	base := paramsHash("transcode", "mp4", "h264", "aac", "1080p", -1, 10000, false)
+	if base == "" || len(base) != 64 {
+		t.Fatalf("params hash should be a 64-char sha256 hex, got %q", base)
+	}
+	// Deterministic for identical inputs (dedup key).
+	if again := paramsHash("transcode", "mp4", "h264", "aac", "1080p", -1, 10000, false); again != base {
+		t.Fatalf("params hash not stable: %q != %q", base, again)
+	}
+	// Distinct when any parameter differs.
+	for _, other := range []string{
+		paramsHash("remux", "mp4", "h264", "aac", "1080p", -1, 10000, false),
+		paramsHash("transcode", "mp4", "hevc", "aac", "1080p", -1, 10000, false),
+		paramsHash("transcode", "mp4", "h264", "aac", "720p", -1, 10000, false),
+		paramsHash("transcode", "mp4", "h264", "aac", "1080p", 1, 10000, false),
+		paramsHash("transcode", "mp4", "h264", "aac", "1080p", -1, 5000, false),
+		paramsHash("transcode", "mp4", "h264", "aac", "1080p", -1, 10000, true),
+	} {
+		if other == base {
+			t.Fatalf("params hash collision: %q", other)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestArtifactOutputPathDeterministic(t *testing.T) {
+	p1 := artifactOutputPath("/var/artifacts", 42, "transcode", "abcdef0123456789deadbeef")
+	p2 := artifactOutputPath("/var/artifacts", 42, "transcode", "abcdef0123456789deadbeef")
+	if p1 != p2 {
+		t.Fatalf("output path not deterministic: %q != %q", p1, p2)
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(p1, "/var/artifacts/") || !strings.HasSuffix(p1, ".mp4") {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected output path %q", p1)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(p1, "42_transcode_") {
+		t.Fatalf("output path missing identity components: %q", p1)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEffectiveArtifactDir(t *testing.T) {
+	// Explicit config wins verbatim.
+	if got := effectiveArtifactDir("/data/artifacts", "/tmp/silo-transcode"); got != "/data/artifacts" {
+		t.Fatalf("explicit dir = %q, want /data/artifacts", got)
+	}
+	// Unset: a sibling of the transcode dir, never inside it (the transcode
+	// cleanup sweep would otherwise delete a nested artifact dir) and never the
+	// process cwd (a relative/empty path).
+	got := effectiveArtifactDir("", "/var/lib/silo/transcode")
+	if got != "/var/lib/silo/silo-download-artifacts" {
+		t.Fatalf("default dir = %q, want sibling of transcode dir", got)
+	}
+	if strings.HasPrefix(got, "/var/lib/silo/transcode/") {
+		t.Fatalf("default dir %q is nested under the transcode dir", got)
+	}
+	// Unset transcode dir falls back to the absolute default root, not "".
+	fallback := effectiveArtifactDir("", "")
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(fallback, "/") {
+		t.Fatalf("fallback dir %q is not absolute", fallback)
+	}
+}
+
+type fakeUserRepo struct{ user *models.User }
+
+func (f fakeUserRepo) GetByID(context.Context, int) (*models.User, error) { return f.user, nil }
+
+func TestCapabilityQualityPresetsGating(t *testing.T) {
+	newSvc := func(user *models.User, transcodeEnabled bool) *Service {
+		cfg := config.DownloadConfig{Enabled: true, TranscodeEnabled: transcodeEnabled}
+		return NewService(nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, fakeUserRepo{user}, nil, nil, &cfg)
+	}
+	allowAll := &models.User{DownloadAllowed: true, DownloadTranscodeAllowed: true}
+
+	// No artifact pipeline wired → only original is fulfillable.
+	svc := newSvc(allowAll, true)
+	capInfo, err := svc.Capability(context.Background(), 1)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got := strings.Join(capInfo.QualityPresets, ","); got != "original" {
+		t.Fatalf("quality presets without pipeline = %q, want original", got)
+	}
+
+	// Pipeline wired + transcode server/user gates open → full bitrate ladder.
+	svc = newSvc(allowAll, true)
+	svc.SetArtifactManager(&ArtifactManager{})
+	capInfo, _ = svc.Capability(context.Background(), 1)
+	if got := strings.Join(capInfo.QualityPresets, ","); got != "original,20mbps,10mbps,5mbps,2mbps,1mbps" {
+		t.Fatalf("quality presets with pipeline = %q, want full ladder", got)
+	}
+
+	// Transcode gated off (user flag) → original only.
+	svc = newSvc(&models.User{DownloadAllowed: true, DownloadTranscodeAllowed: false}, true)
+	svc.SetArtifactManager(&ArtifactManager{})
+	capInfo, _ = svc.Capability(context.Background(), 1)
+	if got := strings.Join(capInfo.QualityPresets, ","); got != "original" {
+		t.Fatalf("quality presets with transcode gated = %q, want original", got)
+	}
+
+	// Download permission revoked → an EMPTY array, never nil: the capability
+	// contract documents quality_presets as an array, and a nil slice would
+	// serialize as JSON null and break typed clients.
+	svc = newSvc(&models.User{DownloadAllowed: false}, true)
+	capInfo, _ = svc.Capability(context.Background(), 1)
+	if capInfo.QualityPresets == nil {
+		t.Fatal("quality presets for a denied user must be an empty array, not nil")
+	}
+	if len(capInfo.QualityPresets) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("quality presets for a denied user = %v, want empty", capInfo.QualityPresets)
+	}
+	if b, err := json.Marshal(capInfo.QualityPresets); err != nil || string(b) != "[]" {
+		t.Fatalf("quality presets serialize to %s (%v), want []", b, err)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestTriggerDrainDoesNotBlockCaller pins the async-dispatch contract:
+// Ensure runs on request goroutines and the kick drains the whole encode
+// queue (ffmpeg included), so triggerDrain must return without waiting on it.
+func TestTriggerDrainDoesNotBlockCaller(t *testing.T) {
+	m := &ArtifactManager{}
+	started := make(chan struct{})
+	release := make(chan struct{})
+	m.SetKick(func() {
+		close(started)
+		<-release
+	})
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		m.triggerDrain()
+		close(done)
+	}()
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("triggerDrain blocked on the kick; it must dispatch asynchronously")
+	}
+	select {
+	case <-started:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("kick was never invoked")
+	}
+	close(release)
+}

internal/downloads/artifacts.go

@@ -0,0 +1,582 @@
+package downloads
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/config"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/idgen"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/models"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/playback"
+)
+
+const (
+	artifactLease       = 2 * time.Minute
+	artifactHeartbeat   = 40 * time.Second
+	artifactMaxAttempts = 3
+)
+
+// EncodePreparer produces a single finalized file for an artifact. The default
+// implementation calls playback.PrepareFile; tests substitute a fake.
+type EncodePreparer interface {
+	PrepareFile(ctx context.Context, opts playback.TranscodeOpts, outputPath string) error
+}
+
+type playbackPreparer struct{}
+
+func (playbackPreparer) PrepareFile(ctx context.Context, opts playback.TranscodeOpts, outputPath string) error {
+	return playback.PrepareFile(ctx, opts, outputPath)
+}
+
+// NewPlaybackPreparer returns the production EncodePreparer (ffmpeg-backed).
+func NewPlaybackPreparer() EncodePreparer { return playbackPreparer{} }
+
+// ArtifactNotifier publishes an event when a linked download changes state.
+type ArtifactNotifier func(ctx context.Context, d *Download)
+
+// ArtifactManager owns the durable encode queue: it ensures/deduplicates encode
+// jobs, drains them through a bounded worker pool with leased heartbeats, and
+// recovers stranded jobs on startup.
+type ArtifactManager struct {
+	repo      *ArtifactRepository
+	downloads *Repository
+	fileRepo  FileResolver
+	preparer  EncodePreparer
+	owner     string
+	liveCfg   func() *config.Config
+	notify    ArtifactNotifier
+
+	mu             sync.Mutex
+	kick           func()
+	lastDiskSweep  time.Time
+	lastStaleSweep time.Time
+}
+
+// maintenanceInterval spaces the disk-presence and stale-row sweeps: both are
+// O(cache size) (stats / extra queries) and their failure modes self-heal, so
+// running them on every 30s task tick is steady-state waste that grows with
+// the artifact cache. The first run after startup always executes.
+const maintenanceInterval = time.Hour
+
+// maintenanceDue reports whether the sweep guarded by last is due, advancing
+// the stamp when it is.
+func (m *ArtifactManager) maintenanceDue(last *time.Time) bool {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	if !last.IsZero() && time.Since(*last) < maintenanceInterval {
+		return false
+	}
+	*last = time.Now()
+	return true
+}
+
+// NewArtifactManager constructs an ArtifactManager. liveCfg reads the current
+// config (artifact dir, worker-pool size, byte budget, ffmpeg/hwaccel); owner is
+// this node's id for lease ownership; notify (optional) publishes ready/failed.
+func NewArtifactManager(
+	repo *ArtifactRepository,
+	downloadRepo *Repository,
+	fileRepo FileResolver,
+	preparer EncodePreparer,
+	owner string,
+	liveCfg func() *config.Config,
+	notify ArtifactNotifier,
+) *ArtifactManager {
+	if preparer == nil {
+		preparer = playbackPreparer{}
+	}
+	if owner == "" {
+		owner = "node"
+	}
+	return &ArtifactManager{
+		repo: repo, downloads: downloadRepo, fileRepo: fileRepo, preparer: preparer,
+		owner: owner, liveCfg: liveCfg, notify: notify,
+	}
+}
+
+// SetKick wires a low-latency drain trigger (e.g. taskmanager RunTask) invoked
+// when a new job is enqueued.
+func (m *ArtifactManager) SetKick(kick func()) {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	m.kick = kick
+	m.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// Ready returns a ready artifact for serving and bumps its LRU timestamp.
+// Returns ErrDownloadNotActive when the artifact is not yet ready.
+func (m *ArtifactManager) Ready(ctx context.Context, id string) (*Artifact, error) {
+	a, err := m.repo.GetByID(ctx, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if a.Status != ArtifactReady {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("artifact is %s: %w", a.Status, ErrDownloadNotActive)
+	}
+	_ = m.repo.TouchLastUsed(ctx, id)
+	return a, nil
+}
+
+func (m *ArtifactManager) downloadConfig() config.DownloadConfig {
+	if m.liveCfg != nil {
+		if c := m.liveCfg(); c != nil {
+			return c.Download
+		}
+	}
+	return config.DownloadConfig{}
+}
+
+// artifactDir resolves the effective output directory for prepared artifacts,
+// defaulting under the transcode dir when download.artifact_dir is unset so
+// encodes never write relative to the process working directory.
+func (m *ArtifactManager) artifactDir() string {
+	var artifactDir, transcodeDir string
+	if m.liveCfg != nil {
+		if c := m.liveCfg(); c != nil {
+			artifactDir = c.Download.ArtifactDir
+			transcodeDir = c.Playback.TranscodeDir
+		}
+	}
+	return effectiveArtifactDir(artifactDir, transcodeDir)
+}
+
+// Ensure deduplicates and (when new) enqueues an encode job for file in the
+// given format, returning the current artifact row. The deterministic
+// output_path keeps a reclaimed job idempotent.
+func (m *ArtifactManager) Ensure(ctx context.Context, file *models.MediaFile, format string, target playback.PrepareTarget) (*Artifact, error) {
+	hash := paramsHash(format, target.Container, target.CodecVideo, target.CodecAudio, target.Resolution, target.AudioTrackIndex, target.TargetBitrateKbps, false)
+	id, err := idgen.NextID()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	a := &Artifact{
+		ID:                id,
+		MediaFileID:       file.ID,
+		Format:            format,
+		ParamsHash:        hash,
+		Container:         target.Container,
+		CodecVideo:        target.CodecVideo,
+		CodecAudio:        target.CodecAudio,
+		Resolution:        target.Resolution,
+		AudioTrackIndex:   target.AudioTrackIndex,
+		TargetBitrateKbps: target.TargetBitrateKbps,
+		OutputPath:        artifactOutputPath(m.artifactDir(), file.ID, format, hash),
+		MaxAttempts:       artifactMaxAttempts,
+	}
+	row, created, err := m.repo.EnsureQueued(ctx, a)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if row.Status == ArtifactReady {
+		_ = m.repo.TouchLastUsed(ctx, row.ID)
+		return row, nil
+	}
+	// A terminally-failed dedup row would otherwise strand every new download
+	// linked to it in 'preparing' forever (no drain is triggered for an existing
+	// row). Requeue it for a fresh attempt so the new download can resolve — or
+	// fail cleanly via reconciliation once the encode is exhausted again.
+	if row.Status == ArtifactFailed {
+		switch err := m.repo.Requeue(ctx, row.ID); {
+		case errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound):
+			// The failed row was swept between EnsureQueued and Requeue:
+			// create a fresh job instead of linking to a dead artifact id.
+			if row, _, err = m.repo.EnsureQueued(ctx, a); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		case err != nil:
+			return nil, err
+		default:
+			row.Status = ArtifactQueued
+		}
+		m.triggerDrain()
+		return row, nil
+	}
+	if created {
+		m.triggerDrain()
+	}
+	return row, nil
+}
+
+func (m *ArtifactManager) triggerDrain() {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	kick := m.kick
+	m.mu.Unlock()
+	if kick != nil {
+		// Ensure is called on request goroutines and the kick runs the encode
+		// task to completion (the task manager serializes concurrent runs), so
+		// it must never execute inline: a POST /downloads would otherwise block
+		// on the entire queue drain, ffmpeg encodes included.
+		go kick()
+	}
+}
+
+// RunOnce performs a startup-safe recovery sweep and then drains the queue
+// until empty. It is safe to call concurrently across nodes; FOR UPDATE SKIP
+// LOCKED prevents double-encoding.
+func (m *ArtifactManager) RunOnce(ctx context.Context) error {
+	m.recover(ctx)
+	return m.drain(ctx)
+}
+
+// recover repairs state a crash or lost lease can leave behind: it reclaims
+// expired-lease running rows (back to queued, or failed when attempts are
+// exhausted), reconciles linked downloads against terminal artifact states, and
+// re-queues ready artifacts whose output file is missing on disk. Safe to run
+// repeatedly (each step is idempotent).
+func (m *ArtifactManager) recover(ctx context.Context) {
+	if _, err := m.repo.ReclaimExpiredLeases(ctx); err != nil {
+		slog.Warn("download artifact lease reclaim failed", "error", err)
+	}
+
+	// Reconcile downloads stranded in 'preparing' against their artifact's
+	// terminal state: this closes the non-transactional window between an
+	// artifact's MarkReady and its MarkLinkedDownloadsReady, and fails the links
+	// of any artifact that reached 'failed' (including the rows just reclaimed to
+	// failed above) so a download can never sit 'preparing' forever.
+	readyFlipped, failedFlipped, err := m.downloads.ReconcileLinkedDownloads(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Warn("reconciling linked downloads failed", "error", err)
+	} else {
+		for _, d := range readyFlipped {
+			m.publish(ctx, d)
+		}
+		for _, d := range failedFlipped {
+			m.publish(ctx, d)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Disk-presence sweep: stats every ready file, so it runs on the startup
+	// pass and then hourly rather than on every tick.
+	if !m.maintenanceDue(&m.lastDiskSweep) {
+		return
+	}
+	ready, err := m.repo.ListReady(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Warn("download artifact ready scan failed", "error", err)
+		return
+	}
+	for _, a := range ready {
+		if a.OutputPath == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, statErr := os.Stat(a.OutputPath); statErr != nil {
+			slog.Warn("download artifact output missing, re-queuing", "artifact_id", a.ID, "path", a.OutputPath)
+			if err := m.repo.Requeue(ctx, a.ID); err != nil {
+				slog.Warn("re-queue artifact failed", "artifact_id", a.ID, "error", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			m.triggerDrain()
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// drain claims and encodes jobs through a bounded worker pool until the queue is
+// empty or the context is canceled.
+func (m *ArtifactManager) drain(ctx context.Context) error {
+	maxConcurrent := m.downloadConfig().MaxConcurrentPrepares
+	if maxConcurrent <= 0 {
+		maxConcurrent = 2
+	}
+	sem := make(chan struct{}, maxConcurrent)
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for {
+		// Acquire a worker slot BEFORE claiming. A claimed job is leased but only
+		// heartbeated once encodeOne runs; claiming first and then blocking for a
+		// slot would leave the job leased-but-unattended, so its lease could lapse
+		// while it waits — letting another node steal it and encode the same
+		// output path concurrently. Reserving the slot first closes that window.
+		select {
+		case sem <- struct{}{}:
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			wg.Wait()
+			return ctx.Err()
+		}
+		job, err := m.repo.ClaimNext(ctx, m.owner, artifactLease)
+		if err != nil {
+			<-sem // release the slot we reserved but won't use
+			if errors.Is(err, ErrNoArtifactJob) {
+				break
+			}
+			wg.Wait()
+			return err // includes context cancellation (pgx honors ctx)
+		}
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(a *Artifact) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			defer func() { <-sem }()
+			m.encodeOne(ctx, a)
+		}(job)
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// encodeOne runs one claimed job to completion, extending its lease via a
+// heartbeat, and links/notifies the dependent download rows on the outcome.
+func (m *ArtifactManager) encodeOne(ctx context.Context, a *Artifact) {
+	hbCtx, cancelHB := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer cancelHB()
+	// heartbeatLoop cancels hbCtx if the lease is lost; PrepareFile runs on hbCtx
+	// so that cancellation aborts ffmpeg, ensuring we never keep writing the
+	// output path after another worker has taken the job.
+	go m.heartbeatLoop(hbCtx, cancelHB, a.ID)
+
+	file, err := m.fileRepo.GetByID(ctx, a.MediaFileID)
+	if err != nil || file == nil {
+		m.failJob(ctx, a, "source media file unavailable")
+		return
+	}
+
+	opts := m.buildOpts(file, a)
+	if err := m.preparer.PrepareFile(hbCtx, opts, a.OutputPath); err != nil {
+		switch {
+		case ctx.Err() != nil:
+			// Parent shutting down: leave the job 'running'; its lease expires and
+			// recovery (here or on another node) reclaims it.
+			return
+		case hbCtx.Err() != nil:
+			// We lost the lease mid-encode; another worker now owns the job.
+			slog.Warn("download artifact encode aborted; lease lost", "artifact_id", a.ID)
+			return
+		default:
+			slog.Warn("download artifact encode failed", "artifact_id", a.ID, "error", err)
+			m.failJob(ctx, a, err.Error())
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	var size int64
+	if fi, statErr := os.Stat(a.OutputPath); statErr == nil {
+		size = fi.Size()
+	}
+	// Fenced on lease ownership: if we lost the lease between encode and commit,
+	// applied is false and the current owner is responsible for flipping links —
+	// do not flip them here or we would race/duplicate that owner's work.
+	applied, err := m.repo.MarkReady(ctx, a.ID, m.owner, a.OutputPath, size)
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Error("marking artifact ready failed", "artifact_id", a.ID, "error", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if !applied {
+		slog.Warn("download artifact ready skipped; lease lost", "artifact_id", a.ID)
+		return
+	}
+	flipped, err := m.downloads.MarkLinkedDownloadsReady(ctx, a.ID, size)
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Error("flipping linked downloads ready failed", "artifact_id", a.ID, "error", err)
+		return
+	}
+	for _, d := range flipped {
+		m.publish(ctx, d)
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *ArtifactManager) failJob(ctx context.Context, a *Artifact, msg string) {
+	terminal, applied, err := m.repo.MarkFailedOrRetry(ctx, a.ID, m.owner, msg, backoffFor(a.Attempts))
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Error("marking artifact failed/retry errored", "artifact_id", a.ID, "error", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if !applied {
+		// Lease lost; the current owner is responsible for the job's outcome.
+		return
+	}
+	if terminal {
+		m.failLinkedDownloads(ctx, a.ID, msg)
+	} else {
+		m.triggerDrain()
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *ArtifactManager) failLinkedDownloads(ctx context.Context, artifactID, msg string) {
+	flipped, err := m.downloads.MarkLinkedDownloadsFailed(ctx, artifactID, msg)
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Error("flipping linked downloads failed errored", "artifact_id", artifactID, "error", err)
+		return
+	}
+	for _, d := range flipped {
+		m.publish(ctx, d)
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *ArtifactManager) publish(ctx context.Context, d *Download) {
+	if m.notify != nil {
+		m.notify(ctx, d)
+	}
+}
+
+// heartbeatLoop extends the job's lease until ctx is done. If the lease is lost
+// (another worker stole it, or the row is gone) it calls cancel to abort the
+// encode so two workers never write the same output path. A transient DB error
+// is retried on the next tick rather than aborting a healthy encode.
+func (m *ArtifactManager) heartbeatLoop(ctx context.Context, cancel context.CancelFunc, id string) {
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(artifactHeartbeat)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			ok, err := m.repo.Heartbeat(ctx, id, m.owner, artifactLease)
+			switch {
+			case err != nil && ctx.Err() != nil:
+				return // encode finished or shutting down
+			case err != nil:
+				slog.Warn("download artifact heartbeat errored", "artifact_id", id, "error", err)
+			case !ok:
+				slog.Warn("download artifact lease lost; aborting encode", "artifact_id", id)
+				cancel()
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *ArtifactManager) buildOpts(file *models.MediaFile, a *Artifact) playback.TranscodeOpts {
+	cfg := config.Config{}
+	if m.liveCfg != nil {
+		if c := m.liveCfg(); c != nil {
+			cfg = *c
+		}
+	}
+	return playback.TranscodeOpts{
+		InputPath:          file.FilePath,
+		SourceVideoCodec:   file.CodecVideo,
+		TargetCodecVideo:   a.CodecVideo,
+		TargetCodecAudio:   a.CodecAudio,
+		TargetResolution:   a.Resolution,
+		TargetBitrateKbps:  a.TargetBitrateKbps,
+		AudioTrackIndex:    a.AudioTrackIndex,
+		SubtitleTrackIndex: -1,
+		FFmpegPath:         cfg.Playback.FFmpegPath,
+		HWAccel:            cfg.Playback.HWAccel,
+		HWDevice:           cfg.Playback.HWDevice,
+		TotalDuration:      float64(file.Duration),
+	}
+}
+
+// Hygiene retention windows. These remove only rows nothing can serve again —
+// terminally-failed jobs (linked downloads already flipped to failed by
+// reconciliation) and ready artifacts whose every referencing download row was
+// deleted — plus ephemeral web rows past their convenience-record lifetime.
+// The server-disk *quota* is download.artifact_max_bytes (see the download
+// limits & restrictions design); this sweep is not a quota.
+const (
+	failedArtifactRetention    = 24 * time.Hour
+	unlinkedArtifactRetention  = 30 * 24 * time.Hour
+	ephemeralDownloadRetention = 7 * 24 * time.Hour
+)
+
+// Cleanup runs the hygiene sweep, then evicts ready artifacts (LRU first) once
+// the total exceeds the byte budget, never removing one still linked by any
+// active download row (managed or ephemeral) — only artifacts whose links are
+// all terminal are evictable.
+func (m *ArtifactManager) Cleanup(ctx context.Context) error {
+	m.sweepStale(ctx)
+	budget := m.downloadConfig().ArtifactMaxBytes
+	if budget <= 0 {
+		return nil // unlimited
+	}
+	total, err := m.repo.TotalReadyBytes(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if total <= budget {
+		return nil
+	}
+	candidates, err := m.repo.ListReady(ctx) // least-recently-used first
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, a := range candidates {
+		if total <= budget {
+			break
+		}
+		active, err := m.repo.HasActiveLink(ctx, a.ID)
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Warn("artifact link check failed", "artifact_id", a.ID, "error", err)
+			continue
+		}
+		if active {
+			continue
+		}
+		if a.OutputPath != "" {
+			if err := os.Remove(a.OutputPath); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+				slog.Warn("removing evicted artifact file failed", "artifact_id", a.ID, "error", err)
+			}
+		}
+		if err := m.repo.DeleteArtifact(ctx, a.ID); err != nil {
+			slog.Warn("deleting evicted artifact row failed", "artifact_id", a.ID, "error", err)
+			continue
+		}
+		slog.Info("evicted download artifact (LRU)", "artifact_id", a.ID, "bytes", a.FileSize)
+		total -= a.FileSize
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// sweepStale is the age-based hygiene pass: cold terminally-failed artifacts
+// (with their leftover .part files), orphaned ready artifacts no download row
+// references, and expired ephemeral download rows. Best-effort; every step
+// logs and continues.
+func (m *ArtifactManager) sweepStale(ctx context.Context) {
+	if !m.maintenanceDue(&m.lastStaleSweep) {
+		return
+	}
+	now := time.Now()
+	if failed, err := m.repo.ListFailedBefore(ctx, now.Add(-failedArtifactRetention)); err != nil {
+		slog.Warn("failed-artifact sweep list failed", "error", err)
+	} else {
+		for _, a := range failed {
+			m.removeArtifact(ctx, a, "failed")
+		}
+	}
+	if orphans, err := m.repo.ListUnlinkedReadyBefore(ctx, now.Add(-unlinkedArtifactRetention)); err != nil {
+		slog.Warn("unlinked-artifact sweep list failed", "error", err)
+	} else {
+		for _, a := range orphans {
+			m.removeArtifact(ctx, a, "unlinked")
+		}
+	}
+	if m.downloads != nil {
+		if n, err := m.downloads.PruneEphemeralOlderThan(ctx, now.Add(-ephemeralDownloadRetention)); err != nil {
+			slog.Warn("ephemeral download prune failed", "error", err)
+		} else if n > 0 {
+			slog.Info("pruned expired ephemeral downloads", "rows", n)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// removeArtifact deletes an artifact's output file, its .part leftover, and
+// its row. Used by the hygiene sweep for rows nothing can serve again.
+func (m *ArtifactManager) removeArtifact(ctx context.Context, a *Artifact, reason string) {
+	if a.OutputPath != "" {
+		if err := os.Remove(a.OutputPath); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			slog.Warn("removing swept artifact file failed", "artifact_id", a.ID, "error", err)
+		}
+		if err := os.Remove(a.OutputPath + ".part"); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			slog.Warn("removing swept artifact partial failed", "artifact_id", a.ID, "error", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := m.repo.DeleteArtifact(ctx, a.ID); err != nil {
+		slog.Warn("deleting swept artifact row failed", "artifact_id", a.ID, "error", err)
+		return
+	}
+	slog.Info("swept stale download artifact", "artifact_id", a.ID, "reason", reason, "bytes", a.FileSize)
+}
+
+// backoffFor returns the retry delay for the next attempt after a failure.
+func backoffFor(attempts int) time.Duration {
+	if attempts < 1 {
+		attempts = 1
+	}
+	d := time.Duration(attempts) * 30 * time.Second
+	if d > 5*time.Minute {
+		d = 5 * time.Minute
+	}
+	return d
+}

internal/downloads/bandwidth.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package download
+package downloads
 
 import (
 	"context"
@@ -65,12 +65,14 @@ func (bm *BandwidthManager) getUserLimiter(userID int) *rate.Limiter {
 		return nil
 	}
 	if v, ok := bm.userLimiters.Load(userID); ok {
-		return v.(*rate.Limiter)
+		lim, _ := v.(*rate.Limiter)
+		return lim
 	}
 	burst := max(int(ubps/4), 32*1024)
 	limiter := rate.NewLimiter(rate.Limit(ubps), burst)
 	actual, _ := bm.userLimiters.LoadOrStore(userID, limiter)
-	return actual.(*rate.Limiter)
+	lim, _ := actual.(*rate.Limiter)
+	return lim
 }
 
 // ThrottledReader wraps an io.ReadSeeker with bandwidth limiting for the given user.

internal/downloads/limiter.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package download
+package downloads
 
 import (
 	"context"

internal/downloads/manifest.go

@@ -0,0 +1,490 @@
+package downloads
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/catalog"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/models"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/subtitles"
+)
+
+// manifestVersion is bumped whenever the OfflineManifest DTO shape changes.
+const manifestVersion = 2
+
+const apiDownloadsPrefix = "/api/v1/downloads/"
+
+// ManifestSource assembles catalog detail for a content id. GetItemDetail
+// enforces per-profile content/library access via its filter, which doubles as
+// the manifest/artwork access re-check.
+type ManifestSource interface {
+	GetItemDetail(ctx context.Context, contentID string, filter catalog.AccessFilter) (*catalog.ItemDetail, error)
+}
+
+// SubtitleSource enumerates and fetches downloaded (S3) subtitle assets.
+type SubtitleSource interface {
+	ListDownloadedSubtitles(ctx context.Context, mediaFileID int) ([]subtitles.DownloadedSubtitle, error)
+	GetSubtitleContent(ctx context.Context, id int) (*subtitles.DownloadedSubtitle, []byte, error)
+}
+
+// Marker is a time range (intro/credits/recap/preview) in seconds.
+type Marker struct {
+	Start float64 `json:"start"`
+	End   float64 `json:"end"`
+}
+
+// OfflineChapter is a chapter with only stable references (no presigned URL).
+type OfflineChapter struct {
+	Index              int     `json:"index"`
+	Title              string  `json:"title,omitempty"`
+	StartSeconds       float64 `json:"start_seconds"`
+	EndSeconds         float64 `json:"end_seconds"`
+	ThumbnailThumbhash string  `json:"thumbnail_thumbhash,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// OfflineSubtitle is one downloadable subtitle asset. FetchURL is an
+// authenticated proxy endpoint, never a presigned URL.
+type OfflineSubtitle struct {
+	Language        string `json:"language"`
+	Format          string `json:"format"`
+	Forced          bool   `json:"forced"`
+	HearingImpaired bool   `json:"hearing_impaired"`
+	External        bool   `json:"external"`
+	FetchURL        string `json:"fetch_url"`
+	FileSize        int64  `json:"file_size,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// OfflineAudioTrack describes audio streams the client may expose offline.
+type OfflineAudioTrack struct {
+	Index      int    `json:"index"`
+	Title      string `json:"title,omitempty"`
+	Language   string `json:"language,omitempty"`
+	Codec      string `json:"codec,omitempty"`
+	Layout     string `json:"layout,omitempty"`
+	Channels   int    `json:"channels,omitempty"`
+	Bitrate    int    `json:"bitrate,omitempty"`
+	SampleRate int    `json:"sample_rate,omitempty"`
+	Default    bool   `json:"default"`
+}
+
+// OfflineIdentity mirrors userstore.WatchIdentity so a client can re-resolve
+// content_id after a server-side rescan.
+type OfflineIdentity struct {
+	StableType        string            `json:"stable_type,omitempty"`
+	ProviderIDs       map[string]string `json:"provider_ids,omitempty"`
+	SeriesProviderIDs map[string]string `json:"series_provider_ids,omitempty"`
+	Season            *int              `json:"season,omitempty"`
+	Episode           *int              `json:"episode,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// OfflineIntegrity gives clients stable metadata for local file validation.
+type OfflineIntegrity struct {
+	ExpectedBytes int64  `json:"expected_bytes"`
+	MediaFileHash string `json:"media_file_hash,omitempty"`
+	MetadataETag  string `json:"metadata_etag"`
+}
+
+// OfflineManifest is the stable, presigned-URL-free bundle a client stores to
+// play a managed download fully offline.
+type OfflineManifest struct {
+	DownloadID        string `json:"download_id"`
+	ContentID         string `json:"content_id"`
+	EpisodeID         string `json:"episode_id,omitempty"`
+	Type              string `json:"type"`
+	Revision          int    `json:"revision"`
+	Quality           string `json:"quality"`
+	EffectiveQuality  string `json:"effective_quality"`
+	DeliveryFormat    string `json:"delivery_format"`
+	TargetBitrateKbps int    `json:"target_bitrate_kbps"`
+	MediaFileID       int    `json:"media_file_id"`
+	FileSize          int64  `json:"file_size"`
+
+	Title         string   `json:"title"`
+	Year          int      `json:"year,omitempty"`
+	Overview      string   `json:"overview,omitempty"`
+	Runtime       int      `json:"runtime,omitempty"`
+	ContentRating string   `json:"content_rating,omitempty"`
+	Genres        []string `json:"genres,omitempty"`
+	SeriesID      string   `json:"series_id,omitempty"`
+	SeriesTitle   string   `json:"series_title,omitempty"`
+	SeasonNumber  *int     `json:"season_number,omitempty"`
+	EpisodeNumber *int     `json:"episode_number,omitempty"`
+
+	// Artwork: stable thumbhashes inline + authenticated proxy URLs (never
+	// presigned S3 URLs). The client downloads the proxy URLs once.
+	PosterThumbhash   string `json:"poster_thumbhash,omitempty"`
+	BackdropThumbhash string `json:"backdrop_thumbhash,omitempty"`
+	ArtworkURLs       struct {
+		Poster   string `json:"poster,omitempty"`
+		Backdrop string `json:"backdrop,omitempty"`
+		Logo     string `json:"logo,omitempty"`
+	} `json:"artwork_urls"`
+
+	Container               string              `json:"container"`
+	CodecVideo              string              `json:"codec_video"`
+	CodecAudio              string              `json:"codec_audio"`
+	Resolution              string              `json:"resolution"`
+	HDR                     bool                `json:"hdr"`
+	Duration                int                 `json:"duration_seconds"`
+	SelectedAudioTrackIndex *int                `json:"selected_audio_track_index,omitempty"`
+	AudioTracks             []OfflineAudioTrack `json:"audio_tracks,omitempty"`
+
+	Chapters []OfflineChapter `json:"chapters,omitempty"`
+	Intro    *Marker          `json:"intro,omitempty"`
+	Credits  *Marker          `json:"credits,omitempty"`
+	Recap    *Marker          `json:"recap,omitempty"`
+	Preview  *Marker          `json:"preview,omitempty"`
+
+	Subtitles []OfflineSubtitle `json:"subtitles"`
+
+	StableIdentity OfflineIdentity  `json:"stable_identity"`
+	Integrity      OfflineIntegrity `json:"integrity"`
+
+	ManifestVersion int    `json:"manifest_version"`
+	GeneratedAt     string `json:"generated_at"`
+}
+
+// ManifestBuilder assembles an OfflineManifest from the catalog detail path and
+// the download's subtitle assets, stripping every presigned URL.
+type ManifestBuilder struct {
+	detail   ManifestSource
+	subs     SubtitleSource
+	fileRepo FileResolver
+	// artifact resolves a download's linked prepared artifact so artifact-backed
+	// manifests can describe the delivered file instead of the catalog source.
+	artifact func(ctx context.Context, id string) (*Artifact, error)
+}
+
+// NewManifestBuilder constructs a ManifestBuilder. artifact may be nil when no
+// prepare-to-file pipeline exists (only original downloads are servable then).
+func NewManifestBuilder(detail ManifestSource, subs SubtitleSource, fileRepo FileResolver, artifact func(ctx context.Context, id string) (*Artifact, error)) *ManifestBuilder {
+	return &ManifestBuilder{detail: detail, subs: subs, fileRepo: fileRepo, artifact: artifact}
+}
+
+// Build assembles the manifest for a managed entry. The filter enforces the
+// requesting profile's content access (GetItemDetail returns
+// catalog.ErrItemNotFound when denied).
+func (b *ManifestBuilder) Build(ctx context.Context, dl *Download, filter catalog.AccessFilter) (*OfflineManifest, error) {
+	return b.build(ctx, dl, filter, nil)
+}
+
+// build is Build with an optional per-batch series-detail cache: a season
+// batch shares one series, so the batch endpoint resolves its detail once
+// instead of once per episode.
+func (b *ManifestBuilder) build(ctx context.Context, dl *Download, filter catalog.AccessFilter, seriesCache map[string]*catalog.ItemDetail) (*OfflineManifest, error) {
+	detail, err := b.detail.GetItemDetail(ctx, manifestContentID(dl), filter)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	file := b.lookupFile(ctx, dl.MediaFileID)
+	var seriesDetail *catalog.ItemDetail
+	if dl.EpisodeID != "" && detail.SeriesID != "" {
+		if cached, ok := seriesCache[detail.SeriesID]; ok {
+			seriesDetail = cached
+		} else if sd, err := b.detail.GetItemDetail(ctx, detail.SeriesID, filter); err == nil {
+			seriesDetail = sd
+			if seriesCache != nil {
+				seriesCache[detail.SeriesID] = sd
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	m := &OfflineManifest{
+		DownloadID:        dl.ID,
+		ContentID:         dl.ContentID,
+		EpisodeID:         dl.EpisodeID,
+		Type:              detail.Type,
+		Revision:          dl.Revision,
+		Quality:           dl.Quality,
+		EffectiveQuality:  dl.EffectiveQuality,
+		DeliveryFormat:    dl.Format,
+		TargetBitrateKbps: dl.TargetBitrateKbps,
+		MediaFileID:       dl.MediaFileID,
+		FileSize:          dl.FileSize,
+		Title:             detail.Title,
+		Year:              detail.Year,
+		Overview:          detail.Overview,
+		Runtime:           detail.Runtime,
+		ContentRating:     detail.ContentRating,
+		Genres:            detail.Genres,
+		SeriesID:          detail.SeriesID,
+		SeriesTitle:       detail.SeriesTitle,
+		SeasonNumber:      detail.SeasonNumber,
+		EpisodeNumber:     detail.EpisodeNumber,
+		PosterThumbhash:   detail.PosterThumbhash,
+		BackdropThumbhash: detail.BackdropThumbhash,
+		Intro:             toMarker(detail.Intro),
+		Credits:           toMarker(detail.Credits),
+		Recap:             toMarker(detail.Recap),
+		Preview:           toMarker(detail.Preview),
+		StableIdentity:    stableIdentity(dl, detail, seriesDetail),
+		Integrity:         buildIntegrity(dl, file),
+		ManifestVersion:   manifestVersion,
+		GeneratedAt:       time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339),
+	}
+
+	// Artwork: emit a proxy URL only when the source actually has the image.
+	if detail.PosterURL != "" {
+		m.ArtworkURLs.Poster = artworkProxyURL(dl.ID, "poster")
+	}
+	if detail.BackdropURL != "" {
+		m.ArtworkURLs.Backdrop = artworkProxyURL(dl.ID, "backdrop")
+	}
+	if detail.LogoURL != "" {
+		m.ArtworkURLs.Logo = artworkProxyURL(dl.ID, "logo")
+	}
+
+	if v := pickVersion(detail, dl.MediaFileID); v != nil {
+		m.Container = v.Container
+		m.CodecVideo = v.CodecVideo
+		m.CodecAudio = v.CodecAudio
+		m.Resolution = v.Resolution
+		m.HDR = v.HDR
+		m.Duration = v.Duration
+		m.SelectedAudioTrackIndex = v.EffectiveAudioTrackIndex
+		m.AudioTracks = toOfflineAudioTracks(v.AudioTracks)
+		m.Chapters = toOfflineChapters(v.Chapters)
+	}
+
+	// Remux/transcode entries deliver the prepared artifact, not the catalog
+	// source: describe that file so the client picks the right decoder/tracks.
+	if dl.Format != FormatOriginal && dl.ArtifactID != "" && b.artifact != nil {
+		if a, err := b.artifact(ctx, dl.ArtifactID); err == nil && a != nil {
+			applyArtifactParams(m, a)
+		}
+	}
+
+	m.Subtitles = b.buildSubtitles(ctx, dl, file)
+	return m, nil
+}
+
+// applyArtifactParams overwrites the source file's media parameters with the
+// prepared artifact's target parameters. "copy" targets keep the source value.
+func applyArtifactParams(m *OfflineManifest, a *Artifact) {
+	if a.Container != "" {
+		m.Container = a.Container
+	}
+	if a.CodecVideo != "" && a.CodecVideo != "copy" {
+		m.CodecVideo = a.CodecVideo
+	}
+	if a.CodecAudio != "" && a.CodecAudio != "copy" {
+		m.CodecAudio = a.CodecAudio
+	}
+	if a.Resolution != "" {
+		m.Resolution = a.Resolution
+	}
+	// A prepared file contains exactly one audio stream — the track the encode
+	// selected (playback.PrepareFile maps a single audio track).
+	if len(m.AudioTracks) > 0 {
+		idx := a.AudioTrackIndex
+		if idx < 0 || idx >= len(m.AudioTracks) {
+			idx = 0
+		}
+		track := m.AudioTracks[idx]
+		track.Index = 0
+		track.Default = true
+		if a.CodecAudio != "" && a.CodecAudio != "copy" {
+			track.Codec = a.CodecAudio
+		}
+		m.AudioTracks = []OfflineAudioTrack{track}
+		selected := 0
+		m.SelectedAudioTrackIndex = &selected
+	}
+}
+
+// buildSubtitles enumerates external (sidecar) + downloaded (S3) subtitle assets
+// for the download's media file (already loaded by build — no re-fetch).
+// Embedded tracks live inside the downloaded video file and need no separate
+// fetch.
+func (b *ManifestBuilder) buildSubtitles(ctx context.Context, dl *Download, file *models.MediaFile) []OfflineSubtitle {
+	out := []OfflineSubtitle{}
+
+	if file != nil {
+		for i, ext := range file.ExternalSubtitles {
+			var size int64
+			if info, statErr := os.Stat(ext.Path); statErr == nil {
+				size = info.Size()
+			}
+			out = append(out, OfflineSubtitle{
+				Language:        ext.Language,
+				Format:          ext.Format,
+				Forced:          ext.Forced,
+				HearingImpaired: ext.HearingImpaired,
+				External:        true,
+				FetchURL:        subtitleProxyURL(dl.ID, fmt.Sprintf("external:%d", i)),
+				FileSize:        size,
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	if b.subs != nil {
+		if downloaded, err := b.subs.ListDownloadedSubtitles(ctx, dl.MediaFileID); err == nil {
+			for _, sub := range downloaded {
+				out = append(out, OfflineSubtitle{
+					Language:        sub.Language,
+					Format:          string(sub.Format),
+					HearingImpaired: sub.HearingImpaired,
+					External:        false,
+					FetchURL:        subtitleProxyURL(dl.ID, fmt.Sprintf("downloaded:%d", sub.ID)),
+				})
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return out
+}
+
+func (b *ManifestBuilder) lookupFile(ctx context.Context, mediaFileID int) *models.MediaFile {
+	if b.fileRepo == nil || mediaFileID <= 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	file, err := b.fileRepo.GetByID(ctx, mediaFileID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return file
+}
+
+// manifestContentID resolves the item the manifest describes: the episode's own
+// content id for episode entries, otherwise the movie's content id.
+func manifestContentID(dl *Download) string {
+	if dl.EpisodeID != "" {
+		return dl.EpisodeID
+	}
+	return dl.ContentID
+}
+
+func artworkProxyURL(downloadID, kind string) string {
+	return apiDownloadsPrefix + downloadID + "/artwork/" + kind
+}
+
+func subtitleProxyURL(downloadID, ref string) string {
+	return apiDownloadsPrefix + downloadID + "/subtitles/" + ref
+}
+
+func pickVersion(detail *catalog.ItemDetail, mediaFileID int) *catalog.FileVersion {
+	for i := range detail.Versions {
+		if detail.Versions[i].FileID == mediaFileID {
+			return &detail.Versions[i]
+		}
+	}
+	if len(detail.Versions) > 0 {
+		return &detail.Versions[0]
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func toMarker(m *catalog.Marker) *Marker {
+	if m == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &Marker{Start: m.Start, End: m.End}
+}
+
+func toOfflineChapters(chapters []catalog.VersionChapter) []OfflineChapter {
+	if len(chapters) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]OfflineChapter, 0, len(chapters))
+	for _, c := range chapters {
+		out = append(out, OfflineChapter{
+			Index:              c.Index,
+			Title:              c.Title,
+			StartSeconds:       c.StartSeconds,
+			EndSeconds:         c.EndSeconds,
+			ThumbnailThumbhash: c.ThumbnailThumbhash,
+		})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func toOfflineAudioTracks(tracks []models.AudioTrack) []OfflineAudioTrack {
+	if len(tracks) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]OfflineAudioTrack, 0, len(tracks))
+	for i, t := range tracks {
+		out = append(out, OfflineAudioTrack{
+			Index:      i,
+			Title:      firstNonEmpty(t.Title, t.EmbeddedTitle),
+			Language:   t.Language,
+			Codec:      t.Codec,
+			Layout:     t.Layout,
+			Channels:   t.Channels,
+			Bitrate:    t.Bitrate,
+			SampleRate: t.SampleRate,
+			Default:    t.Default,
+		})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func stableIdentity(dl *Download, detail, seriesDetail *catalog.ItemDetail) OfflineIdentity {
+	providerIDs := map[string]string{}
+	addProviderIDs(providerIDs, detail)
+	id := OfflineIdentity{
+		StableType:  detail.Type,
+		ProviderIDs: providerIDs,
+		Season:      detail.SeasonNumber,
+		Episode:     detail.EpisodeNumber,
+	}
+	if dl.EpisodeID != "" {
+		id.StableType = "episode"
+		seriesProviderIDs := map[string]string{}
+		addProviderIDs(seriesProviderIDs, seriesDetail)
+		if len(seriesProviderIDs) > 0 {
+			id.SeriesProviderIDs = seriesProviderIDs
+		}
+	}
+	if len(providerIDs) == 0 {
+		id.ProviderIDs = nil
+	}
+	return id
+}
+
+func addProviderIDs(out map[string]string, detail *catalog.ItemDetail) {
+	if detail == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if detail.ImdbID != "" {
+		out["imdb"] = detail.ImdbID
+	}
+	if detail.TmdbID != "" {
+		out["tmdb"] = detail.TmdbID
+	}
+	if detail.TvdbID != "" {
+		out["tvdb"] = detail.TvdbID
+	}
+}
+
+func buildIntegrity(dl *Download, file *models.MediaFile) OfflineIntegrity {
+	hash := ""
+	modified := ""
+	if file != nil {
+		hash = file.FileHash
+		if file.FileModifiedAt != nil {
+			modified = file.FileModifiedAt.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339Nano)
+		}
+	}
+	sum := sha256.Sum256([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("%s|%d|%s|%s|%s|%d|%d|%s",
+		dl.ID, dl.Revision, dl.Format, dl.Quality,
+		dl.EffectiveQuality, dl.TargetBitrateKbps, dl.FileSize, modified)))
+	return OfflineIntegrity{
+		ExpectedBytes: dl.FileSize,
+		MediaFileHash: hash,
+		MetadataETag:  hex.EncodeToString(sum[:]),
+	}
+}
+
+func firstNonEmpty(values ...string) string {
+	for _, v := range values {
+		if v != "" {
+			return v
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}

internal/downloads/manifest_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+package downloads
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/catalog"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/models"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/subtitles"
+)
+
+type fakeManifestSource struct {
+	detail *catalog.ItemDetail
+	err    error
+}
+
+func (f fakeManifestSource) GetItemDetail(context.Context, string, catalog.AccessFilter) (*catalog.ItemDetail, error) {
+	if f.err != nil {
+		return nil, f.err
+	}
+	return f.detail, nil
+}
+
+type fakeSubtitleSource struct {
+	downloaded []subtitles.DownloadedSubtitle
+}
+
+func (f fakeSubtitleSource) ListDownloadedSubtitles(context.Context, int) ([]subtitles.DownloadedSubtitle, error) {
+	return f.downloaded, nil
+}
+
+func (f fakeSubtitleSource) GetSubtitleContent(context.Context, int) (*subtitles.DownloadedSubtitle, []byte, error) {
+	return nil, nil, ErrAssetNotFound
+}
+
+type fakeFileResolver struct {
+	file *models.MediaFile
+}
+
+func (f fakeFileResolver) GetByID(context.Context, int) (*models.MediaFile, error) {
+	return f.file, nil
+}
+func (f fakeFileResolver) GetByContentID(context.Context, string) ([]*models.MediaFile, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+func (f fakeFileResolver) GetByEpisodeID(context.Context, string) ([]*models.MediaFile, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+func (f fakeFileResolver) ListByEpisodeIDs(context.Context, []string) (map[string][]*models.MediaFile, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// TestManifestBuilderDeniesRestrictedProfile is the Phase 2 acceptance criterion
+// at the source: when the requesting profile is denied content access,
+// GetItemDetail returns ErrItemNotFound and Build propagates it.
+func TestManifestBuilderDeniesRestrictedProfile(t *testing.T) {
+	b := NewManifestBuilder(fakeManifestSource{err: catalog.ErrItemNotFound}, nil, nil, nil)
+	_, err := b.Build(context.Background(), &Download{ID: "dl1", ContentID: "c1"}, catalog.AccessFilter{})
+	if !errors.Is(err, catalog.ErrItemNotFound) {
+		t.Fatalf("Build err = %v, want catalog.ErrItemNotFound", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestManifestBuilderAssembles(t *testing.T) {
+	detail := &catalog.ItemDetail{
+		Type:              "movie",
+		Title:             "The Movie",
+		Year:              2021,
+		Overview:          "A film.",
+		Runtime:           120,
+		ContentRating:     "PG-13",
+		Genres:            []string{"Drama"},
+		PosterURL:         "https://s3.example.com/poster.jpg?sig=SECRET",
+		PosterThumbhash:   "PHASH",
+		BackdropURL:       "https://s3.example.com/backdrop.jpg?sig=SECRET",
+		BackdropThumbhash: "BHASH",
+		ImdbID:            "tt123",
+		TmdbID:            "456",
+		Intro:             &catalog.Marker{Start: 0, End: 60},
+		Versions: []catalog.FileVersion{{
+			FileID:     99,
+			Container:  "mkv",
+			CodecVideo: "h264",
+			CodecAudio: "aac",
+			Resolution: "1080p",
+			Duration:   7200,
+			Chapters: []catalog.VersionChapter{{
+				Index: 1, Title: "Opening", StartSeconds: 0, EndSeconds: 600,
+				ThumbnailURL: "https://s3.example.com/chap.jpg?sig=SECRET", ThumbnailThumbhash: "CHASH",
+			}},
+		}},
+	}
+	file := &models.MediaFile{ExternalSubtitles: []models.ExternalSubtitle{
+		{Path: "/media/sub.en.srt", Language: "en", Format: "srt", Forced: true},
+	}}
+	subs := fakeSubtitleSource{downloaded: []subtitles.DownloadedSubtitle{
+		{ID: 7, MediaFileID: 99, Language: "fr", Format: subtitles.SubtitleFormat("vtt")},
+	}}
+	b := NewManifestBuilder(fakeManifestSource{detail: detail}, subs, fakeFileResolver{file: file}, nil)
+
+	dl := &Download{ID: "dl1", ContentID: "c1", MediaFileID: 99, FileSize: 1024, Format: FormatOriginal}
+	m, err := b.Build(context.Background(), dl, catalog.AccessFilter{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Build: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if m.Title != "The Movie" || m.Year != 2021 || m.Runtime != 120 {
+		t.Fatalf("metadata mismatch: %+v", m)
+	}
+	if m.PosterThumbhash != "PHASH" || m.BackdropThumbhash != "BHASH" {
+		t.Fatalf("thumbhashes not inlined: %+v", m)
+	}
+	if m.ArtworkURLs.Poster != "/api/v1/downloads/dl1/artwork/poster" {
+		t.Fatalf("poster url = %q, want proxy path", m.ArtworkURLs.Poster)
+	}
+	if m.ArtworkURLs.Backdrop != "/api/v1/downloads/dl1/artwork/backdrop" {
+		t.Fatalf("backdrop url = %q, want proxy path", m.ArtworkURLs.Backdrop)
+	}
+	if m.ArtworkURLs.Logo != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("logo url = %q, want empty (no LogoURL)", m.ArtworkURLs.Logo)
+	}
+	if m.Container != "mkv" || m.CodecVideo != "h264" || m.Resolution != "1080p" || m.Duration != 7200 {
+		t.Fatalf("playback metadata mismatch: %+v", m)
+	}
+	if m.Intro == nil || m.Intro.End != 60 {
+		t.Fatalf("intro marker = %+v", m.Intro)
+	}
+	if len(m.Chapters) != 1 || m.Chapters[0].ThumbnailThumbhash != "CHASH" {
+		t.Fatalf("chapters = %+v", m.Chapters)
+	}
+	if len(m.Subtitles) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("subtitles = %+v, want 2", m.Subtitles)
+	}
+	if m.Subtitles[0].FetchURL != "/api/v1/downloads/dl1/subtitles/external:0" || !m.Subtitles[0].External {
+		t.Fatalf("external subtitle = %+v", m.Subtitles[0])
+	}
+	if m.Subtitles[1].FetchURL != "/api/v1/downloads/dl1/subtitles/downloaded:7" || m.Subtitles[1].External {
+		t.Fatalf("downloaded subtitle = %+v", m.Subtitles[1])
+	}
+	if m.StableIdentity.ProviderIDs["imdb"] != "tt123" || m.StableIdentity.ProviderIDs["tmdb"] != "456" {
+		t.Fatalf("stable identity = %+v", m.StableIdentity)
+	}
+	if m.ManifestVersion != manifestVersion {
+		t.Fatalf("manifest version = %d, want %d", m.ManifestVersion, manifestVersion)
+	}
+
+	// The whole point of the manifest: a stored copy must contain NO presigned
+	// URL. Serialize and assert the upstream signature/host never leaks.
+	encoded, err := json.Marshal(m)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal: %v", err)
+	}
+	for _, leak := range [][]byte{[]byte("sig=SECRET"), []byte("s3.example.com")} {
+		if bytes.Contains(encoded, leak) {
+			t.Fatalf("manifest leaks presigned URL fragment %q: %s", leak, encoded)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseSubtitleRef(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		ref       string
+		wantKind  string
+		wantValue int
+		wantErr   bool
+	}{
+		{"external:0", "external", 0, false},
+		{"external:12", "external", 12, false},
+		{"downloaded:7", "downloaded", 7, false},
+		{"bogus", "", 0, true},
+		{"external:x", "", 0, true},
+		{"weird:1", "", 0, true},
+		{"", "", 0, true},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.ref, func(t *testing.T) {
+			kind, value, err := parseSubtitleRef(tc.ref)
+			if tc.wantErr {
+				if !errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidSubtitleRef) {
+					t.Fatalf("parseSubtitleRef(%q) err = %v, want ErrInvalidSubtitleRef", tc.ref, err)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if err != nil || kind != tc.wantKind || value != tc.wantValue {
+				t.Fatalf("parseSubtitleRef(%q) = (%q, %d, %v)", tc.ref, kind, value, err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/downloads/model.go

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+// Package downloads owns the downloads domain: a single device-aware,
+// quality-aware registry shared by the web app and mobile clients for offline
+// playback. It replaces the former internal/download package, absorbing its
+// bandwidth/quota/serving logic and reshaping the table and /downloads contract. See
+// docs/superpowers/specs/2026-06-18-offline-sync-mobile-design.md.
+package downloads
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Format constants are internal delivery formats recorded on a download row.
+// They are not user-facing quality presets: clients choose a Quality*, then the
+// service records the concrete delivery format it can fulfill.
+const (
+	FormatOriginal  = "original"
+	FormatRemux     = "remux"
+	FormatTranscode = "transcode"
+)
+
+// Quality constants are the public download choices clients may request.
+const (
+	QualityOriginal = "original"
+	Quality20Mbps   = "20mbps"
+	Quality10Mbps   = "10mbps"
+	Quality5Mbps    = "5mbps"
+	Quality2Mbps    = "2mbps"
+	Quality1Mbps    = "1mbps"
+)
+
+// QualityPresets is the ordered UI/API ladder for download quality.
+var QualityPresets = []string{
+	QualityOriginal,
+	Quality20Mbps,
+	Quality10Mbps,
+	Quality5Mbps,
+	Quality2Mbps,
+	Quality1Mbps,
+}
+
+// Download status constants.
+const (
+	// Ephemeral / web lifecycle (unchanged from downloads v1):
+	// queued -> downloading -> completed | failed | canceled.
+	StatusQueued      = "queued"
+	StatusDownloading = "downloading"
+	StatusCompleted   = "completed"
+	StatusFailed      = "failed"
+	StatusCancelled   = "cancelled" //nolint:misspell // persisted DB enum value (migration 042)
+
+	// Managed device-entry lifecycle (Phase 1+):
+	// [preparing ->] ready -> completed, plus revoked (reserved for the
+	// admin revoke flow; see the download limits & restrictions design).
+	StatusPreparing = "preparing"
+	StatusReady     = "ready"
+	StatusRevoked   = "revoked"
+)
+
+// Download kind constants.
+const (
+	KindQueued = "queued"
+)
+
+// Sentinel errors.
+var (
+	ErrNotFound               = errors.New("download not found")
+	ErrDownloadNotAllowed     = errors.New("user is not allowed to download")
+	ErrFeatureDisabled        = errors.New("downloads are disabled")
+	ErrConcurrentLimitReached = errors.New("concurrent download limit reached")
+	ErrPeriodLimitReached     = errors.New("download period limit reached")
+	ErrDownloadNotActive      = errors.New("download is not in an active state")
+	ErrStatusConflict         = errors.New("download status transition conflict")
+	ErrTranscodeDisabled      = errors.New("download transcode is disabled")
+	ErrInvalidQuality         = errors.New("invalid download quality")
+	ErrProfileRequired        = errors.New("managed download requires a profile")
+	ErrInvalidStatus          = errors.New("invalid download status transition")
+	ErrManifestUnavailable    = errors.New("offline manifest is not available")
+	ErrInvalidSubtitleRef     = errors.New("invalid subtitle reference")
+	ErrAssetNotFound          = errors.New("download asset not found")
+	ErrFormatUnavailable      = errors.New("requested download format is not available")
+	// ErrQualityUnavailable means the requested quality is valid and permitted in
+	// principle but cannot be fulfilled by the current server wiring.
+	ErrQualityUnavailable = errors.New("requested download quality is not available")
+	// ErrBulkQualityUnavailable keeps season/series batches original-only until
+	// batch artifact UX and storage reporting are explicit.
+	ErrBulkQualityUnavailable = errors.New("bulk quality downloads are not available")
+	// ErrNoDownloadableEpisodes means a series/season download matched a valid
+	// series but none of its episodes have a downloadable file.
+	ErrNoDownloadableEpisodes = errors.New("no downloadable episodes found")
+
+	// Series-monitoring (download subscription) errors.
+	ErrSubscriptionNotFound     = errors.New("download subscription not found")
+	ErrSubscriptionsUnavailable = errors.New("download subscriptions are not available")
+	ErrInvalidSubscriptionMode  = errors.New("invalid subscription mode")
+	ErrSeasonsRequired          = errors.New("season_numbers is required for specific_seasons mode")
+	ErrInvalidSeasonNumbers     = errors.New("season_numbers contains an out-of-range season number")
+	ErrNotSeries                = errors.New("content_id is not a series")
+)
+
+// Download represents a row in the downloads table. It carries both the
+// ephemeral/web lifecycle (DeviceID == "") and the managed device-entry
+// lifecycle (DeviceID set); ProfileID/DeviceID/ArtifactID map to nullable
+// columns and are empty strings when unset.
+type Download struct {
+	ID                string
+	UserID            int
+	ProfileID         string // "" for ephemeral/web rows
+	DeviceID          string // "" = ephemeral; set = managed device entry
+	MediaFileID       int
+	ContentID         string
+	EpisodeID         string
+	BatchID           string
+	Kind              string // direct or queued
+	Status            string // see Status* constants
+	Format            string // internal delivery format; see Format* constants
+	Quality           string // user-requested quality; see Quality* constants
+	EffectiveQuality  string // actual quality after original compatibility fallback
+	TargetBitrateKbps int    // 0 for original/remux; bitrate cap for transcode
+	Revision          int    // increments when a managed row is replaced in place
+	ArtifactID        string // "" until a remux/transcode artifact is linked (Phase 3)
+	FileSize          int64
+	BytesSent         int64
+	ErrorMessage      string
+	CreatedAt         time.Time
+	UpdatedAt         time.Time
+	CompletedAt       *time.Time
+}
+
+// SkippedDownload explains why a bulk series/season request did not create a
+// row for an episode.
+type SkippedDownload struct {
+	EpisodeID string `json:"episode_id"`
+	Reason    string `json:"reason"`
+}
+
+// IsManaged reports whether this is a managed device-library entry (DeviceID set)
+// rather than an ephemeral/account-level row.
+func (d *Download) IsManaged() bool {
+	return d.DeviceID != ""
+}

internal/downloads/offline.go

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+package downloads
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/catalog"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/playback"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/subtitles"
+)
+
+// authorizeManagedAsset applies invariant-2 row authorization (user, profile,
+// device) and the revoked guard to a managed entry before any asset is served.
+// The per-profile content-access re-check is performed by each caller (via
+// GetItemDetail or EnsureAccessible) before bytes leave the server.
+func (s *Service) authorizeManagedAsset(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID, downloadID string) (*Download, error) {
+	if _, err := s.enabledConfig(ctx); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if profileID == "" || deviceID == "" {
+		return nil, ErrProfileRequired
+	}
+	dl, err := s.repo.GetManagedByID(ctx, downloadID, userID, profileID, deviceID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if dl.Status == StatusRevoked {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("download is revoked: %w", ErrDownloadNotActive)
+	}
+	return dl, nil
+}
+
+// BuildManifest returns the offline manifest for a managed entry, authorized on
+// (user, profile, device) with a per-profile content-access re-check inside the
+// builder's GetItemDetail call.
+func (s *Service) BuildManifest(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID, downloadID string, filter catalog.AccessFilter) (*OfflineManifest, error) {
+	dl, err := s.authorizeManagedAsset(ctx, userID, profileID, deviceID, downloadID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if s.manifest == nil {
+		return nil, ErrManifestUnavailable
+	}
+	return s.manifest.Build(ctx, dl, filter)
+}
+
+// SkippedManifest reports a batch entry whose manifest could not be built —
+// one bad episode (revoked, deleted from the catalog, access-filtered) must
+// not make the rest of a season's manifests unfetchable.
+type SkippedManifest struct {
+	DownloadID string `json:"download_id"`
+	Reason     string `json:"reason"` // revoked | not_found | error
+}
+
+// BuildBatchManifests returns the manifests for every managed entry in a batch
+// owned by the calling profile/device, plus the entries it had to skip.
+// Entries in one batch share a series, so the series detail is resolved once.
+func (s *Service) BuildBatchManifests(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID, batchID string, filter catalog.AccessFilter) ([]*OfflineManifest, []SkippedManifest, error) {
+	if _, err := s.enabledConfig(ctx); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if profileID == "" || deviceID == "" {
+		return nil, nil, ErrProfileRequired
+	}
+	if s.manifest == nil {
+		return nil, nil, ErrManifestUnavailable
+	}
+	rows, err := s.repo.ListManagedByBatch(ctx, userID, profileID, deviceID, batchID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if len(rows) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil, ErrNotFound
+	}
+	out := make([]*OfflineManifest, 0, len(rows))
+	skipped := make([]SkippedManifest, 0)
+	seriesCache := make(map[string]*catalog.ItemDetail, 1)
+	for _, dl := range rows {
+		if dl.Status == StatusRevoked {
+			skipped = append(skipped, SkippedManifest{DownloadID: dl.ID, Reason: "revoked"})
+			continue
+		}
+		m, err := s.manifest.build(ctx, dl, filter, seriesCache)
+		if err != nil {
+			reason := "error"
+			if errors.Is(err, catalog.ErrItemNotFound) {
+				reason = "not_found"
+			} else {
+				slog.Warn("batch manifest build failed", "download_id", dl.ID, "batch_id", batchID, "error", err)
+			}
+			skipped = append(skipped, SkippedManifest{DownloadID: dl.ID, Reason: reason})
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, m)
+	}
+	return out, skipped, nil
+}
+
+// ServeArtwork streams poster/backdrop/logo bytes for a managed entry through
+// the image resolver (never a presigned redirect), re-checking per-profile
+// access via GetItemDetail before serving.
+func (s *Service) ServeArtwork(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, userID int, profileID, deviceID, downloadID, kind string, filter catalog.AccessFilter) error {
+	dl, err := s.authorizeManagedAsset(ctx, userID, profileID, deviceID, downloadID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if s.artworkSource == nil {
+		return ErrManifestUnavailable
+	}
+	detail, err := s.artworkSource.GetItemDetail(ctx, manifestContentID(dl), filter)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	var url string
+	switch kind {
+	case "poster":
+		url = detail.PosterURL
+	case "backdrop":
+		url = detail.BackdropURL
+	case "logo":
+		url = detail.LogoURL
+	default:
+		return ErrAssetNotFound
+	}
+	if url == "" {
+		return ErrAssetNotFound
+	}
+	return s.streamArtwork(ctx, w, r, url)
+}
+
+func (s *Service) streamArtwork(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request, url string) error {
+	client := s.httpClient
+	if client == nil {
+		client = http.DefaultClient
+	}
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("building artwork request: %w", err)
+	}
+	resp, err := client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("fetching artwork: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return fmt.Errorf("artwork upstream status %d: %w", resp.StatusCode, ErrAssetNotFound)
+	}
+	if ct := resp.Header.Get("Content-Type"); ct != "" {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", ct)
+	}
+	if cl := resp.Header.Get("Content-Length"); cl != "" {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Length", cl)
+	}
+	// Artwork is immutable for a stored manifest; let the client cache it once.
+	w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "private, max-age=31536000, immutable")
+	if _, err := io.Copy(w, resp.Body); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("streaming artwork: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ServeSubtitle streams a subtitle asset (external sidecar or downloaded S3 file)
+// for a managed entry, authorized on (user, profile, device) with a per-profile
+// content-access re-check. ref encodes "external:{index}" or "downloaded:{id}".
+func (s *Service) ServeSubtitle(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request, userID int, profileID, deviceID, downloadID, ref string, filter catalog.AccessFilter) error {
+	dl, err := s.authorizeManagedAsset(ctx, userID, profileID, deviceID, downloadID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := s.itemAccess.EnsureAccessible(ctx, dl.ContentID, filter); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	kind, value, err := parseSubtitleRef(ref)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	switch kind {
+	case "external":
+		idx := value
+		file, err := s.fileRepo.GetByID(ctx, dl.MediaFileID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("loading media file: %w", err)
+		}
+		if file == nil || idx < 0 || idx >= len(file.ExternalSubtitles) {
+			return ErrAssetNotFound
+		}
+		ext := file.ExternalSubtitles[idx]
+		data, err := playback.LoadExternalSubtitleRaw(ext.Path)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("reading external subtitle: %w", ErrAssetNotFound)
+		}
+		writeSubtitle(w, ext.Format, data)
+		return nil
+	case "downloaded":
+		if s.subtitleSource == nil {
+			return ErrManifestUnavailable
+		}
+		sub, data, err := s.subtitleSource.GetSubtitleContent(ctx, value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("loading downloaded subtitle: %w", ErrAssetNotFound)
+		}
+		// The subtitle must belong to this download's media file; a download id
+		// never grants access to an arbitrary subtitle id.
+		if sub == nil || sub.MediaFileID != dl.MediaFileID {
+			return ErrAssetNotFound
+		}
+		writeSubtitle(w, string(sub.Format), data)
+		return nil
+	default:
+		return ErrInvalidSubtitleRef
+	}
+}
+
+// parseSubtitleRef parses a subtitle reference of the form "external:{index}"
+// or "downloaded:{id}" into its kind and integer value.
+func parseSubtitleRef(ref string) (kind string, value int, err error) {
+	k, v, ok := strings.Cut(ref, ":")
+	if !ok {
+		return "", 0, ErrInvalidSubtitleRef
+	}
+	switch k {
+	case "external", "downloaded":
+		n, perr := strconv.Atoi(v)
+		if perr != nil {
+			return "", 0, ErrInvalidSubtitleRef
+		}
+		return k, n, nil
+	default:
+		return "", 0, ErrInvalidSubtitleRef
+	}
+}
+
+// writeSubtitle writes subtitle bytes with a format-appropriate content type
+// (the shared subtitles mapping — no local copy to drift).
+func writeSubtitle(w http.ResponseWriter, format string, data []byte) {
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", subtitles.SubtitleContentType(subtitles.SubtitleFormat(strings.ToLower(format))))
+	w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "private, max-age=31536000, immutable")
+	_, _ = w.Write(data)
+}

internal/downloads/offline_batch_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+package downloads
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/catalog"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/config"
+)
+
+// mapManifestSource serves per-content-id details and counts lookups, so tests
+// can assert both access-denial handling and the per-batch series cache.
+type mapManifestSource struct {
+	details map[string]*catalog.ItemDetail
+	calls   map[string]int
+}
+
+func (m *mapManifestSource) GetItemDetail(_ context.Context, contentID string, _ catalog.AccessFilter) (*catalog.ItemDetail, error) {
+	m.calls[contentID]++
+	if d, ok := m.details[contentID]; ok {
+		return d, nil
+	}
+	return nil, catalog.ErrItemNotFound
+}
+
+// TestBuildBatchManifestsSkipsAndCachesSeries pins two batch behaviors: one
+// bad entry (deleted/access-filtered item) is reported in skipped[] instead of
+// failing the whole batch, and the shared series detail is resolved once for
+// the batch rather than once per episode.
+func TestBuildBatchManifestsSkipsAndCachesSeries(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	f := seedManagedFixture(t)
+
+	batchID := fmt.Sprintf("batch-%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+	now := time.Now()
+	mkRow := func(n int, episodeID string) string {
+		id := fmt.Sprintf("dl-batch-%d-%d", n, now.UnixNano())
+		if err := f.repo.Create(ctx, &Download{
+			ID: id, UserID: f.userID, ProfileID: f.profileA, DeviceID: f.deviceA,
+			MediaFileID: f.fileID, ContentID: f.contentID, EpisodeID: episodeID,
+			BatchID: batchID, Kind: KindQueued, Status: StatusReady,
+			Format: FormatOriginal, FileSize: 1024, CreatedAt: now, UpdatedAt: now,
+		}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("create row %d: %v", n, err)
+		}
+		return id
+	}
+	ep1 := mkRow(1, "ep-c1")
+	ep2 := mkRow(2, "ep-c2")
+	gone := mkRow(3, "ep-gone")
+
+	src := &mapManifestSource{
+		details: map[string]*catalog.ItemDetail{
+			"ep-c1":    {Type: "episode", Title: "E1", SeriesID: "series-1"},
+			"ep-c2":    {Type: "episode", Title: "E2", SeriesID: "series-1"},
+			"series-1": {Type: "series", Title: "The Show"},
+		},
+		calls: map[string]int{},
+	}
+	svc := NewService(f.repo, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, &config.DownloadConfig{Enabled: true})
+	svc.SetOfflineDeps(src, nil, nil)
+
+	manifests, skipped, err := svc.BuildBatchManifests(ctx, f.userID, f.profileA, f.deviceA, batchID, catalog.AccessFilter{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("BuildBatchManifests: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(manifests) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("manifests = %d, want 2", len(manifests))
+	}
+	got := map[string]bool{manifests[0].DownloadID: true, manifests[1].DownloadID: true}
+	if !got[ep1] || !got[ep2] {
+		t.Fatalf("manifest ids = %v, want %s and %s", got, ep1, ep2)
+	}
+	if len(skipped) != 1 || skipped[0].DownloadID != gone || skipped[0].Reason != "not_found" {
+		t.Fatalf("skipped = %+v, want [{%s not_found}]", skipped, gone)
+	}
+	if calls := src.calls["series-1"]; calls != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("series detail resolved %d times for one batch, want 1", calls)
+	}
+}

internal/downloads/policy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+package downloads
+
+import (
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/config"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/models"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/playback"
+)
+
+// QualityDecision is the resolved server-side target for a public download
+// quality request.
+type QualityDecision struct {
+	RequestedQuality  string
+	EffectiveQuality  string
+	DeliveryFormat    string
+	TargetBitrateKbps int
+	PrepareTarget     playback.PrepareTarget
+	RequiresArtifact  bool
+}
+
+// DownloadQualityResolver validates a client-facing quality request and maps it
+// to the concrete delivery format and encode target the server should record.
+type DownloadQualityResolver struct{}
+
+// Resolve returns a concrete delivery decision for file. Empty quality defaults
+// to "original"; legacy user-facing delivery formats are intentionally rejected.
+func (DownloadQualityResolver) Resolve(
+	requested string,
+	user *models.User,
+	cfg config.DownloadConfig,
+	file *models.MediaFile,
+	caps playback.ClientCapabilities,
+	artifactsAvailable bool,
+) (QualityDecision, error) {
+	quality := normalizeQuality(requested)
+	if !ValidQuality(quality) {
+		return QualityDecision{}, ErrInvalidQuality
+	}
+
+	if quality != QualityOriginal {
+		if err := ensureTranscodeAllowed(user, cfg); err != nil {
+			return QualityDecision{}, err
+		}
+		if !artifactsAvailable {
+			return QualityDecision{}, ErrQualityUnavailable
+		}
+		bitrate := QualityBitrateKbps(quality)
+		target := playback.ResolvePrepareTarget(file, FormatTranscode, caps, playback.AdminSettings{
+			TranscodeEnabled: true,
+			Allow4KTranscode: true,
+		})
+		target.TargetBitrateKbps = bitrate
+		return QualityDecision{
+			RequestedQuality:  quality,
+			EffectiveQuality:  quality,
+			DeliveryFormat:    FormatTranscode,
+			TargetBitrateKbps: bitrate,
+			PrepareTarget:     target,
+			RequiresArtifact:  true,
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	decision := playback.PlayDirect
+	if hasCapabilities(caps) {
+		playDecision := playback.Resolve(file, caps, playback.AdminSettings{
+			TranscodeEnabled: cfg.TranscodeEnabled && user.DownloadTranscodeAllowed,
+			Allow4KTranscode: true,
+		})
+		decision = playDecision.Method
+	}
+
+	switch decision {
+	case playback.PlayDirect:
+		return QualityDecision{
+			RequestedQuality: QualityOriginal,
+			EffectiveQuality: QualityOriginal,
+			DeliveryFormat:   FormatOriginal,
+		}, nil
+	case playback.PlayRemux:
+		if !artifactsAvailable {
+			return QualityDecision{}, ErrQualityUnavailable
+		}
+		target := playback.ResolvePrepareTarget(file, FormatRemux, caps, playback.AdminSettings{
+			TranscodeEnabled: cfg.TranscodeEnabled && user.DownloadTranscodeAllowed,
+			Allow4KTranscode: true,
+		})
+		return QualityDecision{
+			RequestedQuality: QualityOriginal,
+			EffectiveQuality: QualityOriginal,
+			DeliveryFormat:   FormatRemux,
+			PrepareTarget:    target,
+			RequiresArtifact: true,
+		}, nil
+	default:
+		if err := ensureTranscodeAllowed(user, cfg); err != nil {
+			return QualityDecision{}, err
+		}
+		if !artifactsAvailable {
+			return QualityDecision{}, ErrQualityUnavailable
+		}
+		target := playback.ResolvePrepareTarget(file, FormatTranscode, caps, playback.AdminSettings{
+			TranscodeEnabled: true,
+			Allow4KTranscode: true,
+		})
+		target.TargetBitrateKbps = QualityBitrateKbps(Quality20Mbps)
+		return QualityDecision{
+			RequestedQuality:  QualityOriginal,
+			EffectiveQuality:  Quality20Mbps,
+			DeliveryFormat:    FormatTranscode,
+			TargetBitrateKbps: QualityBitrateKbps(Quality20Mbps),
+			PrepareTarget:     target,
+			RequiresArtifact:  true,
+		}, nil
+	}
+}
+
+// PresetsFor returns the ordered quality list currently fulfillable for a
+// user. Always non-nil: the capability contract documents quality_presets as
+// an array, and a nil slice would serialize as JSON null.
+func (DownloadQualityResolver) PresetsFor(user *models.User, cfg config.DownloadConfig, artifactsAvailable bool) []string {
+	if !cfg.Enabled || user == nil || !user.DownloadAllowed {
+		return []string{}
+	}
+	presets := []string{QualityOriginal}
+	if artifactsAvailable && cfg.TranscodeEnabled && user.DownloadTranscodeAllowed {
+		presets = append(presets, Quality20Mbps, Quality10Mbps, Quality5Mbps, Quality2Mbps, Quality1Mbps)
+	}
+	return presets
+}
+
+// ValidQuality reports whether q is a public download quality value.
+func ValidQuality(q string) bool {
+	switch q {
+	case QualityOriginal, Quality20Mbps, Quality10Mbps, Quality5Mbps, Quality2Mbps, Quality1Mbps:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// QualityBitrateKbps returns the video bitrate cap for a bitrate preset. It is
+// zero for original and invalid inputs.
+func QualityBitrateKbps(q string) int {
+	switch q {
+	case Quality20Mbps:
+		return 20000
+	case Quality10Mbps:
+		return 10000
+	case Quality5Mbps:
+		return 5000
+	case Quality2Mbps:
+		return 2000
+	case Quality1Mbps:
+		return 1000
+	default:
+		return 0
+	}
+}
+
+func normalizeQuality(q string) string {
+	if q == "" {
+		return QualityOriginal
+	}
+	return q
+}
+
+func ensureTranscodeAllowed(user *models.User, cfg config.DownloadConfig) error {
+	if !cfg.TranscodeEnabled {
+		return ErrTranscodeDisabled
+	}
+	if user == nil || !user.DownloadTranscodeAllowed {
+		return ErrDownloadNotAllowed
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func hasCapabilities(caps playback.ClientCapabilities) bool {
+	return len(caps.CodecsVideo) > 0 || len(caps.CodecsAudio) > 0 ||
+		len(caps.AudioPassthroughCodecs) > 0 || len(caps.Containers) > 0 ||
+		caps.MaxResolution != "" || caps.HDR
+}

internal/downloads/policy_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+package downloads
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/config"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/models"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/playback"
+)
+
+func TestDownloadQualityResolverResolve(t *testing.T) {
+	file := &models.MediaFile{
+		ID:         1,
+		CodecVideo: "h264",
+		CodecAudio: "aac",
+		Container:  "mp4",
+		Resolution: "1080p",
+	}
+	remuxFile := &models.MediaFile{
+		ID:         2,
+		CodecVideo: "h264",
+		CodecAudio: "aac",
+		Container:  "mkv",
+		Resolution: "1080p",
+	}
+	transcodeFile := &models.MediaFile{
+		ID:         3,
+		CodecVideo: "hevc",
+		CodecAudio: "aac",
+		Container:  "mp4",
+		Resolution: "1080p",
+	}
+	caps := playback.ClientCapabilities{
+		CodecsVideo: []string{"h264"},
+		CodecsAudio: []string{"aac"},
+		Containers:  []string{"mp4"},
+	}
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name               string
+		requested          string
+		file               *models.MediaFile
+		caps               playback.ClientCapabilities
+		transcodeEnabled   bool
+		userTranscode      bool
+		artifactsAvailable bool
+		wantFormat         string
+		wantQuality        string
+		wantEffective      string
+		wantBitrate        int
+		wantErr            error
+	}{
+		{
+			name:          "empty defaults to direct original without caps",
+			file:          file,
+			wantFormat:    FormatOriginal,
+			wantQuality:   QualityOriginal,
+			wantEffective: QualityOriginal,
+		},
+		{
+			name:               "bitrate quality resolves to transcode target",
+			requested:          Quality5Mbps,
+			file:               file,
+			transcodeEnabled:   true,
+			userTranscode:      true,
+			artifactsAvailable: true,
+			wantFormat:         FormatTranscode,
+			wantQuality:        Quality5Mbps,
+			wantEffective:      Quality5Mbps,
+			wantBitrate:        5000,
+		},
+		{
+			name:               "original falls back to remux when container is incompatible",
+			requested:          QualityOriginal,
+			file:               remuxFile,
+			caps:               caps,
+			transcodeEnabled:   true,
+			userTranscode:      true,
+			artifactsAvailable: true,
+			wantFormat:         FormatRemux,
+			wantQuality:        QualityOriginal,
+			wantEffective:      QualityOriginal,
+		},
+		{
+			name:               "original falls back to 20mbps when video transcode is required",
+			requested:          QualityOriginal,
+			file:               transcodeFile,
+			caps:               caps,
+			transcodeEnabled:   true,
+			userTranscode:      true,
+			artifactsAvailable: true,
+			wantFormat:         FormatTranscode,
+			wantQuality:        QualityOriginal,
+			wantEffective:      Quality20Mbps,
+			wantBitrate:        20000,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "remux is not a public quality",
+			requested: FormatRemux,
+			file:      file,
+			wantErr:   ErrInvalidQuality,
+		},
+		{
+			name:               "bitrate blocked by server gate",
+			requested:          Quality10Mbps,
+			file:               file,
+			userTranscode:      true,
+			artifactsAvailable: true,
+			wantErr:            ErrTranscodeDisabled,
+		},
+		{
+			name:               "bitrate blocked by user flag",
+			requested:          Quality10Mbps,
+			file:               file,
+			transcodeEnabled:   true,
+			artifactsAvailable: true,
+			wantErr:            ErrDownloadNotAllowed,
+		},
+		{
+			name:             "bitrate blocked without artifact pipeline",
+			requested:        Quality10Mbps,
+			file:             file,
+			transcodeEnabled: true,
+			userTranscode:    true,
+			wantErr:          ErrQualityUnavailable,
+		},
+	}
+
+	var resolver DownloadQualityResolver
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			user := &models.User{DownloadAllowed: true, DownloadTranscodeAllowed: tc.userTranscode}
+			cfg := config.DownloadConfig{Enabled: true, TranscodeEnabled: tc.transcodeEnabled}
+
+			got, err := resolver.Resolve(tc.requested, user, cfg, tc.file, tc.caps, tc.artifactsAvailable)
+			if tc.wantErr != nil {
+				if !errors.Is(err, tc.wantErr) {
+					t.Fatalf("Resolve(%q) err = %v, want %v", tc.requested, err, tc.wantErr)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Resolve(%q) unexpected err: %v", tc.requested, err)
+			}
+			if got.DeliveryFormat != tc.wantFormat || got.RequestedQuality != tc.wantQuality ||
+				got.EffectiveQuality != tc.wantEffective || got.TargetBitrateKbps != tc.wantBitrate {
+				t.Fatalf("Resolve(%q) = %+v", tc.requested, got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/downloads/repo.go

@@ -0,0 +1,663 @@
+package downloads
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool"
+)
+
+const downloadColumns = `id, user_id, profile_id, device_id, media_file_id, content_id, episode_id, batch_id,
+	kind, status, format, quality, effective_quality, target_bitrate_kbps, revision, artifact_id, file_size, bytes_sent, error_message,
+	created_at, updated_at, completed_at`
+
+const insertDownloadSQL = `INSERT INTO downloads (id, user_id, profile_id, device_id, media_file_id, content_id,
+		episode_id, batch_id, kind, status, format, quality, effective_quality, target_bitrate_kbps, revision, artifact_id, file_size, bytes_sent, error_message,
+		created_at, updated_at, completed_at)
+	VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10, $11, $12, $13, $14, $15, $16, $17, $18, $19, $20, $21, $22)`
+
+// Repository provides CRUD operations for the downloads table.
+type Repository struct {
+	pool *pgxpool.Pool
+}
+
+// NewRepository creates a new Repository backed by the given pool.
+func NewRepository(pool *pgxpool.Pool) *Repository {
+	return &Repository{pool: pool}
+}
+
+// scanInto scans a single download row's columns (in downloadColumns order)
+// into d, mapping nullable text columns to empty strings.
+func scanInto(row pgx.Row, d *Download) error {
+	var profileID, deviceID, episodeID, batchID, artifactID *string
+	err := row.Scan(
+		&d.ID, &d.UserID, &profileID, &deviceID, &d.MediaFileID, &d.ContentID, &episodeID, &batchID,
+		&d.Kind, &d.Status, &d.Format, &d.Quality, &d.EffectiveQuality, &d.TargetBitrateKbps, &d.Revision, &artifactID, &d.FileSize, &d.BytesSent, &d.ErrorMessage,
+		&d.CreatedAt, &d.UpdatedAt, &d.CompletedAt,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	d.ProfileID = deref(profileID)
+	d.DeviceID = deref(deviceID)
+	d.EpisodeID = deref(episodeID)
+	d.BatchID = deref(batchID)
+	d.ArtifactID = deref(artifactID)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func scanDownload(row pgx.Row) (*Download, error) {
+	var d Download
+	if err := scanInto(row, &d); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, pgx.ErrNoRows) {
+			return nil, ErrNotFound
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("scanning download: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &d, nil
+}
+
+func scanDownloads(rows pgx.Rows) ([]*Download, error) {
+	var downloads []*Download
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var d Download
+		if err := scanInto(rows, &d); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("scanning download row: %w", err)
+		}
+		downloads = append(downloads, &d)
+	}
+	return downloads, rows.Err()
+}
+
+func (r *Repository) insertArgs(d *Download) []any {
+	format := d.Format
+	if format == "" {
+		format = FormatOriginal
+	}
+	quality := d.Quality
+	if quality == "" {
+		quality = QualityOriginal
+	}
+	effectiveQuality := d.EffectiveQuality
+	if effectiveQuality == "" {
+		effectiveQuality = quality
+	}
+	revision := d.Revision
+	if revision <= 0 {
+		revision = 1
+	}
+	return []any{
+		d.ID, d.UserID, nilIfEmpty(d.ProfileID), nilIfEmpty(d.DeviceID), d.MediaFileID, d.ContentID,
+		nilIfEmpty(d.EpisodeID), nilIfEmpty(d.BatchID), d.Kind, d.Status, format, quality, effectiveQuality,
+		d.TargetBitrateKbps, revision, nilIfEmpty(d.ArtifactID), d.FileSize, d.BytesSent, d.ErrorMessage,
+		d.CreatedAt, d.UpdatedAt, d.CompletedAt,
+	}
+}
+
+// Create inserts a new download record.
+func (r *Repository) Create(ctx context.Context, d *Download) error {
+	if _, err := r.pool.Exec(ctx, insertDownloadSQL, r.insertArgs(d)...); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("inserting download: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CreateBatch inserts multiple download records in a single transaction.
+func (r *Repository) CreateBatch(ctx context.Context, downloads []*Download) error {
+	tx, err := r.pool.Begin(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("beginning batch insert: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = tx.Rollback(ctx) }()
+
+	for _, d := range downloads {
+		if _, err := tx.Exec(ctx, insertDownloadSQL, r.insertArgs(d)...); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("inserting batch download: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := tx.Commit(ctx); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("committing batch insert: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetByID retrieves a download by its ID.
+func (r *Repository) GetByID(ctx context.Context, id string) (*Download, error) {
+	query := `SELECT ` + downloadColumns + ` FROM downloads WHERE id = $1`
+	return scanDownload(r.pool.QueryRow(ctx, query, id))
+}
+
+// PruneEphemeralOlderThan deletes ephemeral (device-less) rows not touched
+// since cutoff, regardless of status — they are convenience records for
+// one-shot web downloads, not managed library entries. Pruning bounds
+// GET /downloads growth for long-lived accounts and unpins artifacts
+// (HasActiveLink counts ephemeral links). Returns the number of rows removed.
+func (r *Repository) PruneEphemeralOlderThan(ctx context.Context, cutoff time.Time) (int64, error) {
+	tag, err := r.pool.Exec(ctx,
+		`DELETE FROM downloads WHERE device_id IS NULL AND updated_at < $1`, cutoff)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("pruning ephemeral downloads: %w", err)
+	}
+	return tag.RowsAffected(), nil
+}
+
+// CountActiveByUser returns the number of active downloads for a user.
+// 'preparing' counts: an artifact-backed row holds encode work in flight, so
+// it must consume the concurrent quota like a live transfer does.
+func (r *Repository) CountActiveByUser(ctx context.Context, userID int) (int, error) {
+	var count int
+	err := r.pool.QueryRow(ctx,
+		`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM downloads WHERE user_id = $1 AND status IN ('queued', 'downloading', 'preparing')`,
+		userID,
+	).Scan(&count)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("counting active downloads: %w", err)
+	}
+	return count, nil
+}
+
+// CountByUserSince returns the number of successful downloads created since the given time.
+// Canceled and failed downloads are excluded so transient failures don't consume quota.
+func (r *Repository) CountByUserSince(ctx context.Context, userID int, since time.Time) (int, error) {
+	var count int
+	err := r.pool.QueryRow(ctx,
+		`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM downloads WHERE user_id = $1 AND created_at >= $2 AND status NOT IN ('cancelled', 'failed')`,
+		userID, since,
+	).Scan(&count)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("counting downloads in period: %w", err)
+	}
+	return count, nil
+}
+
+// UpdateStatus sets the status and optionally the bytes_sent and completed_at fields.
+func (r *Repository) UpdateStatus(ctx context.Context, id, status string, bytesSent int64, completedAt *time.Time) error {
+	tag, err := r.pool.Exec(ctx,
+		`UPDATE downloads SET status = $1, bytes_sent = $2, completed_at = $3, updated_at = now() WHERE id = $4`,
+		status, bytesSent, completedAt, id,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("updating download status: %w", err)
+	}
+	if tag.RowsAffected() == 0 {
+		return ErrNotFound
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// TransitionStatus atomically transitions a download from expectedStatus to newStatus.
+// Returns ErrStatusConflict if the row is not in expectedStatus (another request
+// already transitioned it).
+func (r *Repository) TransitionStatus(ctx context.Context, id, expectedStatus, newStatus string, bytesSent int64, completedAt *time.Time) error {
+	tag, err := r.pool.Exec(ctx,
+		`UPDATE downloads SET status = $1, bytes_sent = $2, completed_at = $3, updated_at = now()
+		WHERE id = $4 AND status = $5`,
+		newStatus, bytesSent, completedAt, id, expectedStatus,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("transitioning download status: %w", err)
+	}
+	if tag.RowsAffected() == 0 {
+		return ErrStatusConflict
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Delete removes a download record. Returns ErrNotFound if the row doesn't exist
+// or doesn't belong to the given user.
+func (r *Repository) Delete(ctx context.Context, id string, userID int) error {
+	tag, err := r.pool.Exec(ctx,
+		`DELETE FROM downloads WHERE id = $1 AND user_id = $2`, id, userID,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("deleting download: %w", err)
+	}
+	if tag.RowsAffected() == 0 {
+		return ErrNotFound
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CancelByID sets a download to canceled if it is still queued or downloading.
+func (r *Repository) CancelByID(ctx context.Context, id string, userID int) error {
+	tag, err := r.pool.Exec(ctx,
+		`UPDATE downloads SET status = 'cancelled', updated_at = now()
+		WHERE id = $1 AND user_id = $2 AND status IN ('queued', 'downloading')`,
+		id, userID,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("canceling download: %w", err)
+	}
+	if tag.RowsAffected() == 0 {
+		return ErrNotFound
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// EnsureDevice upserts a row in public.user_devices so a managed download's
+// composite FK (user_id, profile_id, device_id) is satisfied even when the
+// device's first request is the download itself. Mirrors the per-user store's
+// RegisterDevice upsert; a no-op when profile or device is empty.
+func (r *Repository) EnsureDevice(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID, deviceName, devicePlatform string) error {
+	if profileID == "" || deviceID == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	_, err := r.pool.Exec(ctx,
+		`INSERT INTO user_devices (user_id, profile_id, device_id, device_name, device_platform, last_seen_at)
+		 VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, now())
+		 ON CONFLICT (user_id, profile_id, device_id) DO UPDATE SET
+			device_name = CASE WHEN excluded.device_name <> '' THEN excluded.device_name ELSE user_devices.device_name END,
+			device_platform = CASE WHEN excluded.device_platform <> '' THEN excluded.device_platform ELSE user_devices.device_platform END,
+			last_seen_at = now()`,
+		userID, profileID, deviceID, deviceName, devicePlatform,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("ensuring device %q: %w", deviceID, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// PurgeProfileDevices removes a profile's device rows (cascading its managed
+// downloads and subscriptions via their composite FKs). Profiles may live
+// outside Postgres, so no FK cascade covers user_devices on profile deletion;
+// the profile-deletion handler calls this instead.
+func (r *Repository) PurgeProfileDevices(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID string) error {
+	if profileID == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	_, err := r.pool.Exec(ctx,
+		`DELETE FROM user_devices WHERE user_id = $1 AND profile_id = $2`,
+		userID, profileID,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("purging devices for profile %q: %w", profileID, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetManagedEntry returns the managed download uniquely identified by
+// (user, profile, device, content, episode), or ErrNotFound. episodeID "" maps
+// to the movie/no-episode slot via COALESCE(episode_id,”).
+func (r *Repository) GetManagedEntry(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID, contentID, episodeID string) (*Download, error) {
+	query := `SELECT ` + downloadColumns + ` FROM downloads
+		WHERE user_id = $1 AND profile_id = $2 AND device_id = $3
+		  AND content_id = $4 AND COALESCE(episode_id, '') = $5
+		LIMIT 1`
+	return scanDownload(r.pool.QueryRow(ctx, query, userID, profileID, deviceID, contentID, episodeID))
+}
+
+// CreateManagedEntry inserts d and returns it, or — if a concurrent insert won
+// the race to the same managed identity — returns the existing winning row.
+// Callers have already classified the item as new.
+func (r *Repository) CreateManagedEntry(ctx context.Context, d *Download) (*Download, error) {
+	if err := r.Create(ctx, d); err != nil {
+		if existing, gerr := r.GetManagedEntry(ctx, d.UserID, d.ProfileID, d.DeviceID, d.ContentID, d.EpisodeID); gerr == nil {
+			return existing, nil
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return d, nil
+}
+
+// ManagedEntryKey is the (content, episode) identity of a managed entry within
+// one device library. EpisodeID "" is the movie/no-episode slot.
+type ManagedEntryKey struct {
+	ContentID string
+	EpisodeID string
+}
+
+// GetManagedEntriesByKeys returns the device's existing managed rows for the
+// given identities in one query, keyed by ManagedEntryKey. The bulk
+// registration paths use this instead of a per-item GetManagedEntry loop (a
+// 300-episode series would otherwise issue 300 sequential lookups).
+func (r *Repository) GetManagedEntriesByKeys(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID string, keys []ManagedEntryKey) (map[ManagedEntryKey]*Download, error) {
+	out := make(map[ManagedEntryKey]*Download, len(keys))
+	if len(keys) == 0 {
+		return out, nil
+	}
+	contentIDs := make([]string, 0, len(keys))
+	episodeIDs := make([]string, 0, len(keys))
+	want := make(map[ManagedEntryKey]bool, len(keys))
+	for _, k := range keys {
+		contentIDs = append(contentIDs, k.ContentID)
+		episodeIDs = append(episodeIDs, k.EpisodeID)
+		want[k] = true
+	}
+	// ANY() on each column over-selects the cross product within this device's
+	// rows; the exact-pair filter below trims it.
+	rows, err := r.pool.Query(ctx,
+		`SELECT `+downloadColumns+` FROM downloads
+		 WHERE user_id = $1 AND profile_id = $2 AND device_id = $3
+		   AND content_id = ANY($4) AND COALESCE(episode_id, '') = ANY($5)`,
+		userID, profileID, deviceID, contentIDs, episodeIDs,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("listing managed entries by key: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	list, err := scanDownloads(rows)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	for _, d := range list {
+		k := ManagedEntryKey{ContentID: d.ContentID, EpisodeID: d.EpisodeID}
+		if want[k] {
+			out[k] = d
+		}
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// CreateManagedEntriesBatch inserts managed rows in one statement, skipping
+// identities that already exist (including concurrent-insert races) via ON
+// CONFLICT DO NOTHING on the managed-entry unique index. Returns only the rows
+// actually inserted, so callers can report an honest newly-registered count.
+func (r *Repository) CreateManagedEntriesBatch(ctx context.Context, ds []*Download) ([]*Download, error) {
+	if len(ds) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	const insertCols = 22
+	var sb strings.Builder
+	sb.WriteString(`INSERT INTO downloads (id, user_id, profile_id, device_id, media_file_id, content_id,
+		episode_id, batch_id, kind, status, format, quality, effective_quality, target_bitrate_kbps, revision, artifact_id, file_size, bytes_sent, error_message,
+		created_at, updated_at, completed_at) VALUES `)
+	args := make([]any, 0, len(ds)*insertCols)
+	for i, d := range ds {
+		if i > 0 {
+			sb.WriteString(", ")
+		}
+		sb.WriteByte('(')
+		for j := 0; j < insertCols; j++ {
+			if j > 0 {
+				sb.WriteByte(',')
+			}
+			sb.WriteByte('$')
+			sb.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(i*insertCols + j + 1))
+		}
+		sb.WriteByte(')')
+		args = append(args, r.insertArgs(d)...)
+	}
+	sb.WriteString(` ON CONFLICT (user_id, profile_id, device_id, content_id, (COALESCE(episode_id, ''))) WHERE device_id IS NOT NULL DO NOTHING RETURNING ` + downloadColumns)
+	rows, err := r.pool.Query(ctx, sb.String(), args...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("batch inserting managed entries: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	return scanDownloads(rows)
+}
+
+// ReplaceManagedEntry updates an existing managed row to a new file/quality
+// target, incrementing its revision so clients can replace stale local bytes.
+func (r *Repository) ReplaceManagedEntry(ctx context.Context, existing *Download, replacement *Download) (*Download, error) {
+	query := `UPDATE downloads SET
+			media_file_id = $6,
+			batch_id = $7,
+			kind = $8,
+			status = $9,
+			format = $10,
+			quality = $11,
+			effective_quality = $12,
+			target_bitrate_kbps = $13,
+			artifact_id = $14,
+			file_size = $15,
+			bytes_sent = 0,
+			error_message = '',
+			completed_at = NULL,
+			revision = revision + 1,
+			updated_at = now()
+		WHERE id = $1 AND user_id = $2 AND profile_id = $3 AND device_id = $4 AND revision = $5
+		RETURNING ` + downloadColumns
+	row := r.pool.QueryRow(ctx, query,
+		existing.ID, existing.UserID, existing.ProfileID, existing.DeviceID, existing.Revision,
+		replacement.MediaFileID, nilIfEmpty(replacement.BatchID), replacement.Kind, replacement.Status,
+		replacement.Format, replacement.Quality, replacement.EffectiveQuality, replacement.TargetBitrateKbps,
+		nilIfEmpty(replacement.ArtifactID), replacement.FileSize,
+	)
+	d, err := scanDownload(row)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound) {
+			return r.GetManagedEntry(ctx, existing.UserID, existing.ProfileID, existing.DeviceID, existing.ContentID, existing.EpisodeID)
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("replacing managed download: %w", err)
+	}
+	return d, nil
+}
+
+// UpdateManagedBatch moves an otherwise unchanged managed row into the latest
+// batch without incrementing revision or resetting local completion state.
+func (r *Repository) UpdateManagedBatch(ctx context.Context, existing *Download, batchID string) (*Download, error) {
+	query := `UPDATE downloads SET
+			batch_id = $6,
+			updated_at = now()
+		WHERE id = $1 AND user_id = $2 AND profile_id = $3 AND device_id = $4 AND revision = $5
+		RETURNING ` + downloadColumns
+	row := r.pool.QueryRow(ctx, query,
+		existing.ID, existing.UserID, existing.ProfileID, existing.DeviceID, existing.Revision,
+		nilIfEmpty(batchID),
+	)
+	d, err := scanDownload(row)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound) {
+			return r.GetManagedEntry(ctx, existing.UserID, existing.ProfileID, existing.DeviceID, existing.ContentID, existing.EpisodeID)
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("updating managed download batch: %w", err)
+	}
+	return d, nil
+}
+
+// SumManagedFileSize returns the total file_size of a device's managed entries
+// that still count toward on-device storage (excluding revoked, failed, and
+// canceled rows). It backs the auto-download storage soft-gate; it is the server's
+// best-effort view, since the client is the source of truth for what is actually
+// on disk.
+func (r *Repository) SumManagedFileSize(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID string) (int64, error) {
+	var total int64
+	err := r.pool.QueryRow(ctx,
+		`SELECT COALESCE(SUM(file_size), 0) FROM downloads
+		 WHERE user_id = $1 AND profile_id = $2 AND device_id = $3
+		   AND status NOT IN ('revoked', 'failed', 'cancelled')`,
+		userID, profileID, deviceID,
+	).Scan(&total)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("summing managed download size: %w", err)
+	}
+	return total, nil
+}
+
+// GetManagedByID returns a managed download by id, authorized on
+// (user_id, profile_id, device_id). A mismatch yields ErrNotFound so the
+// endpoint never reveals the existence of another profile's/device's row.
+func (r *Repository) GetManagedByID(ctx context.Context, id string, userID int, profileID, deviceID string) (*Download, error) {
+	query := `SELECT ` + downloadColumns + ` FROM downloads
+		WHERE id = $1 AND user_id = $2 AND profile_id = $3 AND device_id = $4`
+	return scanDownload(r.pool.QueryRow(ctx, query, id, userID, profileID, deviceID))
+}
+
+// ListManaged returns the managed entries for one device, most recent first.
+func (r *Repository) ListManaged(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID string) ([]*Download, error) {
+	query := `SELECT ` + downloadColumns + ` FROM downloads
+		WHERE user_id = $1 AND profile_id = $2 AND device_id = $3
+		ORDER BY created_at DESC`
+	rows, err := r.pool.Query(ctx, query, userID, profileID, deviceID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("listing managed downloads: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	result, err := scanDownloads(rows)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("scanning managed download rows: %w", err)
+	}
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+// ListManagedByBatch returns managed entries in a batch for one authorized
+// device. It powers batch manifest fetches without revealing other devices' rows.
+func (r *Repository) ListManagedByBatch(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID, batchID string) ([]*Download, error) {
+	query := `SELECT ` + downloadColumns + ` FROM downloads
+		WHERE user_id = $1 AND profile_id = $2 AND device_id = $3 AND batch_id = $4
+		ORDER BY created_at ASC`
+	rows, err := r.pool.Query(ctx, query, userID, profileID, deviceID, batchID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("listing managed batch downloads: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	result, err := scanDownloads(rows)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("scanning managed batch downloads: %w", err)
+	}
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+// ListEphemeral returns the account-level (device_id IS NULL) rows for a user.
+func (r *Repository) ListEphemeral(ctx context.Context, userID int) ([]*Download, error) {
+	query := `SELECT ` + downloadColumns + ` FROM downloads
+		WHERE user_id = $1 AND device_id IS NULL
+		ORDER BY created_at DESC`
+	rows, err := r.pool.Query(ctx, query, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("listing ephemeral downloads: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	result, err := scanDownloads(rows)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("scanning ephemeral download rows: %w", err)
+	}
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+// UpdateManagedStatus sets a managed entry's status (client confirming local
+// state), authorized on (user, profile, device). Only an artifact-ready entry
+// may be moved into the client-driven serve lifecycle, so the transition is
+// gated to source states ('ready','downloading','completed'); a 'preparing'
+// (artifact not yet encoded), 'failed', or 'revoked' row is never patchable to
+// downloading/completed. Returns ErrNotFound when nothing matches the gate.
+func (r *Repository) UpdateManagedStatus(ctx context.Context, id string, userID int, profileID, deviceID, status string, completedAt *time.Time) error {
+	tag, err := r.pool.Exec(ctx,
+		`UPDATE downloads SET status = $5, completed_at = $6, updated_at = now()
+		WHERE id = $1 AND user_id = $2 AND profile_id = $3 AND device_id = $4
+		  AND status IN ('ready', 'downloading', 'completed')`,
+		id, userID, profileID, deviceID, status, completedAt,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("updating managed download status: %w", err)
+	}
+	if tag.RowsAffected() == 0 {
+		return ErrNotFound
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// DeleteManaged removes a managed entry, authorized on (user, profile, device).
+// Returns ErrNotFound when nothing matches.
+func (r *Repository) DeleteManaged(ctx context.Context, id string, userID int, profileID, deviceID string) error {
+	tag, err := r.pool.Exec(ctx,
+		`DELETE FROM downloads WHERE id = $1 AND user_id = $2 AND profile_id = $3 AND device_id = $4`,
+		id, userID, profileID, deviceID,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("deleting managed download: %w", err)
+	}
+	if tag.RowsAffected() == 0 {
+		return ErrNotFound
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// MarkLinkedDownloadsReady flips every preparing download linked to a now-ready
+// artifact to ready (recording the real size), returning the affected rows for
+// client notification.
+func (r *Repository) MarkLinkedDownloadsReady(ctx context.Context, artifactID string, fileSize int64) ([]*Download, error) {
+	rows, err := r.pool.Query(ctx,
+		`UPDATE downloads SET status = 'ready', file_size = $2, updated_at = now()
+		 WHERE artifact_id = $1 AND status = 'preparing'
+		 RETURNING `+downloadColumns,
+		artifactID, fileSize,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("flipping linked downloads ready: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	return scanDownloads(rows)
+}
+
+// MarkLinkedDownloadsFailed flips every preparing download linked to a failed
+// artifact to failed, returning the affected rows for client notification.
+func (r *Repository) MarkLinkedDownloadsFailed(ctx context.Context, artifactID, errMsg string) ([]*Download, error) {
+	rows, err := r.pool.Query(ctx,
+		`UPDATE downloads SET status = 'failed', error_message = $2, updated_at = now()
+		 WHERE artifact_id = $1 AND status = 'preparing'
+		 RETURNING `+downloadColumns,
+		artifactID, errMsg,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("flipping linked downloads failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	return scanDownloads(rows)
+}
+
+// ReconcileLinkedDownloads repairs downloads stranded in 'preparing' against a
+// terminal artifact state. It covers the crash window between an artifact's
+// MarkReady and its MarkLinkedDownloadsReady (the two are not one transaction),
+// and any preparing row whose artifact reached 'failed' without its links being
+// flipped. Two set-based updates (no per-artifact N+1): preparing→ready for rows
+// linked to a ready artifact (recording the artifact size), and preparing→failed
+// for rows linked to a failed artifact. Returns the rows it changed so the
+// caller can publish state events. Idempotent — only 'preparing' rows are
+// touched, so re-running it is a no-op.
+func (r *Repository) ReconcileLinkedDownloads(ctx context.Context) (ready []*Download, failed []*Download, err error) {
+	readyRows, err := r.pool.Query(ctx,
+		`UPDATE downloads SET status = 'ready',
+		     file_size = COALESCE((SELECT a.file_size FROM download_artifacts a WHERE a.id = downloads.artifact_id), file_size),
+		     updated_at = now()
+		 WHERE status = 'preparing' AND artifact_id IS NOT NULL
+		   AND artifact_id IN (SELECT id FROM download_artifacts WHERE status = 'ready')
+		 RETURNING `+downloadColumns,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("reconciling ready downloads: %w", err)
+	}
+	ready, err = scanDownloads(readyRows)
+	readyRows.Close()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	failedRows, err := r.pool.Query(ctx,
+		`UPDATE downloads SET status = 'failed',
+		     error_message = COALESCE((SELECT NULLIF(a.error_message, '') FROM download_artifacts a WHERE a.id = downloads.artifact_id), 'artifact encode failed'),
+		     updated_at = now()
+		 WHERE status = 'preparing' AND artifact_id IS NOT NULL
+		   AND artifact_id IN (SELECT id FROM download_artifacts WHERE status = 'failed')
+		 RETURNING `+downloadColumns,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("reconciling failed downloads: %w", err)
+	}
+	failed, err = scanDownloads(failedRows)
+	failedRows.Close()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return ready, failed, nil
+}
+
+func nilIfEmpty(s string) *string {
+	if s == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &s
+}
+
+func deref(s *string) string {
+	if s == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return *s
+}

internal/downloads/repo_managed_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,503 @@
+package downloads
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool"
+
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/models"
+)
+
+// managedFixture is the seeded data a managed-entry authorization test needs:
+// one user, two profiles on that same user_id, and a device per profile.
+type managedFixture struct {
+	pool      *pgxpool.Pool
+	repo      *Repository
+	userID    int
+	profileA  string
+	profileB  string
+	deviceA   string
+	deviceB   string
+	contentID string
+	fileID    int
+}
+
+func newDownloadsTestPool(t *testing.T) *pgxpool.Pool {
+	t.Helper()
+	dsn := os.Getenv("SILO_TEST_DATABASE_URL")
+	if dsn == "" {
+		t.Skip("SILO_TEST_DATABASE_URL is not set")
+	}
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	pool, err := pgxpool.New(ctx, dsn)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("connect test database: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(pool.Close)
+
+	// Skip when the managed downloads reshape migration has not been applied.
+	var col *string
+	err = pool.QueryRow(ctx, `SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns
+		WHERE table_schema = 'public' AND table_name = 'downloads' AND column_name = 'device_id'`).Scan(&col)
+	if errors.Is(err, pgx.ErrNoRows) || col == nil {
+		t.Skip("downloads managed reshape migration has not been applied")
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("check downloads reshape: %v", err)
+	}
+	return pool
+}
+
+func seedManagedFixture(t *testing.T) managedFixture {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	pool := newDownloadsTestPool(t)
+	suffix := time.Now().UnixNano()
+
+	var folderID int
+	if err := pool.QueryRow(ctx,
+		`INSERT INTO media_folders (type, name) VALUES ('movies', $1) RETURNING id`,
+		fmt.Sprintf("Downloads Test %d", suffix),
+	).Scan(&folderID); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed media folder: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	contentID := fmt.Sprintf("dl-content-%d", suffix)
+	var fileID int
+	if err := pool.QueryRow(ctx,
+		`INSERT INTO media_files (content_id, media_folder_id, file_path, file_size)
+		 VALUES ($1, $2, $3, 1024) RETURNING id`,
+		contentID, folderID, fmt.Sprintf("/tmp/downloads-test-%d.mp4", suffix),
+	).Scan(&fileID); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed media file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var userID int
+	if err := pool.QueryRow(ctx,
+		`INSERT INTO users (username, role, download_allowed) VALUES ($1, 'user', true) RETURNING id`,
+		fmt.Sprintf("dluser-%d", suffix),
+	).Scan(&userID); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed user: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	profileA := fmt.Sprintf("dlp-a-%d", suffix)
+	profileB := fmt.Sprintf("dlp-b-%d", suffix)
+	for _, p := range []struct{ id, name string }{{profileA, "A"}, {profileB, "B"}} {
+		if _, err := pool.Exec(ctx,
+			`INSERT INTO user_profiles (id, user_id, name) VALUES ($1, $2, $3)`,
+			p.id, userID, p.name,
+		); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("seed profile %s: %v", p.id, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	repo := NewRepository(pool)
+	deviceA := fmt.Sprintf("dev-a-%d", suffix)
+	deviceB := fmt.Sprintf("dev-b-%d", suffix)
+	if err := repo.EnsureDevice(ctx, userID, profileA, deviceA, "Phone A", "android"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ensure device A: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := repo.EnsureDevice(ctx, userID, profileB, deviceB, "Phone B", "android"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ensure device B: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_, _ = pool.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM downloads WHERE user_id = $1`, userID)
+		_, _ = pool.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM user_devices WHERE user_id = $1`, userID)
+		_, _ = pool.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM user_profiles WHERE user_id = $1`, userID)
+		_, _ = pool.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM users WHERE id = $1`, userID)
+		_, _ = pool.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM media_files WHERE id = $1`, fileID)
+		_, _ = pool.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM media_folders WHERE id = $1`, folderID)
+	})
+
+	return managedFixture{
+		pool: pool, repo: repo, userID: userID,
+		profileA: profileA, profileB: profileB, deviceA: deviceA, deviceB: deviceB,
+		contentID: contentID, fileID: fileID,
+	}
+}
+
+func (f managedFixture) createManagedEntry(t *testing.T) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	id := fmt.Sprintf("dl-%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+	now := time.Now()
+	if err := f.repo.Create(context.Background(), &Download{
+		ID: id, UserID: f.userID, ProfileID: f.profileA, DeviceID: f.deviceA,
+		MediaFileID: f.fileID, ContentID: f.contentID, Kind: KindQueued,
+		Status: StatusReady, Format: FormatOriginal, FileSize: 1024,
+		CreatedAt: now, UpdatedAt: now,
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("create managed entry: %v", err)
+	}
+	return id
+}
+
+// TestManagedEntryCrossProfileDeviceDenied is the Phase 1 / invariant-2
+// acceptance test: a second profile on the SAME user_id (and a different
+// device) is denied a managed row's /file (GetManagedByID), PATCH
+// (UpdateManagedStatus), and DELETE (DeleteManaged).
+func TestManagedEntryCrossProfileDeviceDenied(t *testing.T) {
+	f := seedManagedFixture(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	id := f.createManagedEntry(t)
+
+	// Owner can read its own row.
+	if _, err := f.repo.GetManagedByID(ctx, id, f.userID, f.profileA, f.deviceA); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("owner GetManagedByID: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Cross-profile / cross-device reads are denied as not-found (no leak).
+	denials := []struct {
+		name            string
+		profile, device string
+	}{
+		{"other profile + other device", f.profileB, f.deviceB},
+		{"same profile + other device", f.profileA, f.deviceB},
+		{"other profile + same device", f.profileB, f.deviceA},
+	}
+	for _, d := range denials {
+		t.Run("file/"+d.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if _, err := f.repo.GetManagedByID(ctx, id, f.userID, d.profile, d.device); !errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound) {
+				t.Fatalf("GetManagedByID(%s) err = %v, want ErrNotFound", d.name, err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+	// PATCH by the second profile/device is denied; the owner succeeds.
+	if err := f.repo.UpdateManagedStatus(ctx, id, f.userID, f.profileB, f.deviceB, StatusCompleted, nil); !errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound) {
+		t.Fatalf("cross-profile PATCH err = %v, want ErrNotFound", err)
+	}
+	now := time.Now()
+	if err := f.repo.UpdateManagedStatus(ctx, id, f.userID, f.profileA, f.deviceA, StatusCompleted, &now); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("owner PATCH: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// DELETE by the second profile/device is denied; the owner succeeds.
+	if err := f.repo.DeleteManaged(ctx, id, f.userID, f.profileB, f.deviceB); !errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound) {
+		t.Fatalf("cross-profile DELETE err = %v, want ErrNotFound", err)
+	}
+	if err := f.repo.DeleteManaged(ctx, id, f.userID, f.profileA, f.deviceA); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("owner DELETE: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := f.repo.GetManagedByID(ctx, id, f.userID, f.profileA, f.deviceA); !errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound) {
+		t.Fatalf("after delete GetManagedByID err = %v, want ErrNotFound", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestManagedEntryUniqueAndRevoke covers the per-device unique constraint and
+// the revoked-entry guard on status transitions.
+func TestManagedEntryUniqueAndRevoke(t *testing.T) {
+	f := seedManagedFixture(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	id := f.createManagedEntry(t)
+
+	// A second managed entry for the same (user, profile, device, content,
+	// episode) violates the partial unique index.
+	dupNow := time.Now()
+	dupErr := f.repo.Create(ctx, &Download{
+		ID: id + "-dup", UserID: f.userID, ProfileID: f.profileA, DeviceID: f.deviceA,
+		MediaFileID: f.fileID, ContentID: f.contentID, Kind: KindQueued,
+		Status: StatusReady, Format: FormatOriginal, FileSize: 1024,
+		CreatedAt: dupNow, UpdatedAt: dupNow,
+	})
+	if dupErr == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected unique-violation creating a duplicate managed entry, got nil")
+	}
+
+	// GetManagedEntry resolves the row by its unique key.
+	got, err := f.repo.GetManagedEntry(ctx, f.userID, f.profileA, f.deviceA, f.contentID, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("GetManagedEntry: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got.ID != id {
+		t.Fatalf("GetManagedEntry id = %q, want %q", got.ID, id)
+	}
+
+	// A revoked entry cannot be transitioned back out of revoked.
+	if _, err := f.pool.Exec(ctx, `UPDATE downloads SET status = 'revoked' WHERE id = $1`, id); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("revoke: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := f.repo.UpdateManagedStatus(ctx, id, f.userID, f.profileA, f.deviceA, StatusCompleted, nil); !errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound) {
+		t.Fatalf("PATCH of revoked entry err = %v, want ErrNotFound", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestManagedStatusTransitionGate verifies UpdateManagedStatus only advances an
+// artifact-ready entry into the client serve lifecycle: a 'preparing' (artifact
+// still encoding) or 'failed' entry can never be marked downloading/completed.
+func TestManagedStatusTransitionGate(t *testing.T) {
+	f := seedManagedFixture(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	id := f.createManagedEntry(t) // created StatusReady
+
+	// ready -> completed is allowed.
+	now := time.Now()
+	if err := f.repo.UpdateManagedStatus(ctx, id, f.userID, f.profileA, f.deviceA, StatusCompleted, &now); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ready->completed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// A preparing entry (artifact not yet encoded) is not patchable.
+	if _, err := f.pool.Exec(ctx, `UPDATE downloads SET status = 'preparing' WHERE id = $1`, id); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("set preparing: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := f.repo.UpdateManagedStatus(ctx, id, f.userID, f.profileA, f.deviceA, StatusCompleted, &now); !errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound) {
+		t.Fatalf("preparing->completed err = %v, want ErrNotFound", err)
+	}
+
+	// A failed entry is not patchable either.
+	if _, err := f.pool.Exec(ctx, `UPDATE downloads SET status = 'failed' WHERE id = $1`, id); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("set failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := f.repo.UpdateManagedStatus(ctx, id, f.userID, f.profileA, f.deviceA, StatusDownloading, nil); !errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound) {
+		t.Fatalf("failed->downloading err = %v, want ErrNotFound", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestReconcileLinkedDownloads verifies recovery repairs downloads stranded in
+// 'preparing' against a terminal artifact state: ready→ready (the crash window
+// between MarkReady and MarkLinkedDownloadsReady) and failed→failed, and that
+// re-running it is a no-op.
+func TestReconcileLinkedDownloads(t *testing.T) {
+	f := seedManagedFixture(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	var present *string
+	if err := f.pool.QueryRow(ctx, `SELECT to_regclass('public.download_artifacts')::text`).Scan(&present); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("check download_artifacts: %v", err)
+	}
+	if present == nil {
+		t.Skip("download_artifacts migration has not been applied")
+	}
+	arepo := NewArtifactRepository(f.pool)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_, _ = f.pool.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM download_artifacts WHERE media_file_id = $1`, f.fileID)
+	})
+
+	suffix := time.Now().UnixNano()
+
+	// A ready artifact whose linked (ephemeral) download is stuck 'preparing'.
+	readyArt := newArtifact(t, f.fileID, fmt.Sprintf("hash-recon-ready-%d", suffix))
+	if _, _, err := arepo.EnsureQueued(ctx, readyArt); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ensure ready artifact: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := arepo.ClaimNext(ctx, "w", time.Minute); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("claim ready artifact: %v", err)
+	}
+	if ok, err := arepo.MarkReady(ctx, readyArt.ID, "w", "/tmp/ready.mp4", 4242); err != nil || !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("MarkReady = (%v, %v)", ok, err)
+	}
+
+	// A failed artifact whose linked download is stuck 'preparing'.
+	failedArt := newArtifact(t, f.fileID, fmt.Sprintf("hash-recon-failed-%d", suffix))
+	if _, _, err := arepo.EnsureQueued(ctx, failedArt); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ensure failed artifact: %v", err)
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < failedArt.MaxAttempts; i++ {
+		if _, err := arepo.ClaimNext(ctx, "w", time.Minute); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("claim failed artifact: %v", err)
+		}
+		if _, _, err := arepo.MarkFailedOrRetry(ctx, failedArt.ID, "w", "boom", time.Millisecond); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("MarkFailedOrRetry: %v", err)
+		}
+		_, _ = f.pool.Exec(ctx, `UPDATE download_artifacts SET next_retry_at = now() - interval '1 second' WHERE id = $1`, failedArt.ID)
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	mkPreparing := func(artID string) string {
+		id := fmt.Sprintf("dl-%s-%d", artID, now.UnixNano())
+		if err := f.repo.Create(ctx, &Download{
+			ID: id, UserID: f.userID, MediaFileID: f.fileID, ContentID: f.contentID,
+			Kind: KindQueued, Status: StatusPreparing, Format: FormatTranscode, ArtifactID: artID,
+			CreatedAt: now, UpdatedAt: now,
+		}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("create preparing download: %v", err)
+		}
+		return id
+	}
+	readyDL := mkPreparing(readyArt.ID)
+	failedDL := mkPreparing(failedArt.ID)
+
+	ready, failed, err := f.repo.ReconcileLinkedDownloads(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReconcileLinkedDownloads: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(ready) != 1 || ready[0].ID != readyDL || ready[0].FileSize != 4242 {
+		t.Fatalf("ready flipped = %+v, want one %s with size 4242", ready, readyDL)
+	}
+	if len(failed) != 1 || failed[0].ID != failedDL {
+		t.Fatalf("failed flipped = %+v, want one %s", failed, failedDL)
+	}
+
+	gotReady, err := f.repo.GetByID(ctx, readyDL)
+	if err != nil || gotReady.Status != StatusReady {
+		t.Fatalf("ready download status = %v (%v), want ready", gotReady.Status, err)
+	}
+	gotFailed, err := f.repo.GetByID(ctx, failedDL)
+	if err != nil || gotFailed.Status != StatusFailed {
+		t.Fatalf("failed download status = %v (%v), want failed", gotFailed.Status, err)
+	}
+
+	// Idempotent: nothing left in 'preparing', so a second pass flips nothing.
+	ready2, failed2, err := f.repo.ReconcileLinkedDownloads(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("second ReconcileLinkedDownloads: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(ready2) != 0 || len(failed2) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("second reconcile flipped ready=%d failed=%d, want 0/0", len(ready2), len(failed2))
+	}
+}
+
+// TestManagedEntryWithoutPostgresProfileRow is the dual-backend regression
+// test: with the sqlite userdb backend, profiles exist only in per-user SQLite
+// stores and public.user_profiles stays empty, so device registration and
+// managed creates must not depend on a Postgres profile row (the
+// user_devices_profile_fkey drop). Simulated here by never seeding
+// user_profiles for the user.
+func TestManagedEntryWithoutPostgresProfileRow(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	pool := newDownloadsTestPool(t)
+
+	var fkExists bool
+	if err := pool.QueryRow(ctx,
+		`SELECT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM pg_constraint WHERE conname = 'user_devices_profile_fkey')`,
+	).Scan(&fkExists); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("check profile fkey: %v", err)
+	}
+	if fkExists {
+		t.Skip("drop_user_devices_profile_fkey migration has not been applied")
+	}
+
+	suffix := time.Now().UnixNano()
+	var folderID int
+	if err := pool.QueryRow(ctx,
+		`INSERT INTO media_folders (type, name) VALUES ('movies', $1) RETURNING id`,
+		fmt.Sprintf("Downloads SQLite Test %d", suffix),
+	).Scan(&folderID); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed media folder: %v", err)
+	}
+	contentID := fmt.Sprintf("dl-sqlite-content-%d", suffix)
+	var fileID int
+	if err := pool.QueryRow(ctx,
+		`INSERT INTO media_files (content_id, media_folder_id, file_path, file_size)
+		 VALUES ($1, $2, $3, 1024) RETURNING id`,
+		contentID, folderID, fmt.Sprintf("/tmp/downloads-sqlite-test-%d.mp4", suffix),
+	).Scan(&fileID); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed media file: %v", err)
+	}
+	var userID int
+	if err := pool.QueryRow(ctx,
+		`INSERT INTO users (username, role, download_allowed) VALUES ($1, 'user', true) RETURNING id`,
+		fmt.Sprintf("dlsqlite-%d", suffix),
+	).Scan(&userID); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed user: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_, _ = pool.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM downloads WHERE user_id = $1`, userID)
+		_, _ = pool.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM user_devices WHERE user_id = $1`, userID)
+		_, _ = pool.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM users WHERE id = $1`, userID)
+		_, _ = pool.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM media_files WHERE id = $1`, fileID)
+		_, _ = pool.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM media_folders WHERE id = $1`, folderID)
+	})
+
+	repo := NewRepository(pool)
+	profileID := fmt.Sprintf("sqlite-only-profile-%d", suffix)
+	deviceID := fmt.Sprintf("sqlite-dev-%d", suffix)
+	// No user_profiles row exists for profileID; this must still succeed.
+	if err := repo.EnsureDevice(ctx, userID, profileID, deviceID, "Phone", "android"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("EnsureDevice without Postgres profile row: %v", err)
+	}
+	now := time.Now()
+	if _, err := repo.CreateManagedEntry(ctx, &Download{
+		ID: fmt.Sprintf("dl-sqlite-%d", suffix), UserID: userID, ProfileID: profileID,
+		DeviceID: deviceID, MediaFileID: fileID, ContentID: contentID, Kind: KindQueued,
+		Status: StatusReady, Format: FormatOriginal, FileSize: 1024,
+		CreatedAt: now, UpdatedAt: now,
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CreateManagedEntry without Postgres profile row: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestPurgeProfileDevices verifies the app-level replacement for the dropped
+// FK cascade: purging a profile removes its device rows and (via the
+// downloads composite FK) its managed downloads, leaving other profiles'
+// libraries untouched.
+func TestPurgeProfileDevices(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	f := seedManagedFixture(t)
+	id := f.createManagedEntry(t)
+
+	if err := f.repo.PurgeProfileDevices(ctx, f.userID, f.profileA); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("PurgeProfileDevices: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := f.repo.GetManagedByID(ctx, id, f.userID, f.profileA, f.deviceA); !errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound) {
+		t.Fatalf("managed entry survived profile purge: err=%v", err)
+	}
+	var deviceRows int
+	if err := f.pool.QueryRow(ctx,
+		`SELECT count(*) FROM user_devices WHERE user_id = $1 AND profile_id = $2`,
+		f.userID, f.profileA,
+	).Scan(&deviceRows); err != nil || deviceRows != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("profileA device rows = %d (%v), want 0", deviceRows, err)
+	}
+	var otherRows int
+	if err := f.pool.QueryRow(ctx,
+		`SELECT count(*) FROM user_devices WHERE user_id = $1 AND profile_id = $2`,
+		f.userID, f.profileB,
+	).Scan(&otherRows); err != nil || otherRows != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("profileB device rows = %d (%v), want 1", otherRows, err)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRegisterManagedItemsBatchAndCount pins the bulk-registration contract:
+// registration is one batched fetch + one batched insert (not a per-episode
+// loop), and the returned rows are ONLY the newly created ones, so the sync
+// response's "registered" count reports 0 in the steady state.
+func TestRegisterManagedItemsBatchAndCount(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	f := seedManagedFixture(t)
+
+	mkItems := func(n int) []managedItem {
+		items := make([]managedItem, 0, n)
+		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+			items = append(items, managedItem{
+				file:      &models.MediaFile{ID: f.fileID, FileSize: 1024},
+				contentID: f.contentID,
+				episodeID: fmt.Sprintf("reg-ep-%d", i),
+			})
+		}
+		return items
+	}
+
+	first, err := registerManagedItems(ctx, f.repo, f.userID, f.profileA, f.deviceA, mkItems(3), "batch-reg")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("first register: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(first) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("first register = %d rows, want 3", len(first))
+	}
+
+	// Steady state: nothing new → zero rows returned.
+	again, err := registerManagedItems(ctx, f.repo, f.userID, f.profileA, f.deviceA, mkItems(3), "batch-reg")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("second register: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(again) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("steady-state register = %d rows, want 0", len(again))
+	}
+
+	// A grown scope registers only the delta.
+	grown, err := registerManagedItems(ctx, f.repo, f.userID, f.profileA, f.deviceA, mkItems(5), "batch-reg")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("grown register: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(grown) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("grown register = %d rows, want 2", len(grown))
+	}
+}

internal/downloads/service_quota_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+package downloads
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/config"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/models"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/playback"
+)
+
+// stubQuotaPreparer satisfies EncodePreparer without running ffmpeg; the quota
+// test never drains the queue, so it is never invoked.
+type stubQuotaPreparer struct{}
+
+func (stubQuotaPreparer) PrepareFile(_ context.Context, _ playback.TranscodeOpts, _ string) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// TestArtifactQuotaCheckedBeforeEnqueue pins two quota invariants for
+// artifact-backed downloads: 'preparing' rows consume the concurrent quota,
+// and a quota-rejected request must not leave an encode job behind.
+func TestArtifactQuotaCheckedBeforeEnqueue(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	f := seedManagedFixture(t)
+
+	var present *string
+	if err := f.pool.QueryRow(ctx, `SELECT to_regclass('public.download_artifacts')::text`).Scan(&present); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("check download_artifacts: %v", err)
+	}
+	if present == nil {
+		t.Skip("download_artifacts migration has not been applied")
+	}
+
+	// Second media file so the rejected request would need a distinct artifact.
+	suffix := time.Now().UnixNano()
+	var folderID int
+	if err := f.pool.QueryRow(ctx, `SELECT media_folder_id FROM media_files WHERE id = $1`, f.fileID).Scan(&folderID); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("resolve folder: %v", err)
+	}
+	contentID2 := fmt.Sprintf("dl-quota-content-%d", suffix)
+	var fileID2 int
+	if err := f.pool.QueryRow(ctx,
+		`INSERT INTO media_files (content_id, media_folder_id, file_path, file_size)
+		 VALUES ($1, $2, $3, 2048) RETURNING id`,
+		contentID2, folderID, fmt.Sprintf("/tmp/downloads-quota-test-%d.mp4", suffix),
+	).Scan(&fileID2); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed second media file: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_, _ = f.pool.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM download_artifacts WHERE media_file_id IN ($1, $2)`, f.fileID, fileID2)
+		_, _ = f.pool.Exec(ctx, `DELETE FROM media_files WHERE id = $1`, fileID2)
+	})
+
+	limiter := NewQuantityLimiter(f.repo, 1, 0, 0)
+	svc := NewService(f.repo, nil, limiter, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, &config.DownloadConfig{Enabled: true})
+	svc.SetArtifactManager(NewArtifactManager(
+		NewArtifactRepository(f.pool), f.repo, nil, stubQuotaPreparer{}, "quota-test",
+		func() *config.Config { return nil }, nil,
+	))
+
+	decision := QualityDecision{
+		RequestedQuality:  Quality5Mbps,
+		EffectiveQuality:  Quality5Mbps,
+		DeliveryFormat:    FormatTranscode,
+		TargetBitrateKbps: 5000,
+		RequiresArtifact:  true,
+		PrepareTarget:     playback.PrepareTarget{Container: "mp4", CodecVideo: "h264", CodecAudio: "aac", TargetBitrateKbps: 5000},
+	}
+
+	first, err := svc.createArtifactDownload(ctx, f.userID, CreateRequest{Quality: Quality5Mbps},
+		&models.MediaFile{ID: f.fileID, ContentID: f.contentID, FileSize: 1024}, decision)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("first artifact download: %v", err)
+	}
+	if first.Status != StatusPreparing {
+		t.Fatalf("first download status = %q, want %q", first.Status, StatusPreparing)
+	}
+
+	// Over the concurrent cap of 1: the 'preparing' row above must count.
+	_, err = svc.createArtifactDownload(ctx, f.userID, CreateRequest{Quality: Quality5Mbps},
+		&models.MediaFile{ID: fileID2, ContentID: contentID2, FileSize: 2048}, decision)
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrConcurrentLimitReached) {
+		t.Fatalf("second artifact download error = %v, want ErrConcurrentLimitReached", err)
+	}
+
+	// The rejected request must not have enqueued encode work.
+	var enqueued int
+	if err := f.pool.QueryRow(ctx,
+		`SELECT count(*) FROM download_artifacts WHERE media_file_id = $1`, fileID2,
+	).Scan(&enqueued); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("count artifacts: %v", err)
+	}
+	if enqueued != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("rejected request enqueued %d artifact job(s), want 0", enqueued)
+	}
+}

internal/downloads/service_reuse_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package downloads
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestReusableManagedStatus(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, status := range []string{StatusReady, StatusPreparing, StatusDownloading, StatusCompleted} {
+		if !reusableManagedStatus(status) {
+			t.Fatalf("status %q should be reusable", status)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, status := range []string{StatusCancelled, StatusFailed, StatusRevoked} {
+		if reusableManagedStatus(status) {
+			t.Fatalf("status %q should force replacement", status)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSameManagedTargetIgnoresBatch(t *testing.T) {
+	a := &Download{
+		MediaFileID:       1,
+		BatchID:           "old",
+		Format:            FormatTranscode,
+		Quality:           Quality5Mbps,
+		EffectiveQuality:  Quality5Mbps,
+		TargetBitrateKbps: 5000,
+		ArtifactID:        "artifact",
+		FileSize:          123,
+	}
+	b := *a
+	b.BatchID = "new"
+
+	if !sameManagedTarget(a, &b) {
+		t.Fatal("batch changes should not force media replacement")
+	}
+	b.TargetBitrateKbps = 2000
+	if sameManagedTarget(a, &b) {
+		t.Fatal("bitrate changes should force media replacement")
+	}
+}

internal/downloads/subscription.go

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+package downloads
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/models"
+)
+
+// Subscription monitor modes — which episodes of a series a download
+// subscription keeps on the device.
+const (
+	// SubModeAll keeps every episode of the series (existing + future).
+	SubModeAll = "all"
+	// SubModeFuture keeps only episodes that become available after subscribing
+	// (no backfill of the existing catalog).
+	SubModeFuture = "future"
+	// SubModeLatestSeason keeps the latest season at subscribe time and any newer
+	// season going forward (episodes whose season_number >= TargetSeason).
+	SubModeLatestSeason = "latest_season"
+	// SubModeSpecificSeasons keeps only the seasons listed in SeasonNumbers.
+	SubModeSpecificSeasons = "specific_seasons"
+)
+
+// ValidSubMode reports whether mode is a recognized subscription mode.
+func ValidSubMode(mode string) bool {
+	switch mode {
+	case SubModeAll, SubModeFuture, SubModeLatestSeason, SubModeSpecificSeasons:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// Subscription is a device-scoped opt-in to keep a series downloaded on one
+// device ("monitor a series"). The client triggers a sync (on open / background
+// refresh); the server then registers the in-scope, not-yet-downloaded episodes.
+// It is keyed on (UserID, ProfileID, DeviceID, SeriesID) and is deliberately
+// separate from the device-less, derived profile_series_interest the
+// notifications system uses.
+type Subscription struct {
+	ID              string
+	UserID          int
+	ProfileID       string
+	DeviceID        string
+	SeriesID        string
+	Mode            string // see SubMode* constants
+	SeasonNumbers   []int  // monitored seasons when Mode == SubModeSpecificSeasons
+	TargetSeason    *int   // latest season at subscribe time when Mode == SubModeLatestSeason
+	DeleteWatched   bool   // client-enforced: delete episodes once watched
+	MaxStorageBytes int64  // 0 = unlimited; client-enforced, server soft-gates auto-registration
+	Active          bool
+	CreatedAt       time.Time
+	UpdatedAt       time.Time
+}
+
+// CoversSeason reports whether an episode in the given season number falls
+// within this subscription's monitored scope. SubModeAll and SubModeFuture cover
+// every season — they differ only in SubModeFuture's air-date cutoff (see
+// coversEpisode). SubModeLatestSeason covers the subscribe-time latest season and
+// every newer one (season_number >= TargetSeason), so a new season is picked up
+// on the next sync.
+func (s *Subscription) CoversSeason(seasonNumber int) bool {
+	switch s.Mode {
+	case SubModeAll, SubModeFuture:
+		return true
+	case SubModeLatestSeason:
+		return s.TargetSeason != nil && seasonNumber >= *s.TargetSeason
+	case SubModeSpecificSeasons:
+		for _, n := range s.SeasonNumbers {
+			if n == seasonNumber {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// coversEpisode reports whether a specific available episode is in scope for a
+// sync. It layers SubModeFuture's "only episodes that aired after I subscribed"
+// cutoff onto the season scope, so future-only never registers the back
+// catalog. An episode with no air date falls back to its ingest time.
+func (s *Subscription) coversEpisode(ep *models.Episode) bool {
+	if !s.CoversSeason(ep.SeasonNumber) {
+		return false
+	}
+	if s.Mode == SubModeFuture {
+		// air_date is a date-only column (midnight), so a strict instant
+		// comparison against the subscribe timestamp would permanently exclude
+		// an episode airing the same day the user subscribed. Compare calendar
+		// days (UTC) instead; with no air date, a genuinely new episode still
+		// counts as future via its ingest time.
+		sc := s.CreatedAt.UTC()
+		cutoff := time.Date(sc.Year(), sc.Month(), sc.Day(), 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+		if ep.AirDate != nil {
+			return !ep.AirDate.Before(cutoff)
+		}
+		return !ep.CreatedAt.Before(s.CreatedAt)
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// Admits reports whether adding an item of addBytes keeps the device within this
+// subscription's storage budget. MaxStorageBytes <= 0 means unlimited. It is the
+// single home of the storage-cap rule shared by backfill and the live worker;
+// the caller owns reading the current usage (best-effort, client-enforced).
+func (s *Subscription) Admits(usedBytes, addBytes int64) bool {
+	return s.MaxStorageBytes <= 0 || usedBytes+addBytes <= s.MaxStorageBytes
+}
+
+// SubscriptionRequest is the input to create (or re-create) a subscription. The
+// identity fields are taken from the X-Silo-Device-Id header and the
+// viewer-access profile, never the body.
+type SubscriptionRequest struct {
+	SeriesID        string
+	Mode            string
+	SeasonNumbers   []int
+	DeleteWatched   bool
+	MaxStorageBytes int64
+	ProfileID       string
+	DeviceID        string
+	DeviceName      string
+	DevicePlatform  string
+}
+
+// SubscriptionPatch is a partial update to a subscription; nil fields are left
+// unchanged.
+type SubscriptionPatch struct {
+	Mode            *string
+	SeasonNumbers   *[]int
+	DeleteWatched   *bool
+	MaxStorageBytes *int64
+	Active          *bool
+}

internal/downloads/subscription_repo.go

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+package downloads
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool"
+)
+
+const subscriptionColumns = `id, user_id, profile_id, device_id, series_id, mode,
+	season_numbers, target_season, delete_watched, max_storage_bytes, active, created_at, updated_at`
+
+// SubscriptionRepository provides CRUD for download_subscriptions. Monitoring
+// is client-pull only: devices sync on app open / background refresh; there is
+// no server-side auto-register worker.
+type SubscriptionRepository struct {
+	pool *pgxpool.Pool
+}
+
+// NewSubscriptionRepository creates a SubscriptionRepository backed by pool.
+func NewSubscriptionRepository(pool *pgxpool.Pool) *SubscriptionRepository {
+	return &SubscriptionRepository{pool: pool}
+}
+
+func scanSubscriptionInto(row pgx.Row, s *Subscription) error {
+	var seasons []int32
+	var target *int32
+	if err := row.Scan(
+		&s.ID, &s.UserID, &s.ProfileID, &s.DeviceID, &s.SeriesID, &s.Mode,
+		&seasons, &target, &s.DeleteWatched, &s.MaxStorageBytes, &s.Active,
+		&s.CreatedAt, &s.UpdatedAt,
+	); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	s.SeasonNumbers = int32sToInts(seasons)
+	if target != nil {
+		t := int(*target)
+		s.TargetSeason = &t
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func scanSubscription(row pgx.Row) (*Subscription, error) {
+	var s Subscription
+	if err := scanSubscriptionInto(row, &s); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, pgx.ErrNoRows) {
+			return nil, ErrSubscriptionNotFound
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("scanning subscription: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &s, nil
+}
+
+func scanSubscriptions(rows pgx.Rows) ([]*Subscription, error) {
+	var subs []*Subscription
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var s Subscription
+		if err := scanSubscriptionInto(rows, &s); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("scanning subscription row: %w", err)
+		}
+		subs = append(subs, &s)
+	}
+	return subs, rows.Err()
+}
+
+// Upsert inserts the subscription, or updates the existing one for the same
+// (user, profile, device, series) — re-monitoring a series is idempotent and
+// rewrites the mode/options in place. created_at is preserved on update so the
+// future-only cutoff stays anchored to the first subscribe. Returns the stored row.
+func (r *SubscriptionRepository) Upsert(ctx context.Context, s *Subscription) (*Subscription, error) {
+	const q = `INSERT INTO download_subscriptions
+		(id, user_id, profile_id, device_id, series_id, mode, season_numbers, target_season,
+		 delete_watched, max_storage_bytes, active, created_at, updated_at)
+		VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10, true, now(), now())
+		ON CONFLICT (user_id, profile_id, device_id, series_id) DO UPDATE SET
+			mode = excluded.mode,
+			season_numbers = excluded.season_numbers,
+			target_season = excluded.target_season,
+			delete_watched = excluded.delete_watched,
+			max_storage_bytes = excluded.max_storage_bytes,
+			active = true,
+			updated_at = now()
+		RETURNING ` + subscriptionColumns
+	return scanSubscription(r.pool.QueryRow(ctx, q,
+		s.ID, s.UserID, s.ProfileID, s.DeviceID, s.SeriesID, s.Mode,
+		intsToInt32s(s.SeasonNumbers), int32Ptr(s.TargetSeason),
+		s.DeleteWatched, s.MaxStorageBytes))
+}
+
+// GetByID returns a subscription by id, authorized on (user, profile, device).
+// A mismatch yields ErrSubscriptionNotFound so the endpoint never reveals the
+// existence of another profile's/device's subscription.
+func (r *SubscriptionRepository) GetByID(ctx context.Context, id string, userID int, profileID, deviceID string) (*Subscription, error) {
+	q := `SELECT ` + subscriptionColumns + ` FROM download_subscriptions
+		WHERE id = $1 AND user_id = $2 AND profile_id = $3 AND device_id = $4`
+	return scanSubscription(r.pool.QueryRow(ctx, q, id, userID, profileID, deviceID))
+}
+
+// ListByDevice returns the calling device's subscriptions, most recent first.
+func (r *SubscriptionRepository) ListByDevice(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID string) ([]*Subscription, error) {
+	q := `SELECT ` + subscriptionColumns + ` FROM download_subscriptions
+		WHERE user_id = $1 AND profile_id = $2 AND device_id = $3
+		ORDER BY created_at DESC`
+	rows, err := r.pool.Query(ctx, q, userID, profileID, deviceID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("listing subscriptions: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+	return scanSubscriptions(rows)
+}
+
+// Update writes the mutable fields of s (mode/seasons/target/delete_watched/
+// max_storage_bytes/active), authorized on (user, profile, device). Returns
+// ErrSubscriptionNotFound when nothing matches.
+func (r *SubscriptionRepository) Update(ctx context.Context, s *Subscription) error {
+	tag, err := r.pool.Exec(ctx,
+		`UPDATE download_subscriptions
+		 SET mode = $5, season_numbers = $6, target_season = $7, delete_watched = $8,
+		     max_storage_bytes = $9, active = $10, updated_at = now()
+		 WHERE id = $1 AND user_id = $2 AND profile_id = $3 AND device_id = $4`,
+		s.ID, s.UserID, s.ProfileID, s.DeviceID,
+		s.Mode, intsToInt32s(s.SeasonNumbers), int32Ptr(s.TargetSeason),
+		s.DeleteWatched, s.MaxStorageBytes, s.Active,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("updating subscription: %w", err)
+	}
+	if tag.RowsAffected() == 0 {
+		return ErrSubscriptionNotFound
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Delete removes a subscription, authorized on (user, profile, device). It does
+// NOT delete already-downloaded episodes (the client owns on-device deletion).
+// Returns ErrSubscriptionNotFound when nothing matches.
+func (r *SubscriptionRepository) Delete(ctx context.Context, id string, userID int, profileID, deviceID string) error {
+	tag, err := r.pool.Exec(ctx,
+		`DELETE FROM download_subscriptions WHERE id = $1 AND user_id = $2 AND profile_id = $3 AND device_id = $4`,
+		id, userID, profileID, deviceID,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("deleting subscription: %w", err)
+	}
+	if tag.RowsAffected() == 0 {
+		return ErrSubscriptionNotFound
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func intsToInt32s(in []int) []int32 {
+	out := make([]int32, len(in))
+	for i, v := range in {
+		out[i] = int32(v)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func int32sToInts(in []int32) []int {
+	if len(in) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]int, len(in))
+	for i, v := range in {
+		out[i] = int(v)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func int32Ptr(p *int) *int32 {
+	if p == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	v := int32(*p)
+	return &v
+}

internal/downloads/subscription_service.go

@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+package downloads
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/catalog"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/idgen"
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/models"
+)
+
+// SubscriptionResult is the outcome of creating/updating a subscription: the
+// stored subscription plus how many in-scope episodes were registered as managed
+// downloads.
+type SubscriptionResult struct {
+	Subscription *Subscription
+	Registered   int
+}
+
+// CreateSubscription creates (or idempotently re-creates) a device-scoped series
+// monitor and registers the in-scope episodes that already exist as managed
+// downloads. New episodes are picked up by later client-triggered syncs (see
+// SyncSubscriptions). Series monitoring is original-only, like the rest of the
+// series flow.
+func (s *Service) CreateSubscription(ctx context.Context, userID int, req SubscriptionRequest, filter catalog.AccessFilter) (*SubscriptionResult, error) {
+	if s.subRepo == nil {
+		return nil, ErrSubscriptionsUnavailable
+	}
+	if _, err := s.enabledConfig(ctx); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	user, err := s.userRepo.GetByID(ctx, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("loading user: %w", err)
+	}
+	if !user.DownloadAllowed {
+		return nil, ErrDownloadNotAllowed
+	}
+	if req.ProfileID == "" || req.DeviceID == "" {
+		return nil, ErrProfileRequired
+	}
+	if !ValidSubMode(req.Mode) {
+		return nil, ErrInvalidSubscriptionMode
+	}
+	if req.Mode == SubModeSpecificSeasons && len(req.SeasonNumbers) == 0 {
+		return nil, ErrSeasonsRequired
+	}
+	if !validSeasonNumbers(req.SeasonNumbers) {
+		return nil, ErrInvalidSeasonNumbers
+	}
+
+	item, err := s.itemRepo.GetByID(ctx, req.SeriesID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("loading series: %w", err)
+	}
+	if item.Type != "series" {
+		return nil, ErrNotSeries
+	}
+	if err := s.itemAccess.EnsureAccessible(ctx, req.SeriesID, filter); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// The device row must exist for the subscription's composite FK.
+	if err := s.repo.EnsureDevice(ctx, userID, req.ProfileID, req.DeviceID, req.DeviceName, req.DevicePlatform); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	id, err := idgen.NextID()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("generating subscription ID: %w", err)
+	}
+	sub := &Subscription{
+		ID:              id,
+		UserID:          userID,
+		ProfileID:       req.ProfileID,
+		DeviceID:        req.DeviceID,
+		SeriesID:        req.SeriesID,
+		Mode:            req.Mode,
+		SeasonNumbers:   normalizeSeasons(req.Mode, req.SeasonNumbers),
+		DeleteWatched:   req.DeleteWatched,
+		MaxStorageBytes: req.MaxStorageBytes,
+		Active:          true,
+	}
+	if req.Mode == SubModeLatestSeason {
+		target, err := s.latestSeason(ctx, req.SeriesID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		sub.TargetSeason = target
+	}
+
+	stored, err := s.subRepo.Upsert(ctx, sub)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// The initial registration is best-effort: the subscription is durably stored
+	// and later client syncs still pick up episodes; a transient failure here can
+	// be retried by syncing or re-monitoring. So log it rather than failing.
+	registered, err := s.syncSubscription(ctx, stored)
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Warn("download subscription initial sync failed", "subscription_id", stored.ID, "error", err)
+	}
+	return &SubscriptionResult{Subscription: stored, Registered: registered}, nil
+}
+
+// ListSubscriptions returns the calling device's subscriptions.
+func (s *Service) ListSubscriptions(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID string) ([]*Subscription, error) {
+	if s.subRepo == nil {
+		return nil, ErrSubscriptionsUnavailable
+	}
+	if profileID == "" || deviceID == "" {
+		return nil, ErrProfileRequired
+	}
+	return s.subRepo.ListByDevice(ctx, userID, profileID, deviceID)
+}
+
+// GetSubscription returns one subscription, authorized on (user, profile, device).
+func (s *Service) GetSubscription(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID, id string) (*Subscription, error) {
+	if s.subRepo == nil {
+		return nil, ErrSubscriptionsUnavailable
+	}
+	if profileID == "" || deviceID == "" {
+		return nil, ErrProfileRequired
+	}
+	return s.subRepo.GetByID(ctx, id, userID, profileID, deviceID)
+}
+
+// UpdateSubscription applies a partial update, re-anchoring the latest-season
+// target when the mode changes, then registers any newly in-scope episodes.
+func (s *Service) UpdateSubscription(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID, id string, patch SubscriptionPatch, filter catalog.AccessFilter) (*SubscriptionResult, error) {
+	if s.subRepo == nil {
+		return nil, ErrSubscriptionsUnavailable
+	}
+	if profileID == "" || deviceID == "" {
+		return nil, ErrProfileRequired
+	}
+	// Same feature/permission gate as CreateSubscription and SyncSubscriptions:
+	// a patch can re-activate or widen a monitor and backfill managed rows, so
+	// it must not bypass an admin disabling downloads or revoking the user.
+	if _, err := s.enabledConfig(ctx); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	user, err := s.userRepo.GetByID(ctx, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("loading user: %w", err)
+	}
+	if !user.DownloadAllowed {
+		return nil, ErrDownloadNotAllowed
+	}
+	sub, err := s.subRepo.GetByID(ctx, id, userID, profileID, deviceID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// Re-check the requesting profile's access to the series before mutating or
+	// backfilling — access may have been revoked since the subscription was made.
+	if err := s.itemAccess.EnsureAccessible(ctx, sub.SeriesID, filter); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	scopeChanged := patch.Mode != nil || patch.SeasonNumbers != nil
+	wasActive := sub.Active
+	oldMaxStorageBytes := sub.MaxStorageBytes
+	modeChanged := false
+	if patch.Mode != nil {
+		if !ValidSubMode(*patch.Mode) {
+			return nil, ErrInvalidSubscriptionMode
+		}
+		modeChanged = *patch.Mode != sub.Mode
+		sub.Mode = *patch.Mode
+	}
+	if patch.SeasonNumbers != nil {
+		sub.SeasonNumbers = *patch.SeasonNumbers
+	}
+	if patch.DeleteWatched != nil {
+		sub.DeleteWatched = *patch.DeleteWatched
+	}
+	if patch.MaxStorageBytes != nil {
+		sub.MaxStorageBytes = *patch.MaxStorageBytes
+	}
+	if patch.Active != nil {
+		sub.Active = *patch.Active
+	}
+	if sub.Mode == SubModeSpecificSeasons && len(sub.SeasonNumbers) == 0 {
+		return nil, ErrSeasonsRequired
+	}
+	if !validSeasonNumbers(sub.SeasonNumbers) {
+		return nil, ErrInvalidSeasonNumbers
+	}
+	sub.SeasonNumbers = normalizeSeasons(sub.Mode, sub.SeasonNumbers)
+	switch {
+	case sub.Mode == SubModeLatestSeason && (modeChanged || sub.TargetSeason == nil):
+		target, err := s.latestSeason(ctx, sub.SeriesID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		sub.TargetSeason = target
+	case sub.Mode != SubModeLatestSeason:
+		sub.TargetSeason = nil
+	}
+	if err := s.subRepo.Update(ctx, sub); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	reactivated := patch.Active != nil && !wasActive && sub.Active
+	storageIncreased := patch.MaxStorageBytes != nil &&
+		oldMaxStorageBytes > 0 &&
+		(sub.MaxStorageBytes <= 0 || sub.MaxStorageBytes > oldMaxStorageBytes)
+	// A paused subscription never syncs — including when this very patch
+	// paused it while also changing scope. SyncSubscriptions applies the same
+	// guard; registering episodes the user just stopped monitoring would make
+	// the device pull them anyway.
+	if !sub.Active || (!scopeChanged && !reactivated && !storageIncreased) {
+		return &SubscriptionResult{Subscription: sub}, nil
+	}
+	registered, err := s.syncSubscription(ctx, sub)
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Warn("download subscription update sync failed", "subscription_id", sub.ID, "error", err)
+	}
+	return &SubscriptionResult{Subscription: sub, Registered: registered}, nil
+}
+
+// DeleteSubscription stops monitoring a series for the device. It never deletes
+// already-downloaded episodes — the client owns on-device deletion.
+func (s *Service) DeleteSubscription(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID, id string) error {
+	if s.subRepo == nil {
+		return ErrSubscriptionsUnavailable
+	}
+	if profileID == "" || deviceID == "" {
+		return ErrProfileRequired
+	}
+	return s.subRepo.Delete(ctx, id, userID, profileID, deviceID)
+}
+
+// SyncSubscriptions registers newly in-scope episodes for all of the calling
+// device's active monitors. The client calls this on open / background refresh
+// and then pulls the registered files on its own schedule — so monitoring needs
+// no server-side worker and no notifications subsystem. Per-series access is
+// re-checked, and one series failing does not fail the whole sync.
+func (s *Service) SyncSubscriptions(ctx context.Context, userID int, profileID, deviceID string, filter catalog.AccessFilter) (int, error) {
+	if s.subRepo == nil {
+		return 0, ErrSubscriptionsUnavailable
+	}
+	if _, err := s.enabledConfig(ctx); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if profileID == "" || deviceID == "" {
+		return 0, ErrProfileRequired
+	}
+	user, err := s.userRepo.GetByID(ctx, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("loading user: %w", err)
+	}
+	if !user.DownloadAllowed {
+		return 0, ErrDownloadNotAllowed
+	}
+	subs, err := s.subRepo.ListByDevice(ctx, userID, profileID, deviceID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	total := 0
+	for _, sub := range subs {
+		if !sub.Active {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := s.itemAccess.EnsureAccessible(ctx, sub.SeriesID, filter); err != nil {
+			continue // series no longer accessible to this profile; skip it silently
+		}
+		n, err := s.syncSubscription(ctx, sub)
+		if err != nil {
+			slog.Warn("download subscription sync failed", "subscription_id", sub.ID, "error", err)
+			continue
+		}
+		total += n
+	}
+	return total, nil
+}
+
+// syncSubscription registers the in-scope, available episodes a subscription
+// covers as managed downloads (idempotent — already-registered episodes are
+// skipped) and returns how many were NEWLY registered, so a steady-state sync
+// reports 0. Run at create/update time and on each client-triggered sync. One
+// ListBySeries + coversEpisode filter handles every mode, including latest_season
+// following new seasons (>= TargetSeason) and future-only excluding the back
+// catalog (aired on/after the subscribe day).
+func (s *Service) syncSubscription(ctx context.Context, sub *Subscription) (int, error) {
+	episodes, err := s.episodeRepo.ListBySeries(ctx, sub.SeriesID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("listing episodes: %w", err)
+	}
+	inScope := make([]*models.Episode, 0, len(episodes))
+	for _, ep := range episodes {
+		if sub.coversEpisode(ep) {
+			inScope = append(inScope, ep)
+		}
+	}
+	items, err := s.episodeItems(ctx, sub.SeriesID, inScope)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	items = s.capItemsToStorage(ctx, sub, items)
+	rows, err := registerManagedItems(ctx, s.repo, sub.UserID, sub.ProfileID, sub.DeviceID, items, sub.ID)
+	return len(rows), err
+}
+
+// capItemsToStorage trims items so registering them keeps the device under the
+// subscription's max_storage_bytes (0 = unlimited). The server sum is a
+// best-effort view; the client enforces the hard cap and owns deletion.
+func (s *Service) capItemsToStorage(ctx context.Context, sub *Subscription, items []managedItem) []managedItem {
+	if sub.MaxStorageBytes <= 0 || len(items) == 0 {
+		return items
+	}
+	used, err := s.repo.SumManagedFileSize(ctx, sub.UserID, sub.ProfileID, sub.DeviceID)
+	if err != nil {
+		slog.Warn("download subscription storage gate: sum failed; skipping cap", "subscription_id", sub.ID, "error", err)
+		return items
+	}
+	kept := make([]managedItem, 0, len(items))
+	for _, it := range items {
+		if !sub.Admits(used, it.file.FileSize) {
+			break
+		}
+		used += it.file.FileSize
+		kept = append(kept, it)
+	}
+	return kept
+}
+
+// latestSeason returns the highest season number that has available episodes,
+// used to anchor a latest_season subscription. Returns nil when the series has
+// no available seasons.
+func (s *Service) latestSeason(ctx context.Context, seriesID string) (*int, error) {
+	seasons, err := s.episodeRepo.ListSeasons(ctx, seriesID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("listing seasons: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(seasons) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	max := seasons[0].SeasonNumber
+	for _, season := range seasons[1:] {
+		if season.SeasonNumber > max {
+			max = season.SeasonNumber
+		}
+	}
+	return &max, nil
+}
+
+// maxSeasonNumber bounds client-supplied season numbers (Specials are season
+// 0). Values are persisted as int32, so an unchecked int could silently wrap
+// to an unrelated — possibly negative — season.
+const maxSeasonNumber = 9999
+
+// validSeasonNumbers reports whether every season number is within
+// [0, maxSeasonNumber].
+func validSeasonNumbers(nums []int) bool {
+	for _, n := range nums {
+		if n < 0 || n > maxSeasonNumber {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// normalizeSeasons keeps explicit season numbers only for specific-seasons mode;
+// other modes derive their scope from the mode itself.
+func normalizeSeasons(mode string, seasons []int) []int {
+	if mode != SubModeSpecificSeasons {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return seasons
+}

internal/downloads/subscription_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+package downloads
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/models"
+)
+
+func TestValidSubMode(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, m := range []string{SubModeAll, SubModeFuture, SubModeLatestSeason, SubModeSpecificSeasons} {
+		if !ValidSubMode(m) {
+			t.Errorf("ValidSubMode(%q) = false, want true", m)
+		}
+	}
+	if ValidSubMode("bogus") {
+		t.Errorf("ValidSubMode(bogus) = true, want false")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSubscriptionCoversSeason(t *testing.T) {
+	three := 3
+	cases := []struct {
+		name   string
+		sub    Subscription
+		season int
+		want   bool
+	}{
+		{"all covers any", Subscription{Mode: SubModeAll}, 1, true},
+		{"future covers any season", Subscription{Mode: SubModeFuture}, 7, true},
+		{"latest covers target", Subscription{Mode: SubModeLatestSeason, TargetSeason: &three}, 3, true},
+		{"latest covers newer season", Subscription{Mode: SubModeLatestSeason, TargetSeason: &three}, 4, true},
+		{"latest excludes older season", Subscription{Mode: SubModeLatestSeason, TargetSeason: &three}, 2, false},
+		{"latest without target excludes", Subscription{Mode: SubModeLatestSeason}, 3, false},
+		{"specific includes listed", Subscription{Mode: SubModeSpecificSeasons, SeasonNumbers: []int{1, 3}}, 3, true},
+		{"specific excludes unlisted", Subscription{Mode: SubModeSpecificSeasons, SeasonNumbers: []int{1, 3}}, 2, false},
+		{"unknown mode excludes", Subscription{Mode: "bogus"}, 1, false},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := tc.sub.CoversSeason(tc.season); got != tc.want {
+				t.Fatalf("CoversSeason(%d) = %v, want %v", tc.season, got, tc.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSubscriptionCoversEpisodeFutureCutoff(t *testing.T) {
+	subscribedAt := time.Date(2026, 6, 19, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	before := time.Date(2026, 6, 18, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	after := time.Date(2026, 6, 20, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	future := &Subscription{Mode: SubModeFuture, CreatedAt: subscribedAt}
+	if future.coversEpisode(&models.Episode{SeasonNumber: 1, AirDate: &before}) {
+		t.Errorf("future-only must skip an episode that aired before the subscription")
+	}
+	if !future.coversEpisode(&models.Episode{SeasonNumber: 1, AirDate: &after}) {
+		t.Errorf("future-only must cover an episode that aired after the subscription")
+	}
+	// Same-day boundary: air_date is date-only (midnight), so an episode
+	// airing the day the user subscribed must still count as future.
+	sameDay := time.Date(2026, 6, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	if !future.coversEpisode(&models.Episode{SeasonNumber: 1, AirDate: &sameDay}) {
+		t.Errorf("future-only must cover an episode airing the same day as the subscription")
+	}
+
+	// No air date: fall back to the episode's ingest time.
+	if future.coversEpisode(&models.Episode{SeasonNumber: 1, AirDate: nil, CreatedAt: subscribedAt.Add(-time.Hour)}) {
+		t.Errorf("future-only must skip a no-air-date episode ingested before the subscription")
+	}
+	if !future.coversEpisode(&models.Episode{SeasonNumber: 1, AirDate: nil, CreatedAt: subscribedAt.Add(time.Hour)}) {
+		t.Errorf("future-only must cover a no-air-date episode ingested after the subscription")
+	}
+
+	// 'all' has no air-date cutoff: it covers in-season episodes regardless.
+	all := &Subscription{Mode: SubModeAll, CreatedAt: subscribedAt}
+	if !all.coversEpisode(&models.Episode{SeasonNumber: 1, AirDate: &before}) {
+		t.Errorf("all-mode must cover episodes regardless of air date")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSubscriptionAdmits(t *testing.T) {
+	unlimited := &Subscription{MaxStorageBytes: 0}
+	if !unlimited.Admits(1<<40, 1<<30) {
+		t.Errorf("MaxStorageBytes<=0 must admit anything (unlimited)")
+	}
+	capped := &Subscription{MaxStorageBytes: 100}
+	if !capped.Admits(60, 40) { // 100 <= 100
+		t.Errorf("must admit when used+add equals the cap")
+	}
+	if capped.Admits(61, 40) { // 101 > 100
+		t.Errorf("must reject when used+add exceeds the cap")
+	}
+}

internal/imagecache/imagecache.go

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	maxDownloadBytes = 10 * 1024 * 1024 // 10 MB
+	maxDownloadBytes = 25 * 1024 * 1024 // allow oversized provider originals; cached variants are dimension-capped
 	downloadTimeout  = 30 * time.Second
 )
 
@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@ type ObjectPutter interface {
 	Bucket() string
 }
 
+type objectExister interface {
+	ObjectExists(ctx context.Context, bucket, key string) (bool, error)
+}
+
 // ImageURLResolver resolves plugin:// paths to HTTP URLs.
 type ImageURLResolver interface {
 	ResolveImageURL(ctx context.Context, path string, variant string) string
@@ -52,9 +56,11 @@ type CacheRequest struct {
 
 // CacheResult is returned by Cache on success.
 type CacheResult struct {
-	BasePath  string // S3 key prefix, e.g. "tmdb/movies/550/poster"
-	Thumbhash string // base64-encoded
-	Ext       string // file extension including dot (e.g. ".jpg", ".png")
+	BasePath         string // S3 key prefix, e.g. "tmdb/movies/550/poster"
+	Thumbhash        string // base64-encoded
+	Ext              string // file extension including dot (e.g. ".jpg", ".png")
+	UploadedVariants int
+	ExistingVariants int
 }
 
 // Cacher downloads and stores image variants to S3.
@@ -92,9 +98,11 @@ func (c *Cacher) CacheImage(ctx context.Context, req metadata.CacheImageRequest)
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return &metadata.CacheImageResult{
-		BasePath:  result.BasePath,
-		Thumbhash: result.Thumbhash,
-		Ext:       result.Ext,
+		BasePath:         result.BasePath,
+		Thumbhash:        result.Thumbhash,
+		Ext:              result.Ext,
+		UploadedVariants: result.UploadedVariants,
+		ExistingVariants: result.ExistingVariants,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -160,25 +168,18 @@ func (c *Cacher) CacheBytes(ctx context.Context, data []byte, req CacheRequest)
 	}
 	basePath := buildBasePath(req.ProviderID, req.ContentType, req.ContentID, req.ImageType, req.Language, req.SeasonNumber, req.EpisodeNumber)
 	bucket := c.s3.Bucket()
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	uploadErrs := make([]error, len(result.Variants))
-	for i, v := range result.Variants {
-		wg.Add(1)
-		go func(idx int, variant imageutil.Variant) {
-			defer wg.Done()
-			key := basePath + "/" + variant.Key + result.Ext
-			if err := putObjectWithRetry(ctx, c.s3, bucket, key, variant.Data); err != nil {
-				uploadErrs[idx] = fmt.Errorf("imagecache: upload %s: %w", key, err)
-			}
-		}(i, v)
+
+	uploadStats, err := c.uploadVariants(ctx, bucket, basePath, result)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	wg.Wait()
-	for _, err := range uploadErrs {
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-	return &CacheResult{BasePath: basePath, Thumbhash: thumbhash, Ext: result.Ext}, nil
+	return &CacheResult{
+		BasePath:         basePath,
+		Thumbhash:        thumbhash,
+		Ext:              result.Ext,
+		UploadedVariants: uploadStats.uploaded,
+		ExistingVariants: uploadStats.existing,
+	}, nil
 }
 
 // Cache downloads the image at req.SourceURL, generates variants, computes a
@@ -232,31 +233,17 @@ func (c *Cacher) Cache(ctx context.Context, req CacheRequest) (*CacheResult, err
 	basePath := buildBasePath(req.ProviderID, req.ContentType, req.ContentID, req.ImageType, req.Language, req.SeasonNumber, req.EpisodeNumber)
 	bucket := c.s3.Bucket()
 
-	// Upload all variants concurrently.
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	uploadErrs := make([]error, len(result.Variants))
-	for i, v := range result.Variants {
-		wg.Add(1)
-		go func(idx int, variant imageutil.Variant) {
-			defer wg.Done()
-			key := basePath + "/" + variant.Key + result.Ext
-			if err := putObjectWithRetry(ctx, c.s3, bucket, key, variant.Data); err != nil {
-				uploadErrs[idx] = fmt.Errorf("imagecache: upload %s: %w", key, err)
-			}
-		}(i, v)
-	}
-	wg.Wait()
-
-	for _, err := range uploadErrs {
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
+	uploadStats, err := c.uploadVariants(ctx, bucket, basePath, result)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	return &CacheResult{
-		BasePath:  basePath,
-		Thumbhash: thumbhash,
-		Ext:       result.Ext,
+		BasePath:         basePath,
+		Thumbhash:        thumbhash,
+		Ext:              result.Ext,
+		UploadedVariants: uploadStats.uploaded,
+		ExistingVariants: uploadStats.existing,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -278,6 +265,56 @@ func variantWidths(t metadata.ImageType) []int {
 	}
 }
 
+type uploadVariantStats struct {
+	uploaded int
+	existing int
+}
+
+func (c *Cacher) uploadVariants(ctx context.Context, bucket, basePath string, result *imageutil.VariantResult) (uploadVariantStats, error) {
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	uploadErrs := make([]error, len(result.Variants))
+	stats := make([]uploadVariantStats, len(result.Variants))
+	for i, v := range result.Variants {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(idx int, variant imageutil.Variant) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			key := basePath + "/" + variant.Key + result.Ext
+			if exists, err := objectExists(ctx, c.s3, bucket, key); err != nil {
+				uploadErrs[idx] = fmt.Errorf("imagecache: check existing %s: %w", key, err)
+				return
+			} else if exists {
+				stats[idx].existing = 1
+				return
+			}
+			if err := putObjectWithRetry(ctx, c.s3, bucket, key, variant.Data); err != nil {
+				uploadErrs[idx] = fmt.Errorf("imagecache: upload %s: %w", key, err)
+				return
+			}
+			stats[idx].uploaded = 1
+		}(i, v)
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+	var total uploadVariantStats
+	for _, err := range uploadErrs {
+		if err != nil {
+			return total, err
+		}
+	}
+	for _, s := range stats {
+		total.uploaded += s.uploaded
+		total.existing += s.existing
+	}
+	return total, nil
+}
+
+func objectExists(ctx context.Context, putter ObjectPutter, bucket, key string) (bool, error) {
+	exister, ok := putter.(objectExister)
+	if !ok {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	return exister.ObjectExists(ctx, bucket, key)
+}
+
 func putObjectWithRetry(ctx context.Context, putter ObjectPutter, bucket, key string, data []byte) error {
 	const maxAttempts = 3
 	var lastErr error

internal/imagecache/imagecache_test.go

@@ -8,11 +8,14 @@ import (
 	"image"
 	"image/color"
 	"image/jpeg"
+	"image/png"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/h2non/bimg"
+
 	"github.com/Silo-Server/silo-server/internal/metadata"
 )
 
@@ -32,6 +35,21 @@ func makeTestJPEG(t *testing.T) []byte {
 	return buf.Bytes()
 }
 
+func makeTestPNG(t *testing.T, width, height int) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+	img := image.NewRGBA(image.Rect(0, 0, width, height))
+	for y := range height {
+		for x := range width {
+			img.SetRGBA(x, y, color.RGBA{R: uint8(x % 255), G: uint8(y % 255), B: 180, A: 255})
+		}
+	}
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	if err := png.Encode(&buf, img); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("makeTestPNG: encode: %v", err)
+	}
+	return buf.Bytes()
+}
+
 // mockS3 records all PutObject calls for test assertions.
 type mockS3 struct {
 	mu                    sync.Mutex
@@ -39,12 +57,16 @@ type mockS3 struct {
 	bucket                string
 	putErr                error // if non-nil, returned for every PutObject call
 	failuresBeforeSuccess int
+	existing              map[string]bool
+	existsErr             error
+	existsCalls           []string
 }
 
 type putCall struct {
 	bucket string
 	key    string
 	size   int
+	data   []byte
 }
 
 func (m *mockS3) PutObject(_ context.Context, bucket, key string, data []byte) error {
@@ -57,12 +79,23 @@ func (m *mockS3) PutObject(_ context.Context, bucket, key string, data []byte) e
 	if m.putErr != nil {
 		return m.putErr
 	}
-	m.calls = append(m.calls, putCall{bucket: bucket, key: key, size: len(data)})
+	copied := append([]byte(nil), data...)
+	m.calls = append(m.calls, putCall{bucket: bucket, key: key, size: len(data), data: copied})
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (m *mockS3) Bucket() string { return m.bucket }
 
+func (m *mockS3) ObjectExists(_ context.Context, _ string, key string) (bool, error) {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	m.existsCalls = append(m.existsCalls, key)
+	if m.existsErr != nil {
+		return false, m.existsErr
+	}
+	return m.existing[key], nil
+}
+
 func (m *mockS3) keys() []string {
 	m.mu.Lock()
 	defer m.mu.Unlock()
@@ -73,6 +106,25 @@ func (m *mockS3) keys() []string {
 	return keys
 }
 
+func (m *mockS3) objectData(key string) []byte {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	for _, c := range m.calls {
+		if c.key == key {
+			return c.data
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockS3) checkedKeys() []string {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	keys := make([]string, len(m.existsCalls))
+	copy(keys, m.existsCalls)
+	return keys
+}
+
 func containsKey(keys []string, suffix string) bool {
 	for _, k := range keys {
 		if len(k) >= len(suffix) && k[len(k)-len(suffix):] == suffix {
@@ -150,6 +202,79 @@ func TestCache_Poster(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestCacheSkipsUploadingVariantsThatAlreadyExist(t *testing.T) {
+	jpeg := makeTestJPEG(t)
+	srv := startImageServer(t, jpeg, http.StatusOK)
+
+	wantBase := "tmdb/movies/550/poster"
+	s3 := &mockS3{
+		bucket: "media",
+		existing: map[string]bool{
+			wantBase + "/original.webp": true,
+			wantBase + "/w500.webp":     true,
+			wantBase + "/w300.webp":     true,
+		},
+	}
+	c := newWithHTTPClient(s3, srv.Client())
+
+	result, err := c.Cache(context.Background(), CacheRequest{
+		SourceURL:   srv.URL + "/poster.jpg",
+		ProviderID:  "tmdb",
+		ContentType: "movies",
+		ContentID:   "550",
+		ImageType:   metadata.ImagePoster,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Cache poster with existing variants: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result.BasePath != wantBase {
+		t.Fatalf("BasePath = %q, want %q", result.BasePath, wantBase)
+	}
+	if got := s3.keys(); len(got) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("uploaded keys = %v, want none when variants already exist", got)
+	}
+	if result.UploadedVariants != 0 || result.ExistingVariants != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("upload stats = uploaded %d existing %d, want uploaded 0 existing 3", result.UploadedVariants, result.ExistingVariants)
+	}
+	for _, key := range []string{wantBase + "/original.webp", wantBase + "/w500.webp", wantBase + "/w300.webp"} {
+		if !hasKey(s3.checkedKeys(), key) {
+			t.Fatalf("ObjectExists was not checked for %q; checked %v", key, s3.checkedKeys())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCacheUploadsOnlyMissingVariants(t *testing.T) {
+	jpeg := makeTestJPEG(t)
+	srv := startImageServer(t, jpeg, http.StatusOK)
+
+	wantBase := "tmdb/movies/550/poster"
+	s3 := &mockS3{
+		bucket: "media",
+		existing: map[string]bool{
+			wantBase + "/original.webp": true,
+			wantBase + "/w500.webp":     true,
+		},
+	}
+	c := newWithHTTPClient(s3, srv.Client())
+
+	result, err := c.Cache(context.Background(), CacheRequest{
+		SourceURL:   srv.URL + "/poster.jpg",
+		ProviderID:  "tmdb",
+		ContentType: "movies",
+		ContentID:   "550",
+		ImageType:   metadata.ImagePoster,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Cache poster with partial existing variants: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got := s3.keys(); len(got) != 1 || got[0] != wantBase+"/w300.webp" {
+		t.Fatalf("uploaded keys = %v, want only missing w300 variant", got)
+	}
+	if result.UploadedVariants != 1 || result.ExistingVariants != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("upload stats = uploaded %d existing %d, want uploaded 1 existing 2", result.UploadedVariants, result.ExistingVariants)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestCache_Backdrop(t *testing.T) {
 	jpeg := makeTestJPEG(t)
 	srv := startImageServer(t, jpeg, http.StatusOK)
@@ -231,6 +356,76 @@ func TestCache_Logo(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestCache_ConvertsSVGLogo(t *testing.T) {
+	svg := []byte(`<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1200" height="400" viewBox="0 0 1200 400"><rect width="1200" height="400" fill="#111"/><text x="80" y="255" fill="#fff" font-family="Arial" font-size="180">SILO</text></svg>`)
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "image/svg+xml")
+		_, _ = w.Write(svg)
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
+
+	s3 := &mockS3{bucket: "media"}
+	c := newWithHTTPClient(s3, srv.Client())
+
+	result, err := c.Cache(context.Background(), CacheRequest{
+		SourceURL:   srv.URL + "/logo.svg",
+		ProviderID:  "tmdb",
+		ContentType: "series",
+		ContentID:   "1396",
+		ImageType:   metadata.ImageLogo,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Cache SVG logo: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result.Thumbhash == "" {
+		t.Fatal("Thumbhash is empty")
+	}
+	wantBase := "tmdb/series/1396/logo"
+	for _, variant := range []string{"original", "w500"} {
+		want := wantBase + "/" + variant + ".webp"
+		if !hasKey(s3.keys(), want) {
+			t.Errorf("missing S3 key %q in %v", want, s3.keys())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCache_CapsLargeOriginalVariant(t *testing.T) {
+	pngData := makeTestPNG(t, 2600, 900)
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "image/png")
+		_, _ = w.Write(pngData)
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
+
+	s3 := &mockS3{bucket: "media"}
+	c := newWithHTTPClient(s3, srv.Client())
+
+	_, err := c.Cache(context.Background(), CacheRequest{
+		SourceURL:   srv.URL + "/logo.png",
+		ProviderID:  "tmdb",
+		ContentType: "series",
+		ContentID:   "1396",
+		ImageType:   metadata.ImageLogo,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Cache large logo: %v", err)
+	}
+	original := s3.objectData("tmdb/series/1396/logo/original.webp")
+	if len(original) == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("missing original.webp upload")
+	}
+	size, err := bimg.NewImage(original).Size()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("reading original.webp size: %v", err)
+	}
+	if size.Width > 1920 {
+		t.Fatalf("original.webp width = %d, want <= 1920", size.Width)
+	}
+	if len(original) >= 10*1024*1024 {
+		t.Fatalf("original.webp size = %d bytes, want < 10 MiB", len(original))
+	}
+}
+
 func TestCache_LocalizedPosterUsesLanguageScopedPath(t *testing.T) {
 	jpeg := makeTestJPEG(t)
 	srv := startImageServer(t, jpeg, http.StatusOK)

internal/imageutil/imageutil.go

@@ -16,7 +16,11 @@ import (
 	"go.n16f.net/thumbhash"
 )
 
-const webpQuality = 90
+const (
+	webpQuality                = 90
+	maxCachedOriginalDimension = 1920
+	thumbhashSourceDimension   = 100
+)
 
 // Variant holds a named image variant (e.g. "original", "w500").
 type Variant struct {
@@ -39,18 +43,22 @@ func GenerateVariants(data []byte, widths []int) (*VariantResult, error) {
 	img := bimg.NewImage(data)
 
 	// Validate input by reading size.
-	if _, err := img.Size(); err != nil {
+	size, err := img.Size()
+	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("imageutil: invalid image: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	variants := make([]Variant, 0, len(widths)+1)
 
-	// Original — re-encode as WebP, strip metadata, no resize.
-	original, err := bimg.NewImage(data).Process(bimg.Options{
+	// Original — re-encode as WebP, strip metadata, and cap very large provider
+	// artwork so cached originals do not preserve oversized source dimensions.
+	originalOptions := bimg.Options{
 		Type:          bimg.WEBP,
 		Quality:       webpQuality,
 		StripMetadata: true,
-	})
+	}
+	fitWithin(&originalOptions, size, maxCachedOriginalDimension)
+	original, err := bimg.NewImage(data).Process(originalOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("imageutil: encode original: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -148,7 +156,14 @@ func GenerateSquareVariants(data []byte, sizes []int) (*VariantResult, error) {
 func Thumbhash(data []byte) (string, error) {
 	img, _, err := image.Decode(bytes.NewReader(data))
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("imageutil: decode for thumbhash: %w", err)
+		normalized, normalizeErr := normalizeThumbhashSource(data)
+		if normalizeErr != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("imageutil: decode for thumbhash: %w", err)
+		}
+		img, _, err = image.Decode(bytes.NewReader(normalized))
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("imageutil: decode normalized thumbhash source: %w", err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	scaled := scaleImage(img, 100)
@@ -156,6 +171,38 @@ func Thumbhash(data []byte) (string, error) {
 	return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(hashBytes), nil
 }
 
+func normalizeThumbhashSource(data []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	img := bimg.NewImage(data)
+	size, err := img.Size()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("imageutil: invalid image: %w", err)
+	}
+	opts := bimg.Options{
+		Type:          bimg.PNG,
+		StripMetadata: true,
+	}
+	fitWithin(&opts, size, thumbhashSourceDimension)
+	out, err := img.Process(opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("imageutil: normalize thumbhash source: %w", err)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func fitWithin(opts *bimg.Options, size bimg.ImageSize, maxDim int) {
+	if opts == nil || maxDim <= 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	if size.Width <= maxDim && size.Height <= maxDim {
+		return
+	}
+	if size.Width >= size.Height {
+		opts.Width = maxDim
+		return
+	}
+	opts.Height = maxDim
+}
+
 // scaleImage scales src so its longest dimension does not exceed maxDim,
 // preserving aspect ratio. Uses nearest-neighbour interpolation.
 func scaleImage(src image.Image, maxDim int) *image.NRGBA {

internal/jellycompat/audio_selection_test.go

@@ -18,11 +18,14 @@ import (
 )
 
 type testCompatSessionManager struct {
-	sessions        map[string]*playback.Session
-	audioTrackCalls []compatAudioTrackCall
-	progressCalls   int
-	stopCalls       []string
-	startCalls      int
+	sessions            map[string]*playback.Session
+	audioTrackCalls     []compatAudioTrackCall
+	progressCalls       int
+	progressUpdates     []compatProgressCall
+	stopCalls           []string
+	startCalls          int
+	beginTransportCalls []string
+	endTransportCalls   []string
 }
 
 type compatAudioTrackCall struct {
@@ -31,6 +34,12 @@ type compatAudioTrackCall struct {
 	method          playback.PlayMethod
 }
 
+type compatProgressCall struct {
+	sessionID string
+	position  float64
+	isPaused  bool
+}
+
 func (m *testCompatSessionManager) StartSession(userID int, profileID string, fileID int, method playback.PlayMethod, transcodeAudio bool) (*playback.Session, error) {
 	m.startCalls++
 	session := &playback.Session{
@@ -49,8 +58,38 @@ func (m *testCompatSessionManager) StartSession(userID int, profileID string, fi
 	return session, nil
 }
 
-func (m *testCompatSessionManager) UpdateProgress(string, float64, bool) error {
+func (m *testCompatSessionManager) UpdateProgress(sessionID string, position float64, isPaused bool) error {
 	m.progressCalls++
+	m.progressUpdates = append(m.progressUpdates, compatProgressCall{
+		sessionID: sessionID,
+		position:  position,
+		isPaused:  isPaused,
+	})
+	if m.sessions != nil {
+		if _, ok := m.sessions[sessionID]; !ok {
+			return playback.ErrSessionNotFound
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *testCompatSessionManager) BeginTransport(sessionID string) error {
+	m.beginTransportCalls = append(m.beginTransportCalls, sessionID)
+	if m.sessions != nil {
+		if _, ok := m.sessions[sessionID]; !ok {
+			return playback.ErrSessionNotFound
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *testCompatSessionManager) EndTransport(sessionID string) error {
+	m.endTransportCalls = append(m.endTransportCalls, sessionID)
+	if m.sessions != nil {
+		if _, ok := m.sessions[sessionID]; !ok {
+			return playback.ErrSessionNotFound
+		}
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -200,7 +239,7 @@ func TestHandlePlaybackReport_UpdatesSelectedAudioStreamAndUpstreamTrack(t *test
 	handler := &PlaybackHandler{
 		playbackStore: playbackStore,
 		sessionMgr:    sessionMgr,
-		transcodes:    make(map[string]*playback.TranscodeSession),
+		tm:            playback.NewTranscodeManager(),
 	}
 
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/Sessions/Playing/Progress", strings.NewReader(`{"PlaySessionId":"play-1","MediaSourceId":"`+source.ID+`","AudioStreamIndex":2,"PositionTicks":30000000}`))
@@ -254,7 +293,7 @@ func TestEnsureTranscodeSession_UsesSelectedAudioTrack(t *testing.T) {
 		fileResolver:  testCompatFileResolver{file: &models.MediaFile{ID: version.FileID, FilePath: filePath}},
 		TranscodeDir:  t.TempDir(),
 		FFmpegPath:    writeCompatTestFFmpeg(t),
-		transcodes:    make(map[string]*playback.TranscodeSession),
+		tm:            playback.NewTranscodeManager(),
 	}
 
 	transcodeSession, err := handler.ensureTranscodeSession(context.Background(), "play-1", "upstream-1", source)
@@ -288,9 +327,16 @@ func TestStartRemoteTranscode_IncludesSelectedAudioTrack(t *testing.T) {
 	}))
 	defer server.Close()
 
-	handler := &PlaybackHandler{JWTSecret: "secret"}
+	playbackStore := NewPlaybackSessionStore(time.Hour, nil)
+	playbackStore.Put(PlaybackSession{ID: "play-1", UpstreamSessionID: "upstream-1"})
+	handler := &PlaybackHandler{
+		JWTSecret:     "secret",
+		playbackStore: playbackStore,
+		tm:            playback.NewTranscodeManager(),
+	}
 	if err := handler.startRemoteTranscode(
 		context.Background(),
+		"play-1",
 		"upstream-1",
 		source,
 		&models.MediaFile{ID: version.FileID, FilePath: filePath},

internal/jellycompat/audiobook_exclusion_test.go

@@ -160,6 +160,11 @@ func (f *scopeFakeBrowseSource) BrowsePage(_ context.Context, filters catalog.Br
 	return &catalog.BrowseResult{Items: []*models.MediaItem{}, Total: 0, HasMore: false}, nil
 }
 
+func (f *scopeFakeBrowseSource) BrowseRecentlyAddedAcrossLibraries(_ context.Context, base catalog.BrowseFilters, _ []int) (*catalog.BrowseResult, error) {
+	f.lastFilters = base
+	return &catalog.BrowseResult{Items: []*models.MediaItem{}, Total: 0, HasMore: false}, nil
+}
+
 func (f *scopeFakeBrowseSource) ListGenres(_ context.Context, filters catalog.BrowseFilters) ([]string, error) {
 	f.lastFilters = filters
 	return []string{}, nil

internal/jellycompat/auth.go

@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ func resolveCompatToken(ctx context.Context, sessions *SessionStore, keyAuth *Ad
 // PlaybackSessionAuth creates middleware that falls back to playback session
 // authentication for media stream endpoints where external players (e.g. libmpv)
 // don't forward auth headers or query parameters.
-func PlaybackSessionAuth(sessions *SessionStore, playbackStore *PlaybackSessionStore, keyAuth *AdminAPIKeyAuthenticator) func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+func PlaybackSessionAuth(sessions *SessionStore, playbackStore CompatPlaybackStore, keyAuth *AdminAPIKeyAuthenticator) func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 		return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			// Try standard token auth first — a compat session token or an sa_

internal/jellycompat/batch_loaders.go

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ type episodeRepoForBatchLoader interface {
 	HasFilesByIDs(ctx context.Context, contentIDs []string) (map[string]bool, error)
 	ListBySeason(ctx context.Context, seriesID string, seasonNum int) ([]*models.Episode, error)
 	ListBySeries(ctx context.Context, seriesID string) ([]*models.Episode, error)
+	ListAdjacentInSeries(ctx context.Context, seriesID string, seasonNumber, episodeNumber int) ([]*models.Episode, error)
 }
 
 func (h *ItemsHandler) fetchCompatItemsByContentIDs(ctx context.Context, session *Session, contentIDs []string, libraryID *int) (map[string]upstreamListItem, error) {